阅读理解。 The most widespread fallacy(谬论) of all is that colds are caused by col
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| 阅读理解。 |
The most widespread fallacy(谬论) of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are
caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly
or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect
the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have
reported people are free from colds until they come into contact again with infected people from the
outside world by way of packages and mails dropped from airplanes.
During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches (战壕), cold and wet,
showed no increased tendency to catch colds.
In the Second World War prisoners at the Auschwitz concentration camp, naked and starving, were
astonished to find that they seldom had colds. At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers
took part in experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long
stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold
water, and then stood about dripping wet in a drafty (通风良好的)room. Some wore wet socks all day
while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a
cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.
If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter?
Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by
scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this
makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on. |
| 1. The writer offered _______ examples to support his argument. |
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7 |
| 2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? |
A. The Eskimos suffer from colds from time to time.
B. Colds are not always caused by cold.
C. People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors.
D. A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one. |
| 3. Arctic explorers may catch colds when they are _______. |
A. working in the isolated arctic regions
B. writing reports in terribly cold weather
C. free from work in the isolated arctic regions
D. coming into touch again with the outside world |
| 4. Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit _______. |
A. suffered a lot
B. never caught colds
C. often caught colds
D. became very strong |
| 5. The passage mainly discusses _______. |
A. the experiments on the common cold
B. the fallacy about the common cold
C. the reason and the way people catch colds
D. the continued spread of common colds |
答案
| 1-5: BDDAC |
举一反三
信息匹配。
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 |
Many solutions we seek with regard to achieving sustainability(可持续性) are within our reach. That"s
the lesson our school"s Environment Club has learned over the past two years. We"ve reduced the amount of our waste at our school by 25 per cent. 1 We have the evidence we need to suggest we are making a difference. If you are interested in leading your school on a similar journey of change, here are some tips.
2
Examine the garbage can to find out how much of your school"s garbage could be picked out from the
waste stream and be reused. We found that more than 80 percent of our waste could have been reused,
recycled or composted (制成堆肥).
Prepare dustbins there.
3 You will find you can cover the cost of the purchase of the dustbins within a few months simply
by selling the bottles and other items you collect.
Compost the waste.
Start a composting system in your school. You may reduce your waste by as much as 50 percent. Be
sure to talk with your teachers and your cafeteria staff to get them onside.
Share your success.
Let your community know what you"ve accomplished. 4 Ask your teachers if you can talk to their
classes, let your parent group know what you"re doing, and present a report to the president of your
school.
5
Whether you spend a few moments in a quiet place or the whole day walking along a beautiful beach,
time outdoors will remind you why the work you do for the environment is so worthwhile. |
A. Dig in.
B. Reward yourself.
C. Do outdoor activities.
D. They"ll feel proud of you.
E. We need to go further, and we will.
F. Invite your friends to join your cause.
G. Make sure every classroom has dustbins for recycling. |
| 阅读理解。 |
Longer Lives for Wild Elephants
Most people think of zoos as safe places for animals, where struggles such as difficulty finding food and avoiding predators don"t exist. Without such problems, animals in zoos should live to a ripe old age.
But that may not be true for the largest land animals on Earth. Scientists have known that elephants in
zoos often suffer from poor health. They develop diseases, joint problems and behavior changes.
Sometimes, they even become unable to have babies.
To learn more about how captivity (监禁) affects elephants, a team of international scientists compared the life spans of female elephants born in zoos with female elephants living outdoors in their native lands.
Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care, documenting factors such as birth dates,
illnesses, weight and death. These records made it possible for the researchers to analyze 40 years of
data on 800 African and Asian elephants in zoos across Europe. The scientists compared the life spans of
the zoo-born elephants with the life spans of thousands of female wild elephants in Africa and Asian
elephants that work in logging camps (伐木场), over approximately the same time period.
The team found that female African elephants born in zoos lived an average of 16.9 years. Their wild
counterparts who died of natural causes lived an average of 56 years--more than three times as long.
Female Asian elephants followed a similar pattern. In zoos, they lived 18.9 years, while those in the
logging camps lived 41.7 years.
Scientists don"t yet know why wild elephants seem to live so much better than their zoo-raised counterparts. Georgia Mason, a biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada who led the study, thinks stress
and obesity (肥胖) may be to blame. Zoo elephants don"t get the same kind of exercise they would in the wild, and most are very fat. Elephant social lives are also much different in zoos than in the wild, where they live in large herds and family groups.
Another finding from the study showed that Asian elephants born in zoos were more likely to die early
than Asian elephants captured in the wild and brought to zoos. Mason suggests stress in the mothers in
zoos might cause them to have babies that are less likely to survive.
The study raises some questions about acquiring more elephants to keep in zoos. While some threatened
and endangered species living in zoos reproduce successfully and maintain healthy populations, that
doesn"t appear to be the case with elephants. |
| 1. According to the first two paragraphs, unlike other zoo animals, zoo elephants _______ . |
A. have difficulty eating food.
B. 1ive to a ripe old age.
C. are not afraid of predators.
D. develop health problems. |
2. Which of the following about the international scientists" research on the life spans of elephants is
NOT true? (See paragraph 3)? |
A. They compared zoo elephants with wild elephants.
B. They kept detailed records of all the elephants in their care.
C. They analyzed the records of the elephants kept in zoos.
D. The zoo-born elephants they studied are kept in European zoos. |
| 3. What do the scientists find in their research? |
A. Female elephants live longer than male elephants.
B. Female zoo elephants live longer than their wild counterparts.
C. Female zoo elephants die much earlier than their wild counterparts.
D. Elephants in zoos and those in the wild enjoy the same long life spans. |
| 4. Which of the following does the author suggest in the last paragraph? |
A. It may not be a wise policy to keep elephants in the zoo.
B. Elephants are no longer an endangered species.
C. Zoo-born elephants should be looked after more carefully.
D. Zoos should keep more animals except elephants. |
| 阅读理解。 |
China has recently been faced with serious issues of product safety. In Panama, it is said that medicine made with a poisonous chemical sickened some people. A Chinese company had identified it as
diethylamide glycol ( [化]乙二醇), a low - cost substitute commonly used in automobile antifreeze (防冻剂).
Some countries have banned Chinese-made toothpaste containing diethylamide glycol. China has now
told companies to discontinue its use, even though it says the toothpaste is safe. Another industrial
chemical, melamine, was found in wheat flour used to make pet food in North America. Thousands of
dogs and cats became sick.
The United States has restricted some imports of Chinese seafood because they contained banned
substance. And questions have been raised about other products, including children"s toys covered with
lead paint.
Chinese officials promised to provide the European Union, the biggest trading partner, with detailed
reports on enforcement efforts against unsafe goods.
Meglena Kuneva, commissioner (理事) for consumer protection of the European Union said China
should have kept its promise.
China recently closed three companies linked to the Panama and the pet food scare. And it dismissed
the former head of its food and drug administration. He was found guilty of corruption (腐败) for
approving unsafe drugs. This week, a conference of the State Council approved a proposed special
measure on the supervision of food safety. The Xinhua News Agency said it calls for stronger controls
over producers, greater responsibilities for government and more serious punishment for illegal activities.
But Chinese officials have accused some foreign media of overstating problems with goods made in
China. They say food imports from the United States also fail inspection sometimes. Next Week,
American and Chinese food safety officials are planning to hold 5 days of meetings in Beijing to discuss
cooperation. |
| 1. How many cases with safety problems are mentioned in the passage? |
A. Six
B. Five
C. Four
D. Three |
| 2. How was Panama case dealt with afterwards? |
A. Three companies linked to it were closed down.
B. The former head of food and drug administration was removed from his position.
C. More serious punishment was conducted for leaders linked to it.
D. Both A and B. |
| 3. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? |
A. No one doubts that Chinese- made toothpaste is safe
B. the safety of "made in China" is doubted
C. there are safety problems with more Chinese products
D. the Chinese government is to blame partly for the product safety problems. |
| 4.The passage is mainly about ________. |
A. China is facing product safety problems
B. more controls are taken of Chinese goods
C. overstated problems with Chinese goods
D. China is losing its trade partners |
| 5. What does "it" refer to in the last but one paragraph? |
A. China
B. The European Union
C. Chinese officials
D. The Chinese company |
| 阅读理解。 |
People who eat at home most of the time have better nutrition than those who go out to eat , a recent study shows. Cornell University professors Lana Hall and Karen Bunch interviewed (面试,接见) 3900 people in the survey. "People who eat less than 30 percent of their food away from home eat the most nutritiously," they said.
"In general, Americans don"t have nutrient, except for iron and calcium," they reported. They have the opposite problem--over-consumption (过度消耗), especially of fat.
The food at many fast food restaurants is often low in vitamins. "People who eat more than 30 percent of total calories away from home eat foods that are generally low in nutrients per calorie," the professors said. More calories and enough nutrient intake (吸收) are required to achieve.
One of the major health risks (风险) is eating too much fat. The professor found than fat consumption became greater as income (收入) went up. It also went up in houses where the female worked. This is probably because these people eat more highly processed (加工的) foods. |
| 1. According to the passage, which of the following suggestions would you most readily take? |
A. Eat out as many times as possible
B. Eat at home as many times as possible
C. Eat foods with a lot if iron, calcium and fat
D. Eat more highly processed foods |
| 2.What is the result if people often dine out according to the passage? |
A. They tend to have better nutrition
B. They tend to have less nutrition
C.They can save a lot of time
D. They will spend much money on it |
| 3. Nowadays, a major health risk that people face is_______. |
A. Eating too much fast food
B. Frequent dining out
C.Eating at home very often
D. Eating too much fat |
| 4. The passage is about . |
A. Eating and Health
B. The Life Style in Modern Society
C. Fast food in the USA
D. Dining out Lowers Nutrient Intake |
| 阅读理解。 |
Let"s face it.No one drinks diet soda for the taste.People drink diet soda in the hope that it will help
them lose weight or at least keep them from gaining it.Yet it seems to have exactly the opposite effect,
according to a new study.
Researchers from the University of Texas said those who drank two or more diet sodas a day had
waist size increases that were six times greater than those who didn"t drink diet soda."What we saw was
that the more diet sodas a person drank, the more weight they were likely to gain," said Sharon Fowler.
The study was based on data from 474 participants in a large, ongoing research project, where the
participants were followed for nearly l0 years.
While the findings are surprising, they also offer some explanations.
Nutrition expert, Melanie Rogers, who works with overweight patients in New York, has found that
when patients are switched from regular to diet soda, they don"t lose weight at all."We weren"t seeing
weight loss necessarily, and that was confusing to us," said Rogers.
So why would diet soda cause weight gain? No one knows for sure yet, but it could be that people
think they can eat more if they drink diet soda, and so over-compensate for the missing calories.
A related study found some sweeteners (甜味剂) raised blood sugar levels in some mice."Data from
this and other potential studies suggest that the promotion of diet sodas and artificial sweeteners may be
risky," said Helen P.Hazuda, professor at the University of Texas"s school of medicine."They may be free
of calories, but not of consequences." |
| 1. People drink diet soda to _____. |
A. enjoy its taste
B. achieve weight loss
C. stay in fashion
D. gain more energy |
| 2. The new study suggests that drinking diet soda _____. |
A. causes people to become heavier
B. helps people to be healthier
C. makes people much thinner
D. offers people more calories |
| 3. We can learn from the passage that _____. |
A. regular soda makes people lose more weight
B. diet soda does help reduce calories
C. diet soda drinkers tend to eat more food
D. most blood diseases come from diet soda |
| 4. The underlined word "They" in the last paragraph probably refers to _____. |
A. sweeteners
B. diet soda drinkers and sweetener takers
C. sodas
D. diet sodas and artificial sweeteners |
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