阅读理解 Doctors recognize obesity as a health problem. So why is it so hard for
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| 阅读理解 |
Doctors recognize obesity as a health problem. So why is it so hard for them to talk to their patients
about it?
The results of two surveys, one of primary care physicians and the other of patients, found that while
most doctors want to help patients lose weight and think it is their responsibility to do so, they often don"t
know what to say.
So while doctors may tell patients they are overweight, the conversation often ends there, said
Christine C. Ferguson, director of the Stop_Obesity_Alliance. Without being told about options for
diabetes, she said, "Doctors don"t feel they have good information to give. They felt they didn"t have
adequate tools to address this problem."
The lack of dialogue hurts patients, too. The patient survey, of over 1,000 adults, found that most
overweight patients don"t even know that they" re too heavy. Only 39 percent of overweight people
surveyed had ever been told by a health care provider that they were overweight.
Of those who were told they were obese,90 percent were also told by their doctors to lose weight,
the survey found. In fact most have tried to lose weight and may have been successful in the past-and
many are still trying, the survey found. And many understand that losing even a small amount of weight
can have a positive impact on their health and reduce their risk of obesityrelated diseases like
hypertension and diabetes.
Dr. William Bestermann Jr., medical director of Holston Medical Group, in Kingsport, Tenn. , which
ranks the 10th in obesity among metropolitan areas in the United States, said the dialogue had to be an
ongoing one and could not be dropped after just one mention of the problem. "If you"re to be successful
with helping your patients lose weight, you have to talk to them at actually every visit about their progress, and find something to encourage them and coach them, " he said.
He acknowledged that many doctors tend to be not optimistic.
"Part of this is that there"s this common belief, and doctors are burdened by it, too, that overweight
people are weakwilled and just don"t have any willpower and are selfindulgent and all that business, "he
said. "If you think that way, you"re not going to spend time having a productive conversation."
1. What is the "Stop Obesity Alliance" most probably in Paragraph 3?
A. An organization of doctors specializing in obesity.
B. An organization of patients suffering from obesity.
C. A research group that conducts special surveys about overweight people.
D. A research group dealing with doctorpatient relationship.
2. How many of the patients surveyed have been advised by their doctors to lose weight?
A. About 350.
B. About 390.
C. About 900.
D. 1,000.
3. What can be inferred about obesity patients in Paragraph 5?
A. They are not as hopeless as doctors think they are.
B. Most of them have tried hard to lose weight, but in vain.
C. Without their doctors" constant coaching, there is little chance of their succeeding in losing weight.
D. Most of them have just given up their hope of becoming less heavy.
4. According to the passage, which factor contributes to the lack of dialogue between doctors
and patients?
A. Most doctors just never think of warning their patients about their weight problem.
B. Many doctors find it difficult to persuade overweight people to lose weight.
C. Most patients are too weakwilled to do anything about their weight.
D. Many patients tend not to trust their doctors about their weight problem.
5. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. Obesity in the US
B. Trouble of Overweight Americans
C. Talk More, Help Better
D. Doctors or Patients-Who to Bear More Blame? |
答案
| 1-5: BAABC |
举一反三
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The World Health Organization is using a new combination of drugs to treat African trypanosomiasis
disease,also known as sleeping sickness. The drugs will be given out in Uganda and the Democratic
Republic of the Congo.
Officials says the new treatment has fewer side effects. It is also more effective and less costly than
the drugs traditionally used. In addition,the new treatment reduces the number of injections needed. And
it shortens the amount of time patients must spend in hospital.
Sleeping sickness threatens millions of people in 36 countries in Africa. Most live in poor rural areas.
The disease is caused by the trypanosoma parasite(寄生物). It is spread to humans through the bite of
infected tsetse flies. Common signs of sleeping sickness include fever,headaches,extreme tiredness and
pain in the muscles and joints. Early identification of the disease may be difficult because many infected
people do not show any immediate symptoms. Over time,the parasites invade the central nervous system. The disease causes sleep disorders,mental confusion,personality changes and speech problems. If left
untreated,sleeping sickness kills.
It"s estimated that about 60,000 people are currently infected with the disease. It develops in two
different forms. Trypanosoma gambiense is responsible for 90% of the reported cases of sleeping
sickness. People infected with this form may develop the disease over many years without any major
symptoms. Until now the drug melarsoprol is used to treat patients in the advanced stage of sleeping
sickness. But the drug requires many painful injections several times a day for several weeks. It also
causes bad side effects,some of which can be deadly.
In Uganda,a new study has confirmed earlier research linking the spread of sleeping sickness to
infected farm animals. The writers of the study have called for stronger rules requiring cattle to be treated
before being sold at market.
1. The following are the advantages of the new treatment EXCEPT ________.
A. having an intended effect
B. low price
C. reducing injections and hospitalization
D. no bad side effects
2. It is hard to identify sleeping sickness in the early stage because ________.
A. it is spread to humans through the bite of infected tsetse flies
B. the infected patients live in poor conditions
C. there are so many infected people in Africa
D. the symptoms of the disease doesn"t occur at once
3. Which of the following statements is WRONG?
A. Nine people in ten infected with sleeping sickness in Africa result from trypanosoma gambiense.
B. The invasion of sleeping sickness may lead to death.
C. The drug melarsoprol is used to treat patients in the early stage of sleeping sickness.
D. There are many disadvantages for the drug melarsoprol to control sleeping sickness.
4. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________.
A. farm animals infected by trypanosoma parasite is a main source of sleeping sickness
B. all the animals must be get rid of by the government
C. there isn"t any rules requiring cattle to be treated before being sold at market in Uganda
D. cattle is forbidden to enter the market before being infected by trypanosoma parasite
5. The passage is primarily written to ________.
A. explain the importance of good sleep habits
B. provide the latest medical treatment information
C. prevent African trypanosomiasis disease
D. introduce the common signs of sleeping sickness |
| 阅读理解 |
How has smoking been controlled in recent years?
People were asked to stop smoking in a range of public places-such as doctors" surgeries,cinemas,
theatres and churches-over the second half of the 20th century but it was after the King"s Cross
Underground fire on November 18,1987,caused by a cigarette end which resulted in 31 deaths,that
restrictions on smoking in public places gained rapid and widespread acceptance.
How did a ban on smoking in public places come into place?
In 1998 the Smoking Kills White Paper set out a national strategy to reduce smoking prevalence(流
行)and passive smoking,including in public places. The measures were voluntary and poorly carried out.
After a public conference in England in 2004,the Government decided to choose for lawmaking.
Scotland went first,with a ban in 2006,followed by the other nations a year later.
What is the current law?
Any person who smokes in enclosed public places,including pubs,offices,on public transport and
work vehicles,is breaking the law. It does not extend to private houses. It is also an offence for people
in charge of premises to permit others to smoke in them.
How was it received?
It was welcomed by most organizations-except for some pub owners and restaurateurs. Many
workplaces in the UK had already introduced smokefree policies consistent with the legislation(法律,
法规)before it was carried out,while others have gone beyond its basic requirements.
All railway facilities,including platforms,footbridges and other areas-whether or not fitting the
definition of an enclosed public space-are covered,as are all football grounds and some cricket and
athletics stadiums. School grounds are not required to be smokefree under the legislation,but the majority
now are.
How has it been forced?
Compliance(服从)in public premises has been high,with inspections suggesting that 99 percent of
places were sticking to the rules.The number of people charged for smoking in cars has been very low,
which was due to the problems defining and identifying "work" vehicles. They said that a total ban on
smoking in vehicles would end this confusion.
Has it improved health?
Studies in early adopters of the law,including in Scotland,suggest a reduction in hospital admissions for
heart disease,which has been shown to be linked to passive smoking. There is also strong evidence of
improved rates of smoking end and a drop in the number of cigarettes consumed by those who continue
to smoke.
1. When did the first law come out to ban smoking in public places?
A. 1987.
B. 1998.
C. 2004.
D. 2006.
2. Which of the following behaviors may NOT be against the law?
A. Jack often smokes in the office when he is alone.
B. A taxi driver is smoking with a lady in his car.
C. Tom smokes while thinking of his future at home.
D. Max smokes for relaxation during timeout in the stadium.
3. Who might feel unhappy about the law according to the article?
A. A restaurant owner.
B. A company manager.
C. A car owner.
D. A policy maker.
4. What can you infer from the article?
A. Most heart diseases have been proved to be linked to passive smoking.
B. A new law will soon come out with a total ban on smoking in vehicles.
C. The 1987 fire has convinced more people that smoking is bad for health.
D. Most of the school grounds are not smokefree,as it is not banned in the law. |
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Imagine a classroom missing the one thing that"s long been considered a necessary part to reading
and writing paper.No notebooks, no textbooks, no test paper.Nor are there any pencils or pens, which
always seem to run out of ink at the critical moment.A"paperless classroom"is what more and more
schools are trying to achieve.
Students don"t do any handwriting in this class.Instead, they use palm size, or speciallydesigned
computers.The teacher downloads texts from Internet libraries and sends them to every student"s
personal computer.
Having computers also means that students can use the Web.They can look up information on any
subject they"re studying from maths to social science.
High school teacher Judy Herrell in Florida, US, described how her class used the Web to learn
about the war in Afganistan(阿富汗) over one year ago.
"We could touch every side of the country through different sites from the forest to refugee camps
(难民营), "she said."Using a book that"s three or four years old is impossible."
And exams can go online too.At a high school in Tennessee, US, students take tests on their own
computers.The teacher records the grades on the network for everyone to see and then copies them to
his own electronic grade book.
A paperless classroom is a big step towards reducing the waste of paper. High school teacher
Stephanie Sorrell in Kentucky US said she used to give about 900 pieces of paper each week to each
student.
"Think about the money and trees we could save with the computers, "she said. But, with all this
technology, there"s always the risk that the machines will break down. So, in case of a power failure or
technical problems, paper textbooks are still widely available for these hitech students.
1. What does the part of the last but one sentence in the first paragraph, "run out of ink at the critical
moment" mean?
A. Pens may not write welt at the critical moment.
B. Pens get lost easily, so you may not find them at the critical moment.
C. Pens may have little or no ink at the critical moment.
D. Pens use ink, while pencils don"t.
2. In a paperless classroom, what is a must?
A. Pens.
B. Computers.
C. Information.
D. Texts.
3. The high school teacher, Judy Herrell, used the example of her class to show that________.
A. the Web could take them everywhere
B. the Web taught them a lot
C. the Web is a good tool for information
D. the Web, better than the textbooks, can give the latest and comprehensive(全面的) information
4. The paperless classrooms will benefit ________ the most.
A. students
B. teachers
C. trees
D. computers
5. What does the phrase in the last paragraph, "break down", mean?
A. Break into pieces.
B. Stop working.
C. Fall down.
D. Lose control. |
| 阅读理解。 |
Israeli researchers say they have developed a substance that attracts and kills the mosquitoes infected with the malaria parasite (疟原虫). However, the sweet-smelling substance is said to be harmless to
people and animals, Scientists at Hebrew University in Jerusalem developed the sugary bait by combining
fruit juice oils and boric acid (硼酸). The fruit juice oils get the attention of the mosquitoes, and the boric
acid kills the insects when they eat it.
The scientists took the sweet boric acid bait to the West African nation of Mali. They sprayed (喷洒) it on the plants near the man-made ponds which are home to "Anopheles Gambiae", the mosquitoes that
carry the most deadly form of malaria (疟疾). The researchers also placed a sweet-smelling spray on the grasses near other ponds. But it contained no boric acid. Both of the substances also contained a
substance that would mark any mosquito that came in contact with the bait.In this way the scientists
could count the mosquitoes that fed on it. Yosef Schlein, an expert on the insects that affect human healh，led the sweet bait research. He says thirty-eight days of results show the sweet boric acid bait proved very effective in killing mosquitoes. At the ponds treated only with sweet-smelling bait, Professor Schlein says, more than seventy-five percent of mosquitoes fed on the false bait. He says most people do not know that female mosquitoes feed on sweet plant nectar to survive.
The Israeli researchers now hope to develop a bait that is even more desirable to the malaria
mosquitoes.
Boric acid is generally safe for human beings and other mammals. Professor Schlein says scientists
might be able to develop a mosquito bait for enclosed spaces. Boric acid has been used to kill other
insects, including cockroaches, termites and ants inside homes since the middle of last century. |
| 1. Which of the following is TRUE about the sweet-smelling substance? |
A. It is said to be harmless to people but harmful to animals.
B. It attracts the mosquitoes but fails to kill them most of the time.
C. It is actually created by Professor Schlein.
D. It is a mixture of fruit juice oils and boric acid. |
| 2. What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refer to? |
A. A sweetsmelling spray.
B. The fruit juice oil.
C. A sweetsmelling spray with boric acid.
D. The sweet boric acid bait. |
| 3. What do we know about Yosef Schlein? |
A. He offered help to the researchers in the sweet bait research.
B. He is an expert on the substances that affect human health.
C. He thinks the sweet boric acid bait kills the malaria mosquitoes very effectively.
D. He thinks most people know female mosquitoes feed on sweet plant nectar to survive. |
| 4. We can infer from the text that _____. |
A. there will be fewer and fewer mosquitoes in Mali.
B. the new mosquito killer has been widely used in Africa.
C. malaria will become the most dangerous disease in the poorest areas of Africa.
D. the Israeli researchers want to develop a substance more attractive to the mosquitoes. |
Most American kids love Halloween treats, but a bucket of Halloween candy can be a dentist"s
nightmare. Some parents try to get rid of half of the candy after their children go to bed, but dentists
say parents also need to separate the good kinds of treats from the bad ones.
It is not exactly what a child eats that truly matters, but how much time it stays in his mouth.
According to pediatric dentist Dr. Kaneta Lott, the most damaging stuff is something that is sticky or
very hard and thus stays in the mouth for a long time.This is because we all have bacteria in our mouths.
When we eat, the bacteria take our food as their food and produce an acid that destroys the surface
of the teeth, causing cavities to form. The longer the food stays in the mouth, the more likely cavities
will develop. Therefore, potato chips are worse than candy because they get stuck between teeth. For
the same reason, raisins and crackers are not the best choice. Hard candies take a long time to
consume and are also a bad choice for Halloween treats.
If children really love candy, dentists recommend that they eat chocolate instead. Unlike hard
candies, chocolate dissolves quickly in the mouth.Besides, chocolate contains tannins, which help to
kill some of the bacteria in the mouth.But no matter what a child eats, brushing after each meal is still
the best way to fight cavities. |
| 1. What is the main purpose of this passage? |
A. To discuss how cavities can be treated.
B. To point out the problems with Halloween celebrations.
C. To tell parents what sweets are less damaging to their children’s teeth.
D. To teach parents the meaning of Halloween candy for their children. |
| 2. Why are hard candies especially bad for teeth? |
A. They may break the children’s teeth.
B. They contain too much sugar.
C. They help bacteria to produce tannins.
D. They stay in the mouth for a long time. |
| 3. According to the passage, which of the following is a better choice for Halloween treats? |
A. Chocolate.
B. Crackers.
C. Raisins.
D. Potato chips. |
| 4. According to the passage, which of the following is true of tannins? |
A. They are produced when the bacteria digest the food.
B. They help to get rid of some bacteria in the mouth.
C. They help chocolate to dissolve more quickly.
D. They destroy the surface of the teeth. |
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