阅读理解 If you"re training for a marathon , a proper plan for water intake (摄入)
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| 阅读理解 |
If you"re training for a marathon , a proper plan for water intake (摄入) is important . Of course , there"s
the risk of dehydration (脱水) . But athletes now know they can also get into trouble by drinking to much .
To much water intake can lower levels of sodium (钠) in the blood . The death of a 28-year-old woman
following the Boston Marathon caught the attention of many runners and led to new research .
Experts advise long distance runners to replace the liquids they sweat out . Their goal is to try to keep
someone from not getting dehydrated by more than 2 percent of their body weight .
One technique for deciding how much water you need is to get the exact numbers . Runners have to
weight themselves before and after a run to determine how much water they"ve lost . If their weight drops
by more than 2 percent , they have not drunk enough water.
Hyponatremia occurs when runners drink so much water that blood salt levels drop off . A study
published last year tested 488 runners who completed the Boston Marathon and found 13 percent of them
had dangerously low blood salt levels . The first sign that runners may notice is slightly swelling in the
hands . They can"t get their rings off , and then they might feel sick . They may not remember where they
are . In fact , most runners get enough salt to get back to normal levels by eating just one meal after a run .
Contrary to the old advice that runners should drink as much as they can to prevent dehydration , the new
research has shown that the body is a remarkable machine that actually tells you via thirst when you need
water . |
| 1．The author of this passage is primarily concerned with . |
A．the signs and treatment for dehydration
B．the long distance runners who need help
C．how to manage water intake during a marathon
D．a 28-year-old woman who died after a Boston Marathon |
| 2．Why do runners have to weigh themselves before and after a run ? |
A．They can improve their performance in a run .
B．They can learn how much salt there is in the blood .
C．They ca know the quantity of water they"ve lost during a run .
D．They can decide what kind of water they should take during a run . |
| 3．What conclusion can we draw from the passage ? |
A．Taking much salt during a run can avoid selling in the body .
B．Either too much or to little of water intake is harmful .
C．A rich meal is helpful to our performance in a run .
D．We should take enough salt during a run . |
| 4．According the passage, which of the following statements is correct ? |
A．Too much water intake→blood sodium levels ?→dehydration .
B．Too much water intake→blood salt levels ?→hyponatremia .
C．No water intake→blood sodium levels↑→hyponatremia .
D．No water intake →blood salt levels ?→hyponatrenmia . |
答案
| 1-4. CCBB |
举一反三
| 阅读理解 |
A car needs gas to run and your body also needs food to work for you. Eating the right kind of
food is very important. It can help your body grow strong, so take care of what you eat.
There are four main food groups altogether. The dairy group(乳制品) has food like milk,
cheese and sour milk. The other three groups are the meat and fish group, the fruit and
vegetable group, and the bread and rice group. Each meal should have at least one food from all
four main groups. With all these food together, you will be given enough energy during the day.
It is easy to get into bad eating habits. You may eat your breakfast in a hurry to get to school
on time. Or you may not have time for a good lunch. It may seem easy to finish your supper with
fish and chips all the time. But you will find yourself tired in these days and you can not think
quickly.
Watching what you eat will help keep your body healthy and strong. It is also good to take so
me exercise. It will help you eat more if you take a walk or play games in the open air. Having a
good eating habit with some exercise is the key to your health.
1. Which of the following diets do you think is the best one?
A. Milk, bread, cabbage and beef.
B. Eggs, tomatoes and chicken.
C. Corn, fish, cream and pork.
D. Rice, beancurd, apples, fish and chicken.
2. Which of the following is a good eating habit?
A. Going to school without any breakfast.
B. Eating fish and chips for supper all the time.
C. Finishing your lunch in a very short time.
D. Having at least one food from all four groups each meal.
3. In the passage the writer mainly tells us that _____.
A. every person needs food to grow well
B. taking exercise can keep your body strong
C. right kind of food with exercise will keep you healthy
D. enough energy helps people think more quickly
4. The best title for the passage is _____.
A. The Four Food Groups
B. A Healthy Diet
C. Your Body and Food
D. The key to Your Health |
| 阅读理解 |
Edward Wilson is America"s, if not the world"s, leading naturalist. In The Future of Life, he takes us
on a tour of the world"s natural resources (资源). How are they used? What has been lost? What
remains and is it able to continue with the present speed of use? Wilson also points out the need to
understand fully the biodiversity (生物多样性) of our earth.
Wilson begins with an open letter to the pioneer in environment (环境) protection, Henry David
Thoreau. He compares today"s Walden Pond with that of Thoreau"s day. Wilson will use such
comparisons for the rest of the book. The problem is clear: man has done great damage to his home over
the years. Can the earth, with human help, be made to return to biodiversity levels that will be able to
support us in the future?
Biodiversity, Wilson argues, is the key to settling many problems the earth faces today. Even our
agricultural crops can gain advantages from it. A mere hundred species (物种) are the basis of our food
supply, of which but twenty carry the load. Wilson suggests changing this situation by looking into ten
thousand species that could be made use of, which will be a way to reduce the clearing of the natural
homes of plants and animals to enlarge farming areas.
At the end of the book, Wilson discusses the importance of human values in considering the
environment. If you are to continue to live on the earth, you may well read and act on the ideas in this
book.
1. We learn from the text that Wilson cares most about ______.
A. the environment for plants
B. the biodiversity of our earth
C. the waste of natural resources
D. the importance of human values
2. How many species are most important to our present food supply?
A. Twenty.
B. Eighty.
C. One hundred.
D. Ten thousand.
3. Wilson suggests that one way to keep biodiversity is to ______.
A. learn how to farm scientifically
B. build homes for some dying species
C. make it clear what to eat
D. use more species for food
4. We can infer that the text is ________.
A. a description of natural resources
B. a research report
C. a book review
D. an introduction to a scientist |
| 阅读理解 |
There are several advantages in planting trees:they firm the soil, soak(渗透) up extra water and take
carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere. However, it now turns out that planting trees could add to global
warming. We all know that tree roots do a great job of keeping soil firmly on the ground and out of the
wind"s power. The problem is that some of the dust clouds play an important part in soaking up carbon
dioxide.
Huge dust storms blow out over the oceans from dry parts of North Africa and Central Asia. Tons
of dust are lifted and left as a thin film over the ocean surface.
Dust from China is carried east and left in the Pacific Ocean. If a treeplanting programme there is
successful and the dust supply reduced, the net result may be that less carbon dioxide gets locked away
in the ocean.
Andy, an environmental scientist has spent the past few years studying dust and says his work shows
clearly the complexity of the system. For this reason the need is to focus on cutting carbon dioxide giving
off rather than doing anything else.
Robert, an American scientist, has shown that when native grassland areas are invaded by trees,
carbon is lost from the soil. "We are studying why the soil carbon disappears, but one theory is that trees
do a lot more of their growing above ground compared to grass, so less carbon goes directly into the soil
from trees." said Robert.
In wet areas of the world, the gain from trees absorbing carbon dioxide above ground seems to be
outweighed by the loss of carbon from the soil below ground.
Countries that plan to fight against global warming by planting trees may have to think again. Solutions
to environmental problems are often more complex than they first appear, and understanding the Earth"s
climate is a very great challenge.
1. People usually hold the opinion that ________.
A. huge dust storms can destroy carbon dioxide
B. planting trees could reduce global warming
C. huge dust storms can destroy the oceans on the Earth
D. planting trees is the only way to control huge dust storms
2. Andy, an environmental scientist, believes that________.
A. environmental problems are more complex than expected
B. trees shouldn"t have been planted in dry places
C. dust plays a more important part than trees
D. carbon dioxide is harmful to everything
3. Robert"s experiment proves that ________.
A. trees absorb more carbon than grass
B. carbon can turn grass into dust
C. less carbon can make trees grow faster
D. grassland areas should be covered by forests
4. The best title for this passage is "________".
A. The importance of planting trees
B. The dust clouds soak up carbon dioxide
C. Is it really useful to plant trees to reduce global warming?
D. Why the soil carbon disappears |
| 阅读理解 |
Cancer is feared by everyone. And there is more and more fear about cancer. Not the disease
itself -there is no such thing as a high incidence rates (发生率)of cancer . Except for lung cancer,
mostly caused by cigarette smoking ,the incidence rates are not on the rise. However, some kinds
of cancer are decreasing. But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country stands at risk of an
anxiety. The earth itself is coming to seem like a huge carcinogen(致癌物). The ordinary, more or
less, scientific statement that something between 80 and 90 percent of all cancers are due to things
in the environment is taken to mean that none of us will be safe until the whole environment is
"cleaned up." This is not at all the meaning.
The 80-percent calculation is based on the unthinkable differences in the incidence of cancer
in various societies around the world - for example, the high incidence of liver cancer in Africa and
the Far East, stomach cancer in Japan, breast cancer in Western Europe and North America, and
the relatively low figures for breast cancer in Japan and parts of Africa and for liver cancer in America.
These data shows there may be specific environmental influences, but largely based on personal
life-style, which determines the incidence of various forms of cancer in different communities - that is
all the data suggests. The overall incidence of cancer, counting up all the cases, is probable roughly
the same everywhere.
1. According to the passage, the incidence of cancer is generally believed _____.
A. to be based on inactive life style
B. to be due to anxiety
C. to result from environmental influences
D. to be caused by heavy smoking
2. It can be inferred from the passage that the writer"s opinion about the relationship between
cancer and environment is_____.
A. positive
B. negative
C. neutral
D. approving
3. According to the passage, the writer seems to feel that_____.
A. cancer risk is on the rise
B. the whole earth resembles a huge carcinogen
C. the risk of catching cancer is not so great as most people think
D. cancer can be cured sooner or later
4. Which of the following would be the best TITLE for the passage?
A. Cancer and Environment
B. The Fear Caused by Cancers
C. Data on Cancer Incidence
D. Cancer and its Investigation |
| 阅读理解 |
Cut out part of a healthy person"s liver and transplant it into a sick person--it sounds like a
complicated and dangerous operation , not to mention very expensive. But it is sometimes the
only possible cure for a seriously ill patient with liver disease.
Until now British scientists have just announced a new stem cell technique, which allows them
to grow healthy liver cells outside human bodies. According to the researchers, it could be another
five to 10 years before the technique can actually be used to help patients with liver disease.
However, they say the method might one day replace liver transplants altogether. The study was
led by the University of Cambridge and the Welcome Trust Sanger Institute, a British genomics
and genetics research institute. It was published in the journal nature on October 12,2011.
The researchers took skin cells from a patient with a mutation (变异) in a gene called
alphal-antitrypsin (a-l抗胰蛋白酶). This gene makes a protein that protects our bodies against
inflammation (炎症). People with changed or damaged alphal-antitrypsin are not able to release
the protein correctly from the liver, so the protein is trapped there and eventually leads to liver
cirrhosis (肝硬化).
Scientists then used an advanced technique to cut away the faulty section of DNA from a stem
cell and replace it with a corrected one, according to the journal. The stem cells went on to produce
fresh and healthy liver cells with normal protein levels. Scientists put the new liver cells into mice
and found that they worked very well.
Stem cells are the life source of all other cells in the body. They could transform medicine,
providing treatment for blindness, spinal cord injuries and other serous injuries. They could also be
used to produce new cells for damaged organs.
David Lomas, a Cambridge biology professor who worked on the team, said: "If we can use a
patient"s own skins cells to produce liver cells that we can put back into the patient, we may prevent
the future need for transplantation. "
1. what is the best title of this passage?
A. How to transplant liver for patients
B. A new way to transplant livers for patients
C. The difficulty in curing liver patients
D. New life for liver patients
2. The first paragraph is written to _______.
A. show how difficult it is to cure liver disease
B. tell us what a liver transplant involves
C. introduce a potential cure for liver disease
D. show how serious liver disease can be
3.Why do some people get liver cirrhosis according to the article?
A. Because their bodies are lacking in alphal-antitrypsin.
B. Because their skin cells are not able to protect against inflammation.
C. Because the alphal-antitrypsin in their bodies is changed or damaged.
D. Because their liver releases too high a level of protein.
4. According to British scientists, liver transplant might ___________.
A. become history sooner or later
B. be replaced by a new stem cell technique in five years
C. be the only possible cure liver disease in the future
D. be prevented in the future
5. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Stem cells can keep liver cells healthy and fresh.
B. Equaling medicine, stem cells can cure blindness, spinal cord injuries and other serous injuries
C. Stem cells can replace the damaged organs.
D. All other cells in the body can"t work well without stem cells
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