DParties, iPods, concerts, movies, TV shows, video games, traffic. All of these
题型：不详难度：来源：
D
Parties, iPods, concerts, movies, TV shows, video games, traffic. All of these things of the modern world make life entertaining and enjoyable. But our 21st-century lifestyle is also loud and, if we don’t take notice, it can have an effect on our hearing.
Most teenagers don’t think about hearing loss. But if you experience any of the following symptoms（症状）, you may already be hearing damaged: you make efforts to hear normal talk, you have to turn up the TV or radio so high that others complain, you watch other people’s expressions to understand what they are saying, you ask people to repeat themselves, you misunderstand what people are saying or you hear ringing in your ears.
iPods and other MP3 players are as common as the clothes you wear, and just as fashionable. But if you turn up an iPod to more than 60 percent of its maximum volume（最大音量）, and listen to music for more than an hour, you are asking for trouble. And, it does not matter if the music you play is classical, rock or heavy metal.
Some researchers find that young people who break the so-called 60-percent/60-minute rule in listening to iPods are at the risk of suffering hearing loss.
Why is an iPod dangerous? With ear buds placed directly in the ear canal and high-volume music played over a long period of time, it’s like working in a loud factory all day, being a maintenance（修理）person under a jet airplane or using a jackhammer（手提钻）on a building site.
Similarly, iPod music can cause a short time or permanent（永久的）hearing damage. A loud iPod can cause a ruptured（破裂的）eardrum and, over time, may cause permanent damage to the tiny hairs in the inner ear. If these tiny hairs are damaged, they cannot effectively send sounds to the auditory nerves（听觉神经）that connect to the brain. If this happens, hearing loss becomes permanent.
小题1:Which of the following shows that you are suffering hearing loss?| A．You are interested to listen to others’ talking. | | B．You have to read others’ expressions to understand them. | | C．You can only understand others over the phone. | | D．You always think you hear the ringing of the phone. |
小题2: Which of the following is TRUE when you listen to music?| A．Listen at least an hour every time. | | B．Turn up the volume to the highest level. | | C．keep the sound lower than 60% of its highest volume. | | D．Choose classical, rock or heavy metal music. |
小题3:What is the correct order of causing permanent hearing loss?
a. The eardrum is broken.
b. The auditory nerves cannot receive sounds.
c. Tiny hairs are damaged.
d. Ear buds are placed directly in the ear canal.
e. High-volume music is played over a long time.| A．d-a-c-b-e | B．e-c-a-b-d | C．b-c-a-d-e | D．d-e-a-c-b |
小题4:This passage is mainly about .| A．music that teenagers like | B．hearing problems caused by the loud world | | C．ways that teenagers enjoy music | D．dangerous modern lifestyles of teenagers. |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:D
小题4:B |
解析
试题分析：本文叙述了开聚会，听ipod、音乐会、电影、电视剧、游戏、交通等所有这些事情使现代生活充满快乐的。但是有时人们不注意开的音量特别大，以致于影响了他人同时对自己的听力也有所伤害，本文还介绍了对耳朵伤害的各种情况。
小题1:细节理解题。根据you may already be hearing damaged: you make efforts to hear normal talk, you have to turn up the TV or radio so high that others complain, you watch other people’s expressions to understand what they are saying,你必须读别人的表情来了解他们，故选B。
小题2:细节理解题。根据But if you turn up an iPod to more than 60 percent of its maximum volume（最大音量）, and listen to music for more than an hour, you are asking for trouble.保持声音低于60%的最高音量，故选C。
小题3:细节理解题。根据倒数第二段With ear buds placed directly in the ear canal and high-volume music played over a long period of time,和最后一段A loud iPod can cause a ruptured（破裂的）eardrum and, over time, may cause permanent damage to the tiny hairs in the inner ear. If these tiny hairs are damaged, they cannot effectively send sounds to the auditory nerves（听觉神经）that connect to the brain. If this happens, hearing loss becomes permanent.故选D。
小题4:主旨大意题。根据纵观全文主要谈的声音太大引起的听力问题，故选B。
点评：细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要学生读懂文章，就能得分，属于低层次题。而语义理解题须将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换才能得出结论。这类题目要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义，从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。 |
举一反三
B
L1PITOR
ABOUT LIPITOR
Lipitor is a prescription medicine．Along with diet and exercise，it lowers “bad，’cholesterol(胆固醇)in your blood．It can also raise “good"’ cholesterol.
Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patients with several common risk factors，
including family history of early heart disease，high blood pressure，age and smoking.
| WHO IS LIPITOR FOR?
Who can take LIPITOR：
．People who cannot lower their cholesterol enough with diet and exercise
· Adults and children over l0
Who should NOT take LIPITOR：
．Women who are pregnant，may be pregnant，or may become pregnant. Lipitor may harm
your unborn baby.
．women who are breast-feeding．Lipitor can pass into your breast milk and may harm
your baby.
· People with liver(肝脏)problems
| POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF LIPITOR
Serious side effects in a small number of people：
．Muscle(肌肉)problems that can lead to kidney(肾脏)problems，including kidney failure
．Liver problems．Your doctor may do blood tests to check your liver before you start
Lipitor and while you are taking it．
Call your doctor right away if you have：
．Unexplained muscle pain or weakness，especially if you have a fever or feel very fired
．Swelling of the face，lips，tongue，and／or throat that may cause difficulty in breathing or
swallowing
· Stomach pain
Some common side effects of LIPITOR are：
· Muscle pain
· Upset stomach
· Changes in some blood tests
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HOW TO TAKE LIPITOR
DO：
．Take Lipitor as prescribed by your doctor.
．Try to eat heart-healthy foods while you take Lipitor.
．Take Lipitor at any time of day, with or without food.
．If you miss a dose(一剂)，take it as soon as you remember. But if it has been more than
12 hours since your missed dose，wait．Take the next dose at your regular time.
Don’t：
．Do not change or stop your dose before talking to your doctor.
．Do not start new medicines before talking to your doctor.
|
小题1:Taking Lipitor is helpful for _________ .| A．breast-feeding women | | B．women who are pregnant | | C．adults having heart disease | | D．teenagers with liver problems． |
小题2:If it has been over 12 hours since you missed a dose, you should __________,| A．change the amount of your next dose | B．eat more when taking your next dose | | C．have a dose as soon as you remember | D．take the next dose at your regular time |
小题3:Which of the following is a common side effect of taking Lipitor?| A．Face swelling. | B．Upset stomach. | | C．Kidney failure. | D．Muscle weakness. |
小题4:What is the main purpose of the passage?| A．To teach patients ways for quick recovery. | | B．To present a report on a scientific research. | | C．To show the importance of a good lifestyle. | | D．To give information about a kind of medicine. |
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Short people, studies have shown , are more likely to have a stroke , suffer from high blood pressures and heart disease and be bullied in school .
Now, researchers report that short people—at least in the past—were also more likely to die at a younger age than their taller peers.
Their study, published in the Journal of Epidemiology (流行病学) and Community Health , found that short bones have something to do with short life for more than 1,000 years. The conclusion was based on 490 sets of adult skeletal(骨架) remains from an archaeological(考古学的) site in northeastern England , YC dating from the 9th century to about 1850 .
About 55% of men and 73% of women died before the age of 45, and 39% of men and 56% of women died before age 30. The risk of death before age 30 declined as bone length increased.
“This study provides evidence from an archaeological sample that long bone length is connected with age at death—those with smaller bones tend to die younger,” according to Dr. D.J. Gunnell of the university of Bristol in the UK and colleagues .
While it is not clear why short stature(身材) might be linked to earlier death , the researchers point out that height is an indicator of childhood nutrition, which may have long-lasting effect on health .
“Mechanism (身体结构) for height-mortality(死亡) associations in the past may differ from those today , for example , short stature may have increased the risk of death in childbirth and this may explain the higher risk of premature(未成熟的) mortality in women,” Gunnell and colleagues write .
“However, short bones, it would appear, have always been a marker of a short life,” the authors conclude.
小题1:The title of the passage should be .| A．Short people and their taller peers | | B．Men and women | | C．Short stature and short life | | D．Long life and short life |
小题2:“An indicator” in Paragraph 6 means .| A．a study | B．a marker | C．a risk | D．an age |
小题3:Which of the following statements is Not true according to the passage?| A．People with smaller bones were more likely to die younger. | | B．Women were more likely to die at a young age. | | C．Short-stature women bear higher risk of death in giving birth to babies. | | D．Most people were more likely to die at the age of 30 in the past. |
小题4:Short stature may be caused by .| A．less childhood nutrition | B．heart disease | | C．some illnesses | D．high blood pressure |
小题5:The topic in this passage is probably connected with | A．space medicine | B．sports medicine | | C．social medicine | D．industrial medicine |
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Salt plays an important role in our daily diet. Even a small reduction in salt in the diet can be a big help to the heart. A new study used a computer model to predict -how just three grams less a day would affect heart disease in the United States.
The result: Thirteen percent fewer heart attacks. Eight percent fewer strokes. Four percent fewer deaths. Eleven percent fewer new cases of heart disease. And two hundred forty billion dollars in health care savings. Researchers found it could prevent one hundred thousand heart attacks and ninety-two thousand deaths every year．
The study is in the New England Journal of Medicine. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo at the University of California San Francisco was the lead author. She says people would not even notice a difference in taste with three grams,or one-half teaspoon, less salt per day. The team also included researchers at Stanford and Columbia University. Each gram of salt contains four hundred milligrams of sodiu(钠), which is how foods may list their salt content．
The government says the average American man eats ten grams of salt a day. The American Heart Association advises no more than three grams for healthy people. It says salt in the American diet has increased fifty percent since the nineteen seventies, while blood pressures have also risen. Less salt can mean a lower blood pressure.
New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg is leading an effort called the National Salt Reduction Initiative.The idea is to put pressure on food companies and restaurants. Critics call it government interference.
Mayor Bloomberg has already succeeded in other areas, like requiring fast food places in the city to list calorie information. Now a study by the Seattle Children"s Research Institute shows that the calorie information on the menu can influence what parents order for their children. Ninety-nine parents of three to six year olds took part. Half had calories between the two groups for foods that the parents would have chosen for themselves. McDonald"s menus clearly showing how many calories were in each food. Parents given the counts chose an average of one hundred two fewer calories when asked what they would order for their children. Yet there was no difference in calories between the two groups for foods that the parents would have chosen for themselves.
Study leader Pooja Tandon says even small calorie reductions on a regular basis can prevent weight gain over time.The study was published in the journal Pediatrics．
小题1:Which of the following benefits does less salt diet in the passage NOT cover?| A．The decrease of strokes | B．The prevention of weight gain | | C．Fewer heart attacks | D．The drop in medical care cost |
小题2:It can be inferred from the passage that _______.| A．Americans ate no more than 5 grams of salt per day in the 1970s | | B．the American Heart Association suggests less than 3 grams of salt a day for everyone | | C．the less salt one eats, the healthier he will be | | D．all the heart diseases result from eating too much salt |
小题3:The National Salt Reduction Initiative aims to_______.| A．inform people of the harm that salt does to health | | B．attract the public attention to the problem | | C．require fast food places to list salt information | | D．put pressure on food companies and restaurants |
小题4:The underlined sentence "Yet there was no difference in calories between the two groups for foods that the parents would have chosen for themselves." implies that _______.| A．Parents pay less attention to the amount of calories in their diet. | | B．Parents set a good example to their children in daily diet. | | C．Parents take less salt than before while taking meals. | | D．Most parents are on a diet for their health. |
小题5:Which of the following might be the best title for this passage? | A．Relationship between Salt and Health | | B．Less Salt Can Mean Being More Healthy | | C．A Survey on People"s Regular Diet | | D．Mayor Michael Bloomberg and His Health Project |
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Everyone needs water and a diet ___小题1:___healthy foods. These foods should __小题2:___some fat, some fiber, a little salt and so on.
People need energy to live. They eat all kinds of foods___小题3:__change into energy. Our bodies use different __小题4:___of energy. The energy is measured in calories(卡路里).The more __小题5:___we take, the more calories we burn. Even when you are _小题6:___you are using energy ---about 65calories an hour. While you are at school, or walking home, your body is __小题7:__up 100 calories an hour. When playing football or basketball, you might be using 400 calories an hour. On _小题8:___Day, during the relay race, you will use most of all, perhaps as___小题9:__as 650 calories an hour.
The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world. It contains a lot of fruit and green vegetables. It is __小题10:___in fiber and low in sugar and fat. The Chinese eat less sugar than many___小题11:___countries in the world. That is __小题12:___lots of people in China have white teeth.
People in the western world do no eat ___小题13:__healthy foods. They eat too much fat and sugar and don’t take __小题14:___exercise.Because of this, they _小题15:___weight very easily. In order to __小题16:___with the quick pace(步伐)of their life and work , they eat a lot of fast food . They eat a lot of sweets, soft drinks, potato crisp, chocolates, butter and ice cream and so on, ___小题17:__are called __小题18:__food by some epicureans (美食家).The result is that many of them become fat. In order to avoid __小题19:___fat and __小题20:___it is advisable (明智的)to eat a balanced diet and not eat too many foods that have a high calorie rating.
| 小题22: | | A．include | B．hold | C．contain | D．make up |
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| 小题24: | | A．numbers | B．amounts | C．plenty | D．deal |
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| 小题25: | | A．exercise | B．lesson | C．sport | D．games |
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| 小题26: | | A．waken | B．running | C．working | D．asleep |
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| 小题27: | | A．running | B．adding | C．burning | D．wasting |
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| 小题28: | | A．Children | B．Work | C．Sports | D．Teacher |
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| 小题29: | | A．much | B．many | C．few | D．little |
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| 小题30: | | A．poor | B．low | C．rich | D．plenty |
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| 小题31: | | A．more | B．other | C．rest | D．others |
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小题32:A why B. because C. because of D. since
小题33:A so B. very C. much D. such
| 小题34: | | A．a number of | B．too much | C．masses of | D．enough |
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| 小题35: | | A．lose weight | B．put on | C．die | D．stay healthy |
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| 小题36: | | A．keep up | B．carry on | C．keep on | D．go on |
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| 小题38: | | A．bad | B．disease | C．healthy | D．junk |
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| 小题39: | | A．to get | B．becoming | C．to become | D．get |
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| 小题40: | | A．keep thin | B．keep fit | C．stay calm | D．fall ill |
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As an English saying goes, “Laughter is the best medicine.” Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. They have found that laughter really can improve people’s health.
Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films while doctors checked their heart, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, makes the heart beat quicker and makes people breathe deeper; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial.
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs. The group that tolerated (忍耐) the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemical in the brain which diminishes both stress and pain.
As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics, in which they help to improve their patients’ condition by encouraging them to laugh. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.
小题1:Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? | A．Laughter can make people breathe deeper | | B．Laughter can make you become old quickly. | | C．Laughter helps to reduce pain. | | D．Laughter, just like physical exercise, is good for our body. |
小题2:The underlined word “diminishes” in the third paragraph means “_________”. | A．delays | B．prevents | C．increases | D．reduces |
小题3:Why do doctors hold laughter clinics? | A．Because they want to earn more money. | | B．Because they think they will help the patients recover from illnesses. | | C．Because they want to improve their patients’ health. | | D．Because they want their patients to laugh more. |
小题4:According to the author, we should __________ in our life. | A．laugh as much as possible | B．watch more funny films | | C．smile all the time | D．spend time in the laughter clinics |
小题5:What would be the best title for this passage? | A．Both laughter and physical exercise are good for health. | | B．Laughter clinics can help patients improve their condition. | | C．Laughter can reduce the effect of pain. | | D．Laughter is the best medicine. |
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