New research suggests that speaking more than one language may delay different k
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New research suggests that speaking more than one language may delay different kinds of dementia(痴呆), that is the loss of mental ability. In fact, researchers say, speaking two languages appears to be more important than the level of education in defending against dementias.
A study in India examined the effect of knowing more than one language in delaying the first signs of several dementias. Researchers studied nearly 650 people whose average age was 66. 240 of those studied suffered from Alzheimer"s, the most common form of mental decline(下降). 391 of the subjects spoke two or more languages. Researchers found the dementias began about four-and-a-half years later in those who spoke two languages compared to those who spoke only one language. The level of education had no effect on the age at the first sign of dementia.
Thomas Bak, from the Center of Cognitive Aging at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, who helped to organize the study, suggests that individuals who speak more than one language train their brains by moving back and forth between different words and expressions. He also believes this effort improves what scientists called executive(执行的) functioning, which often weakens in people with dementias. He states that researchers found there was no extra gain in speaking more than two languages.
Mr Bak says it does not appear important whether you learn another language at a young age or later in life. It"s not something that “you missed the boat when you do not do it as a baby.” It is something that is still quite useful and powerful when you do it as an adult.
小题1:The finding of the study is that________. | A．learning more than one language can cure dementias | | B．speaking two languages may delay kinds of dementias | | C．the level of education matters in defending against dementias | | D．people who suffer from dementias will lose mental ability |
小题2:The underlined word “subjects” refers to________.| A．people who were studied in the study | | B．notices that were put on about the study | | C．questions that were asked in the study | | D．methods that were used in the study |
小题3:According to Mr Bak, ________.| A．the more languages one speaks, the less chance of getting dementias | | B．people’s executive functioning often strengthens with age | | C．when you learn one more language makes no difference | | D．it is much easier to learn one more language at a young age |
小题4:This passage may probably be seen in________. | A．a research plan | B．a health magazine | | C．a book review | D．a business magazine |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:B |
解析
试题分析：文章介绍一项新的调查结果，研究表明会多种语言或能延迟痴呆的最初迹象，文章介绍调查的方式和过程，解释其中的道理。
小题1:细节题：从第一段的句子：New research suggests that speaking more than one language may delay different kinds of dementia(痴呆), that is the loss of mental ability.可知新研究表明说两种语言可以延缓各种痴呆，而不是治愈，选B
小题2:猜词题：从第二段的Researchers studied nearly 650 people whose average age was 66. 240 of those studied suffered from Alzheimer"s, 可知subjects是指的：接受测试的人，选A
小题3:细节题：从最后一段的句子：Mr Bak says it does not appear important whether you learn another language at a young age or later in life. 可知Mr Bak认为是什么时候学习的两种语言没有什么影响，选C
小题4:文章出处题：这篇文章讲的是说两种语言可以延缓各种痴呆，这是关于健康的话题，所以选B |
举一反三
You might think I"d have little in common with a camel, but we do share one useful skill: both of us can go for a very long time without water. Usually I start my day with a cup of tea, and then I might have a glass of water with my lunch and one with dinner, that"s about a liter of liquid in 24 hours. It feels like plenty, but apparently it"s not nearly enough.
After years of suffering headaches and poor digestion I spoke to a neurologist about my regular headaches and a nutritionist about my poor digestion, and both told me I should be drinking up to three liters of liquid a day for my body to function at its best. I decided to conduct an experiment. What would happen if I drank the recommended amount every day for a month?
The photograph of me taken the day I started this trial demonstrates(展示）perfectly and rather frighteningly what a lack of hydration does to a face. I am 42, but have to admit I look more like 52 in this picture, which is shocking. There are dark shadows under and around my eyes, which make me look exhausted, a profusion of wrinkles and strange reddish blotches, and my skin lacks any luster（光泽）. It looks dead. Even my lips look shriveled（枯萎的）. This is all classic evidence of poor hydration, apparently.
Every system and function in our body depends on water. It flushes toxins from the vital organs, carries nutrients to cells, provides a moist environment for ear, nose and throat tissues, and eliminates waste.
Not drinking enough means all these functions becomes damaged. So I decided to see how I would look and feel if I drank three liters of water every day for 28 days. The results were astonishing.
小题1:Which statement is Not True according to Paragraph 1?| A．The author drinks about a liter of liquid every day. | | B．The author has something in common with a camel. | | C．The author thinks she drinks enough water every day. | | D．The author actually has plenty of water in her daily life. |
小题2:Why did the author decide to drink the recommended amount of water?| A．Because she was very fond of doing experiments. | | B．Because she was informed of the importance of drinking enough water. | | C．Because her doctors forced her to do it. | | D．Because she wanted to be cured of her stomachache. |
小题3:The author’s lack of hydration caused the following physical responses Except_______.| A．shriveled lips | | B．enough luster of her skin | | C．dark shadows around her eyes | | D．wrinkles and blotches on her face |
小题4:According to the passage, the author most probably tends to tell us_________.| A．the more water one drinks, the healthier he is | | B．drinking water makes ladies look younger | | C．drinking enough water is key to one’s health | | D．it’s necessary to follow specialists instructions |
小题5:What will be probably written in the next paragraph?| A．The author gave up the experiment. | | B．The author had his health greatly improved. | | C．The author suffered a lot from the experiment. | | D．The author felt very disappointed at the result. |
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Nuclear power’s danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.
Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It can’t be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we can’t detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can’t sense radioactivity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.
At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being immediately by killing masses of cells in vital organs. But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no levels of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be serious. This is the case when only a few cells are hit, and if they are killed immediately. Your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.
This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the victim being aware at the time that damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated（辐射）and feel fine, then die for cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents.
Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth.
小题1:Which of the following statements is true? | A．Nuclear radiation is just like common radio waves. | | B．Nuclear radiation can cause cancer to human beings. | | C．Nuclear radiation can be detected by human senses. | | D．Nuclear radiation can be safe to human beings if its level is low. |
小题2:How can nuclear radiation kill an animal? | A．By damaging its heart. | B．By killing a few cells. | | C．By hitting any place in its body. | D．By killing many cells in important organs. |
小题3: If a human being is hit by nuclear radiation, he may _______. | A．die of cancer after many years | B．die immediately | | C．have a child who may be born weak | D．all of the above |
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Good health is the most valuable thing a person can have but one cannot take good health for granted .It is important to remember that the body needs proper care in order to be healthy. There are three things that a person can do to help stay in good shape, eat right food, get enough sleep, and exercise regularly.
Proper nutrition is important for good health. Your body cannot work well unless it receives the proper kind“fuel"．Don"t eat too much food with lots of sugar and fat, Eat plenty of foods high in protein, like meat fish eggs and nuts. Vegetables and fruits are very important because they provide necessary vitamins and minerals. However don"t overeat It is not helpful to be overweight
Getting the proper amount of sleep is also important. If you don"t get enough sleep, you feel tired and easily get angry. You have no energy. Over a long period of time a little amount of sleep may even result In a change of personality（人的个性)．Be sure to allow yourself from seven to nine hours of sleep each ,If you do, your body will feel strong and refreshed ,and your mind will be sharp．
Finally, get plenty of exercise Exercise firms the body, strengthens the muscles, and prevents you from gaining weight It also improves your heart and lungs. If you follow a regular exercise program, you will probably increase your life-span（寿命)．An kind of exercise is good. Most sports excellent for keeping the body in good shapes: basketball, swimming, bicycling, running and so on. Sports are not only good for your body, but they are enjoyable and interesting, too.
If everybody were to eat the right foods, get plenty of sleep and exercise regularly, the world would be a happier and healthier place. We would all live to be much older and wiser.
小题1:In order to keep good health______.| A．we should eat a lot of sweets | | B．one needs a large amount of fat | | C．we must try to sleep now and then | | D．people should eat according to the foods nutrition |
小题2:Eating more and sleeping less_______.| A． can keep healthy | B． is no good for you | | C． gets you more energy | D． will keep your personality |
小题3:The writer explains ________in the 4th paragraph.| A． how to eat | B． what to eat | | C． how to keep healthy | D． the importance of doing exercise |
小题4:The title for the article should be“_______".| A． Eating and Exercising | B． How Vitamins Work in Man"s Body | | C． Staying Healthy | D． Sleeping Well |
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“If music is the medicine of the soul(灵魂), let it play on,” said a famous person. I think he said so because probably he got some help from music. Music has some strange abilities. Medical scientists have found that a person that feels stressed can actually listen to some kind of music and become well.
The researchers said that since stress comes as a result of life events such as starting a new family, starting a new business, and starting a new job, one can actually listen to good music and feel good because good music touches the human mind in a positive way. Music helps you to forget the life events that make you worried and remember the important events that once happened in your life.
Depression(抑郁) is a disease cause by stress, smoking, social problems and so on. Depression is also caused by problems such as failure in business. Depression may bring us weakness, headache, and loss of concentration. Good music makes one remember happy moments or good days. If you play music about love, it makes you feel like falling in love again though you may have had several upset experiences. And such good feeling make you healthy.
Anxiety(焦虑) is another health problem that can be controlled by music. Anxiety is a side effect of some major health problems such as cancer of the liver and cancer of the breast. Good music makes you feel relaxed and removes the pains from these diseases and you feel all right.
Good music can send you to sleep. And you need to know that sleep puts your body in a healthy condition. Sleep takes away the effects of stress, depression and anxiety from a person.
小题1:According to the famous person in Paragraph 1, music can___________.| A．treat many kinds of diseases | | B．help you keep healthy in your mind | | C．take the place of medicine in treating illness | | D．make you remember things happened in the past |
小题2:Good music helps people remove stress mainly by _________.| A．letting people have a good sleep | | B．making people think positively | | C．showing something new to people | | D．making people focus only on important things |
小题3:Which of the following is NOT a reason for depression mentioned in the passage?| A．Stress | B．Smoking | C．Failure in business | D．Loss of concentration |
小题4:According to the passage, one who has cancer will most probably experience __________.| A．stress | B．depression | C．anxiety | D．upset |
小题5:Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?| A．The health benefits of listening to music | | B．Stress can bring us many kinds of diseases | | C．Some diseases have something to do with music | | D．Tips for us to live a healthy and comfortable life |
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LEEDS, England—A Leeds University psychology professor is researching a course to help dozens of Britons forgive their enemies.
“The hate we hold within us is a cancer.” Professor Ken Hart said, adding that holding in anger can lead to problems such as high blood pressure and heart disease.
More than 70 people have become volunteers in Hart’s first 20-week workshop in London—a course he says is the first of its kind in the world.
These are people who are sick and tired of living with a memory. They realize their bitterness is a poison they think they can pour out, but they end up drinking it themselves, said Canadian-born Hart.
The students meet in each group of eight to ten for a two-hour workshop with a director every two weeks.
The course, ending in July, is expected to get rid of the cancer of hate in these people. “People have lots of negative attitudes towards forgiveness,” he said, “People confuse forgiveness with forgetting. Forgiveness means changing from a negative attitude to a positive one.”
Hart and his team have created instructions to provide the training needed.
“The main idea is to give you guidances on how to look at all kinds of angers and how they affect you, and how to change your attitudes towards the person you are angry with,” said Norman Claringbull, a senior expert on the forgiveness project.
Hart said, “I believe forgiveness is a skill that can be taught, as these people want to get free of the past.”
小题1:From this passage we know that ________.| A．without hate, people will have less trouble connected with blood pressure and heart disease | | B．people who suffer from blood pressure and heart disease must have many enemies | | C．high blood pressure can only be cured by psychology professors | | D．high blood pressure and heart disease are caused by hate |
小题2:If you are angry with somebody, you should ________.| A．attend Hart’s course | | B．persuade him or her to have a positive talk with you | | C．never meet him or her any longer | | D．treat him or her positively instead of negatively |
小题3:In Hart’s first 20-week workshop, people there can ________.| A．meet their enemies | | B．change their attitudes | | C．enjoy the professor’s teaching | | D．learn how to quarrel with others |
小题4:If you are a volunteer in Hart’s workshop, you’ll ________.| A．meet in eight or ten groups | | B．get rid of the illness of cancer | | C．attend a gathering twice a month | | D．pour out everything stored in your mind |
小题5:The author wrote this passage in order to________.| A．persuade Britons to go to Hart’s workshop | | B．tell us the news about Hart’s research | | C．tell us how to run a workshop like Hart’s | | D．help us to look at all kinds of angers |
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