Cancer researchers urged people on Wednesday to take more vitamin D to lower ris
题型：不详难度：来源：
Cancer researchers urged people on Wednesday to take more vitamin D to lower risk of cancer， saying studies showed a clear link. "Our suggestion is for people to increase their intake， through diet or a vitamin supplement，" Dr. Cedric Garland said in a telephone interview.
Garland"s research team reviewed 63 studies， including several large long-term ones， on the relationship between vitamin D and certain types of cancer worldwide between 1966 and 2004. "There"s nothing that has this ability to prevent cancer，" he said， urging governments and public health officials to do more to fortify foods with vitamin D.Garland is part of a University of California at San Diego Moores Cancer Center team that published its findings this week online in the American Journal of Public Health. Vitamin D is found in milk， as well as in some fortified orange juice， yogurt and cheeses， usually at around 100 international units （IU） a serving. People might want to consider a vitamin supplement to raise their intake to 1000 IUs per day， Garland said， adding that it was well within the safety guidelines established by the National Academy of Sciences.
The authors said that taking more vitamin D could be especially important for people living in northern areas， which receive less vitamin D from sunshine.
African Americans， who don"t produce as much of the vitamin because of their skin colour， could also benefit significantly from a higher intake， the authors said.
小题1: According to the passage， people are advised to take more Vitamin D because_________.| A．it is nutritious | | B．it can‘t harm people’s health | | C．it is not taken enough every day | | D．it can lower cancer risk |
小题2: Which of the following can not help people get more Vitamin D？| A．Have more meat | B．Have some sunshine | | C．Have a vitamin supplement | D．Have more fortified cheese |
小题3:Who can Garland probably be？| A．A scientist | B．A health researcher | | C．A doctor | D．A public health official |
小题4:Which of the following food can lower people‘s chance of getting cancer？| A．Fortified orange juice | B．Milk | | C．Fortified yogurt | D．All of the above |
小题5:People from which area should take more Vitamin D according to the passage？| A．Asian people | B．American people | | C．European people | D．African people |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:B
小题4:D
小题5:D |
解析
试题分析：文章介绍了研究表明维他命D可以降低患癌症的几率，并且告诉了读者几种获取维生素D的方法。
小题1:细节题。根据文章中专家所说的话take more vitamin D to lower risk of cancer，可得知多吃维他命D可以降低患癌症的几率应该选择，选D
小题2:细节题。在文章中寻找有关于维他命D的食物来源，Vitamin D is found in milk, as well as in some fortified orange juice, yogurt and cheeses，并没有提到肉，所以选A
小题3:推理题：文章的第一句话Cancer researchers urged people on Wednesday to take more vitamin D to lower risk of cancer可知这是研究人员的花，第一段的最后一句话Dr. Cedric Garland said in a telephone interview.可以推断出： Dr. Cedric Garland是一个健康研究人员。选B
小题4:细节题。维他命D可以降低癌症几率，所以我们要找到可以获取维他命D的来源Vitamin D is found in milk, as well as in some fortified orange juice, yogurt and cheeses,D项包含了这些食物。所以选D
小题5:推理题：从最后一段的句子：“African Americans, who don"t produce as much of the vitamin because of their skin colour, could also benefit significantly from a higher intake,” the authors said.可以推断出非洲人应该多摄入维生素D。选D |
举一反三
How often do you sit still and do absolutely nothing? The usual answer these days is“never” or “hardly ever”. As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through life, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.
Stress is a natural part of everyday life. There is no way to avoid it, since it takes many and varied forms-driving in traffic, problems with personal relationships are all different forms of stress. Stress, in fact, is not the “baddy” it is often reputed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.
The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first sight of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make a choice between “fight” or “fright” and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life and death. The crisis we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it involves the same response. All the energy is shifted to cope with the stress. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.
Stress in some people produces stomach disorders, while others experience tension headaches. Since we cannot remove stress from our 1ives, We need to find ways to cope with it.
小题1:People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because .| A．they are working harder than they used to | | B．they are often too busy to find the time | | C．they are not clear of how to relax by themselves | | D．they are suffering from the effects of stress |
小题2:What is implied but not stated in the passage?| A．The art of relaxation can greatly help people bear stress. | | B．People in primitive days know certain ways to deal with stress. | | C．If one gets into the habit of relaxing every day he can overcome stress easily. | | D．Stress can lead to serious health problem if one is exposed to it for too long. |
小题3:The underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 suggests that . | A．stress is not always a bad thing for people | | B．stress has a bad reputation of causing ill health | | C．stress is not so terrible as people often believe it to be | | D．stress is always harmful to people all the time |
小题4:According to this passage, which of the following statements is true?| A．Relaxation in life only benefits us mentally. | | B．Different people can stand different amounts of stress. | | C．All the stress can lead to poor performance. | | D．Large amounts of stress is important to people"s lire. |
小题5:What is the writer"s attitude to stress according to the passage?| A．Stress as well as relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body. | | B．Stress should not be rid completely from the life. | | C．Stress produces both positive and negative effects on people. | | D．People usually work better under stress if they are healthy. |
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C.O.P.D(慢性障碍性肺病) blocks air flow through the lungs. It makes breathing difficult. The leading cause of C.O.P.D. is cigarette smoking. Experts at the National Institutes of Health in the United States say there is no cure to the damage to the lungs.
Dawn Demeo is an assistant professor at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. She said, “By 2020, C.O.P.D. may be the third leading cause of death across the world.”
C.O.P.D. is a new name for emphysema（肺气肿） and chronic bronchitis（慢性支气管炎）. These are the two most common forms of the disease. Many people with C.O.P.D. have both of them. And Doctor Demeo says more women than men now die from the disease.
She is the lead author of a study by a team from Harvard’s Brigham and Women’s Hospital and the University of Bergen in Norway. The new study adds to findings that women may be more at risk than men from the damaging effects of smoking.
The team examined results from a Norwegian study of 954 people with C.O.P.D. Inga-Cecilie Soerheim co-wrote the team’s findings. Doctor Soerheim says they show that women suffered the same level of C.O.P.D.as men. But the female smokers were younger and had smoked a lot less.
The team also looked at two groups among the people in the study. These were people under the age of 60 and those who had smoked for less than 20 years. In both cases, women had more serious C.O.P.D. and a greater loss of lung function (功能）than men.
小题1:Which of the following statements about C.O.P.D is NOT true ______.
A. Cigarette smoking is likely to cause C.O.P.D.
B. C.O.P.D. makes it hard for a person to breathe
C. C.O.P.D will be one of the most life-threatening diseases.
D. Many people with C.O.P.D. have either emphysema or chronic bronchitis.
小题2:It can be known from the study that_____.
A. female smokers die faster than male ones.
B. women are more likely to suffer from the damaging effects of smoking than men.
C. women who suffer the same level of C.O.P.D as men were older and weaker.
D. in the group of people under the age of 60, men suffered more from C.O.P.D than women.
小题3:Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A .Smoking Kills
B. Smoking Triggers Diseases
C. The Leading Causes of C.O.P.D.
D. Women Suffers More from C.O.P.D. than Men
小题4:In which part of a newspaper would you most probably read this passage?| A．Science | B．Health report | C．Education | D．Business report |
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New research suggests that speaking more than one language may delay different kinds of dementia(痴呆), that is the loss of mental ability. In fact, researchers say, speaking two languages appears to be more important than the level of education in defending against dementias.
A study in India examined the effect of knowing more than one language in delaying the first signs of several dementias. Researchers studied nearly 650 people whose average age was 66. 240 of those studied suffered from Alzheimer"s, the most common form of mental decline(下降). 391 of the subjects spoke two or more languages. Researchers found the dementias began about four-and-a-half years later in those who spoke two languages compared to those who spoke only one language. The level of education had no effect on the age at the first sign of dementia.
Thomas Bak, from the Center of Cognitive Aging at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, who helped to organize the study, suggests that individuals who speak more than one language train their brains by moving back and forth between different words and expressions. He also believes this effort improves what scientists called executive(执行的) functioning, which often weakens in people with dementias. He states that researchers found there was no extra gain in speaking more than two languages.
Mr Bak says it does not appear important whether you learn another language at a young age or later in life. It"s not something that “you missed the boat when you do not do it as a baby.” It is something that is still quite useful and powerful when you do it as an adult.
小题1:The finding of the study is that________. | A．learning more than one language can cure dementias | | B．speaking two languages may delay kinds of dementias | | C．the level of education matters in defending against dementias | | D．people who suffer from dementias will lose mental ability |
小题2:The underlined word “subjects” refers to________.| A．people who were studied in the study | | B．notices that were put on about the study | | C．questions that were asked in the study | | D．methods that were used in the study |
小题3:According to Mr Bak, ________.| A．the more languages one speaks, the less chance of getting dementias | | B．people’s executive functioning often strengthens with age | | C．when you learn one more language makes no difference | | D．it is much easier to learn one more language at a young age |
小题4:This passage may probably be seen in________. | A．a research plan | B．a health magazine | | C．a book review | D．a business magazine |
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You might think I"d have little in common with a camel, but we do share one useful skill: both of us can go for a very long time without water. Usually I start my day with a cup of tea, and then I might have a glass of water with my lunch and one with dinner, that"s about a liter of liquid in 24 hours. It feels like plenty, but apparently it"s not nearly enough.
After years of suffering headaches and poor digestion I spoke to a neurologist about my regular headaches and a nutritionist about my poor digestion, and both told me I should be drinking up to three liters of liquid a day for my body to function at its best. I decided to conduct an experiment. What would happen if I drank the recommended amount every day for a month?
The photograph of me taken the day I started this trial demonstrates(展示）perfectly and rather frighteningly what a lack of hydration does to a face. I am 42, but have to admit I look more like 52 in this picture, which is shocking. There are dark shadows under and around my eyes, which make me look exhausted, a profusion of wrinkles and strange reddish blotches, and my skin lacks any luster（光泽）. It looks dead. Even my lips look shriveled（枯萎的）. This is all classic evidence of poor hydration, apparently.
Every system and function in our body depends on water. It flushes toxins from the vital organs, carries nutrients to cells, provides a moist environment for ear, nose and throat tissues, and eliminates waste.
Not drinking enough means all these functions becomes damaged. So I decided to see how I would look and feel if I drank three liters of water every day for 28 days. The results were astonishing.
小题1:Which statement is Not True according to Paragraph 1?| A．The author drinks about a liter of liquid every day. | | B．The author has something in common with a camel. | | C．The author thinks she drinks enough water every day. | | D．The author actually has plenty of water in her daily life. |
小题2:Why did the author decide to drink the recommended amount of water?| A．Because she was very fond of doing experiments. | | B．Because she was informed of the importance of drinking enough water. | | C．Because her doctors forced her to do it. | | D．Because she wanted to be cured of her stomachache. |
小题3:The author’s lack of hydration caused the following physical responses Except_______.| A．shriveled lips | | B．enough luster of her skin | | C．dark shadows around her eyes | | D．wrinkles and blotches on her face |
小题4:According to the passage, the author most probably tends to tell us_________.| A．the more water one drinks, the healthier he is | | B．drinking water makes ladies look younger | | C．drinking enough water is key to one’s health | | D．it’s necessary to follow specialists instructions |
小题5:What will be probably written in the next paragraph?| A．The author gave up the experiment. | | B．The author had his health greatly improved. | | C．The author suffered a lot from the experiment. | | D．The author felt very disappointed at the result. |
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Nuclear power’s danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.
Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It can’t be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we can’t detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can’t sense radioactivity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.
At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being immediately by killing masses of cells in vital organs. But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no levels of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be serious. This is the case when only a few cells are hit, and if they are killed immediately. Your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.
This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the victim being aware at the time that damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated（辐射）and feel fine, then die for cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents.
Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth.
小题1:Which of the following statements is true? | A．Nuclear radiation is just like common radio waves. | | B．Nuclear radiation can cause cancer to human beings. | | C．Nuclear radiation can be detected by human senses. | | D．Nuclear radiation can be safe to human beings if its level is low. |
小题2:How can nuclear radiation kill an animal? | A．By damaging its heart. | B．By killing a few cells. | | C．By hitting any place in its body. | D．By killing many cells in important organs. |
小题3: If a human being is hit by nuclear radiation, he may _______. | A．die of cancer after many years | B．die immediately | | C．have a child who may be born weak | D．all of the above |
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