The research tracked the health of 101,000 US nurses over three decades.Light-to
题型：不详难度：来源：
Light-to-moderate smokers were twice as likely to die of sudden heart problems as those who had never smoked.
But those who quit smoking saw their risk begin to go back down within years, a journal of the American Heart Association reports.
_________
During the study, there were 315 sudden cardiac deaths（心脏性猝死）——where the heart unexpectedly stops working.
In people aged 35 or younger, this usually because of a heart condition that runs in the family.
But in people who are older than this—as most of the nurses in the study were —it can be the first sign of coronary heart disease, where the heart’s arteries become blocked by fatty deposits.
Of the 315 sudden deaths in the study, 75 were among current smokers, 148 were among recent or past smokers and 128 occurred in people who had never smoked.
Reason to quit
After taking into account other heart risk factors, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol and family history of heart disease, Dr Roopinder Sandhu and his colleagues found the women who smoked were twice as likely as likely to die suddenly even if they smoked “light-to-moderate” amounts —between one and 14 cigarettes a day.
For every five years of continued smoking, the risk went up by 8%.
But women who quit saw their risk fall to that of someone who had never smoked, after 20 years of cessation.
Dr Sandhu, of the University of Alberta, Canad, said: “What this study really tells women is how important it is to stop smoking. The benefits in terms of sudden cardiac death reduction are there for all women, not just those with established heart disease.”
“It can be difficult to quit. It needs to be a long-term goal. It’s not always easily achievable and it may take more than one attempt.”
Ellen Mason, senior cardiac nurse at the British Heart Foundation, said: “This study shows that smoking just a couple of cigarettes a day could still seriously affect your future health.”
“As we approach the new year, many of us will be making resolutions and giving up smoking will be the top of the list for lots of people.”
“If you’re thinking of quitting and need a nudge, this research adds to the wealth of evidence that stopping smoking is the single best thing you can do for your heart health.”
A recent study in The Lancet of 1.2million Women found those who gave up smoking by the age of 30 would almost completely avoid the risk of dying early from tobacco-related diseases.
Latest figures suggest a fifth of women in England smoke.
小题1:According to the research, light smokers____________.
| A．are not likely to suffer from heart problems |
| B．are more likely to suffer from heart problems than moderate ones |
| C．can go on smoking only if they don’t smoke much |
| D．have a high possibility of dying of heart disease |
| A．Nonsmokers wouldn’t die of sudden cardiac death |
| B．Most of the nurses concerned in the research were middle aged. |
| C．All age groups of people were involved in the research. |
| D．If the smokers had quit smoking, they wouldn’t have died of heart disease. |
| A．Raised risk | B．Ways of quitting smoking |
| C．Diseases related to smoking | D．Signs of heart disease |
| A．push | B．confidence | C．study | D．comparison |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:B
小题3:A
小题4:A
解析
试题分析：研究表明，烟瘾比较小的妇女，如一天只吸一根烟的人，也会增加她们患突发性心脏病的几率，作者建议最好的办法是戒烟。
小题1:细节题：从第二段的句子：Light-to-moderate smokers were twice as likely to die of sudden heart problems as those who had never smoked.可知烟抽的少的人比抽的多的人更有可能死于心脏病。选D
小题2:推理题：从第七段的句子：But in people who are older than this—as most of the nurses in the study were —it can be the first sign of coronary heart disease,可知推理出受测试的护士都是中年的，选B
小题3:段落大意题：下文的内容：During the study, there were 315 sudden cardiac deaths（心脏性猝死）——where the heart unexpectedly stops working.可知这部分讲的是：上升的危险，选A
小题4:猜词题：从后面的句子：this research adds to the wealth of evidence that stopping smoking is the single best thing you can do for your heart health.”可知这个调查增加了证据戒烟是为健康做的最好的事情，这也是戒烟的推动力，“nudge”=push，选A
举一反三
The only equipment you really need is a decent pair of walking shoes. What matters most is comfort. When you"re shopping for shoes:
●Wear the socks you plan to exercise in. That way you"ll get the best fit.
●Try on both shoes. Most people"s feet aren"t exactly the same size. Choose a pair that fits your larger foot.
●Allow a little extra room. Feet swell when you walk, so buy a pair with about a thumb"s width between your longest toe and the toe of the shoe.
Sure, walking comes naturally. But the following tips will help you stay comfortable and get the most out of your walk:
●Look ahead. Keep your neck straight and your head held high. If you have to look down to see where you"re going, lower your eyes, not your head.
●Move both arms. Let your arms swing naturally at your sides, and you"ll burn up to 15 percent more calories by keeping your arms moving.
●Don"t carry unnecessary weight. Some people try to get in extra exercise by carrying a couple of light dumbbells(哑铃), but fitness-walking experts say that"s risky: The weights can pull you off balance and tighten muscles in your back or legs.
Walking is one of the safest activities. Still, the following tips may be helpful:
●If you"re walking at night, wear a piece of reflective clothing.
●If the path is dimly lit, bring a good flashlight.
●When the weather"s hot, be sure to drink some water before you set out and better take a bottle of water with you if you plan to walk quite a long time.
●If your path is rough, protect your ankles. Consider wearing a comfortable bandage for support.
小题1:According to the text, which of the following is correct?
| A．Wearing a piece of reflective clothing can make you look smart. |
| B．Moving both arms while walking can help you lose more weight. |
| C．You should buy shoes with a little extra space for your smaller foot. |
| D．Losing weight by walking is always easy and effective without any danger. |
a. good walking shoes b. reflective clothing c. light dumb-bells
d. a flashlight e. a bandage f. a bottle of water
| A．a, b, c, d, e, f | B．a, c, d, e, f | C．a, b, d, e, f | D．a, d, e, f |
| A．He/She once got his/her legs injured while walking carrying light dumb-bells. |
| B．He/She might live in a small town with dimly lit streets. |
| C．He/She needs just a decent pair of walking shoes while walking. |
| D．He/She is quite experienced in the exercise of walking. |
Daily habits like eating more healthy food would have kept millions of families from becoming bankrupt if the patients had taken measures for early prevention. For instance, keeping a balanced diet, such as not consuming too much animal fat and insuring a steady intake of vegetables and frits, seems to be quite important.
One very effective and costless way of prevention is regular exercise, which is necessary for a healthy mind and body. Regular exercise, such as running, walking, and playing sports is a good way to make people feel better and reduce stress.
In addition, health education plays a key role in improving people’s health. By giving people more information about health, countries could help people understand the importance of disease prevention and ways to achieve it. For example, knowing one’s family medical history is an effective way to help keep healthy. Information about health problem among close relatives will make them aware of what they should do to prevent certain diseases through lifestyle changes, Which will work before it is too late.
However, stressing disease prevention does not mean medical treatment is unimportant. After all, prevention and treatment are just two different means toward the same effect. In conclusion, we could save money on health care and treat patients more successfully if our country spends more money on health prevention and education.
小题1:What’s the best title of the passage?
| A．Prevention or Education? | B．Prevention or Treatment? |
| C．Health or Illness? | D．Exercise or Illness? |
| A．Unable to be cured | B．Unable to pay one’s debts |
| C．Stronger than ever before | D．More successful than ever before |
| A．dressing warmly can prevent disease |
| B．a balanced diet is cheaper than regular exercise |
| C．the more health education, the better |
| D．the government’s health budget should be increased |
Unity, friendship, Progress, Harmony(和谐), Participation and Dream. It expresses the common wishes of people all over the world, inspired by the Olympic ideals ,to fight for a bright future of man kid.
_________the differences in colors, languages and races, we share the charm and joy of the Olympic Games, and together we seek for the ideal of mankind for peace. We belong to the same world and share the same dreams.
“One world, one dream”is a great proof of the main concepts(理念) of the Beijing Olympic Games. It shows the values of harmony suggested in the concept of “People’s Olympics”,the soul of the three concepts---”Green Olympics, High-tech Olympics and People’s Olympics.”
It is our belief that peace and progress, brotherhood development, living in amity(和睦),cooperation(合作)and mutual(相互的)benefit, and enjoying a happy life are the common ideals of people throughout the world.
“One world, one dream”is simple in expressions, but great in meaning .It is of China, and also of the world. It communicates the lofty(崇高的)ideal of the people in Beijing as well as in China to share the global community and civilization(文明) and to create a bright future hand in hand with the people from the rest of the world. It expresses the firm belief of a great nation, with a long history of 5,000 years and on its way towards modernization, which contributes to peaceful development, a harmonious society and people’s happiness. It voices the determination of all Chinese people to contribute to the building of a peaceful and bright world.
小题1:Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
We believe that it’s the ideal of people all over the world that we seek for peace and progress, harmony, friendship and we can work together, benefit each other and enjoy a happy life.
______________________________________________________________________________
小题2:Fill in the blank in the 2nd paragraph with a proper phrase.(within 5words)
_____________________________________________________________________________
小题3:What’s the main concepts of the Beijing Olympics?(within 10 words)
小题4:How do you find Beijing hosting the 29th Olympic Games?(within 30 words)
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
小题5:Translate the underlined sentence in the 1st paragraph into Chinese.
_____________________________________________________________________________
positive through the cold season could be your best against getting ill, new study findings suggest.
In an experiment that healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a sunny characteristic were less likely to ill. The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a “positive emotional style” can help the common cold and other illnesses.
Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness increasing immune(免疫的) function and subjective as in happy people being less by a scratchy throat or runny nose. “People with a positive emotional style may have different immune to the virus,” explained the lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. “And when they do get a cold, they may their illness as being less severe.”
Cohen and his colleagues had found in a study that happier people seemed less likely to catch a cold, but some questions remained as to whether the emotional tendency itself had the effect.
For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults with complete standard measures of personality tendency, health-consciousness and emotional “style”. Those who be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, those who were often unhappy, tense and unfriendly had a negative style. The researchers gave them drops through their noses either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days, the reported on any aches, pains, sneezing they had, while the researchers collected data, like daily mucus(黏液) production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes(鼻部的不适), happy people were less likely to develop a cold.
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The findings are based on a survey in 32 elementary schools of two German cities, Dortmund and Essen. The researchers, led by Rebecca Muckelbauer, a nutrionist at the Research Institute of Child Nutrition Dortmund, weighed about 3,000 children, and asked them about their beverage(饮料) consumption.
At the beginning of the school year, the experts had water fountains added to 17 of the schools. The scientists also worked with teachers to carry out educational programs that promote the benefits of drinking water. In contrast to schools in the United States, there are very few schools in Germany that have water fountains.
At the beginning of the study, there were no big differences in the number of overweight children in different groups. But by the end of the school year, children in the schools with water fountains were 31 percent less likely to gain extra pounds, compared to kids who went to other schools, where water drinking was not encouraged.
Children in the schools with fountains, increased their water consumption from about 3 up to 4 glasses a day, while those in the other schools continued to drink an average of 3 glasses. Over the research, the number of overweight kids upped from 384 to 385 out of 1,641 at the schools with water fountains. In comparison, the number of overweight kids at the other schools increased from 339 to 364 out of 1,309, Dr. Muckelbauer said.
The experts cannot make any final conclusions and explain why the students who were encouraged to drink water were less likely to gain extra weight. Dr. Muckelbauer noted that according to a few other studies, drinking of water increases the rate at which calories are burned, while some other research suggested that water may temporarily decrease appetite.
小题1:According to the text, the journal Pediatrics__________.
| A．may cover the subject of the health of children |
| B．mainly deals with the water drinking problem |
| C．is mainly about the mental health of kids |
| D．must be a journal entitled(授权) by a school |
| A．The teacher were also encouraged to drink water. |
| B．The students surveyed were all overweight. |
| C．It surveyed children in the countryside. |
| D．It lasted for a whole school year. |
| A．the technique used in the survey | B．the benefits of the survey |
| C．the process of the survey | D．the result of the survey |
| A．Drinking water definitely decreases appetite. |
| B．Further research is needed to confirm the finding. |
| C．The experts will encourage all the students to drink water. |
| D．Why students drinking more get less pounds will be clear soon. |
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