阅读理解。 Thirty-six volunteers in South Africa will test the safety of an Afric
题型：模拟题难度：来源：
| 阅读理解。 |
Thirty-six volunteers in South Africa will test the safety of an African-developed vaccine (疫苗) against
HIV. The tests are the first step in human clinical trials of two vaccine candidates developed at the University
of Cape Town.
These experimental AIDS vaccines are the first from Africa to reach testing in people. The National
Institutes of Health in the United States provided assistance. Testing with twelve people began earlier this year
in Boston, Massachusetts.
South Africa has more than five million people infected with HIV, the largest number of any country.
South Africa launched the tests last week as the International AIDS Society held a conference in Cape
Town. Other human trials of possible vaccines are taking place around the world. Scientists hope to get some
results later this year.
But during last week"s conference, experts reported the first decrease in international financing for AIDS
vaccine research. They said funding dropped from about 930 million dollars in 2007 to 870 million last year.
Also at the conference, scientists presented the latest findings about new mothers infected with HIV. Two
studies showed ways in which anti-HIV drugs could permit infected women to breastfeed their new borns
with less risk of passing the virus to them. The research was done in Cameroon, Ivory Coast, South Africa
and Zambia.
In one study, infected mothers began to take three anti-HIV drugs while breastfeeding for up to six months.
In a second study, the babies were given medicine, instead of their mothers. The babies received one drug
every day during six months of breastfeeding.
The researchers said both methods greatly reduced the risk of HIV infection.
Laura Guay is Vice President of research at the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, which
supported the research. Doctor Guay says the problem in sub-Saharan Africa is the limited availability of anti-
retroviral drugs.
LAURA GUAY:"We know that only about 33 percent of women have access to a program that actually
has services in place to prevent mother-to-child transmission. So the first challenge is, how do we reach all
the women who do not have access to a prevention program?" |
| 1. That South Africa is chosen as the first country in Africa to test the safety of an African-developed vaccine against HIV is probably because ____. |
A. it has the largest AIDS population
B. the vaccine has been developed in South Africa
C. the United Nations will offer it assistance
D. it has enough volunteers who are AIDS carriers |
| 2. What does Paragraph 6 mainly talk about? |
A. Women infected AIDS should not breastfeed their newborns.
B. Newborns are easily got infected with HIV if their mothers got AIDS.
C. Anti-HIV drugs help mothers infected with AIDS avoid transmitting HIV to their babies.
D. Both the mother and the newborn can take the anti-HIV drugs. |
| 3. What can we learn from this passage? |
A. The vaccine will not be used in clinical trial before it is proved to be safe.
B. South Africa was the first country which began the test of the vaccines.
C. Anti-HIV drugs have less effect on babies than on their mothers who are affected AIDS.
D. Only those women from rich families have access to anti-HIV drugs. |
| 4. According to this passage, what is the problem that the vaccine research faced with? |
A. The decrease in international financing.
B. The lack of volunteers.
C. The difficulty in human clinical trials.
D. Too many AIDS patients. |
答案
| 1-4: A C A A |
举一反三
| 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 |
Many people think of guys as being carefree when it comes to their appearance. But in fact, a lot of guys
spend plenty of time in front of the mirror. They care just as much as girls do about their body image.
Body image is a person"s opinions and feelings about his or her own body and physical appearance. 1.____
You appreciate your body for its capabilities and accept its imperfections.
2.____ Here are some ideas:
Recognize your strengths. Different body types are good for different things. What does your body do well?
Maybe your speed, strength, or coordination makes you better than others at a certain sport. That may be
basketball, table tennis, mountain biking, dancing, or even running. Or perhaps you have non-sports skills, like
drawing, painting, singing, playing a musical instrument, writing acting. 3.____.
Exercise regularly. Exercise can help you look good and feel good about yourself. Good physiques (体形)
don"t just happen 4.____. A healthy habit can be as simple as exercising 20 minutes to 1 hour three days a week.
Working out can also lift your spirits.
Respect your body! Practicing good habits-regular showering; taking care of your teeth, hair, and skin;
wearing clean clothes, and so on-can help you build a positive body image.
5.____ You body is just one part of who you are. Your talent for comedy, a quick wit (智慧), and all the
other things make you unique. So try not to let small imperfections take over. |
A. Use this as an opportunity to discover what you"re good at.
B. Be yourself.
C. Having a positive body image means feeling satisfied with the way you look.
D. Just explore talents that you feel good about.
E. They take hard work, regular workouts, and a healthy diet.
F. The good news is that self-image and body image can be changed.
G. So, what can you do to develop a positive body image? |
| 阅读理解。 |
More than 2 million US teenagers have suffered a serious bout (发作) of depression in the past year,
according to a federal government survey released on Tuesday.
On average, 8.5 percent of adolescents aged 12 to 17 described having had a major depressive episode
in the previous year, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration reported.
But there were "striking differences" by sex, with 12.7 percent of girls and 4.6 percent of boys affected.
Depression is the leading cause of suicide, which in turn is the third leading cause of death for 15 to 24
year olds in the United States.
"Combined 2004 to 2006 data show that rates of past year major depressive experience among youths
aged 12 to 17 generally increased with increasing age," the researchers wrote.
Researchers at SAMHSA and RTI International in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, prepared the
report using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health.
More than 67,700 youths aged 12 to 17 answered questions about mood and depression. They were also
asked to rate how depression affected them using the Sheehan Disability Scale, which measures impact on
family, friends, chores at home, work and school.
Researchers defined a major depressive episode as two weeks or longer of depressed mood or loss of
interest or pleasure, and at least four other symptoms (症状) such as problems with sleep, energy,
concentration or self-image.
Nearly half of the teenagers who had major depression said it severely damaged their ability to function in
at least one of the areas on the disability scale.
"Fortunately, depression responds very well to early intervention and treatment," SAMHSA Administrator
Terry Cline said in a statement. |
| 1. The underlined word"episode" in paragraph 2 has the similar meaning as the given word ____. |
A. feeling
B. expression
C. experience
D. experiment |
| 2. The main reasons which lead to serious depressive symptoms include ____. |
A. low spirits, unhappiness, lack of sleep and poor concentration
B. poor health, sex discrimination, less energy and loss of interest
C. suicide, sadness,lack of confidence and depression
D. no family or friends or jobs or interests at all |
| 3. What can be implied, but is not stated directly? |
A. There were more girl students suffering depression than boys.
B. There were over 2 million American teens suffering depression in the past two years.
C. The students surveyed were aged between 12 and 17.
D. Depression is the third leading cause of suicide. |
| 4. What will the following paragraph probably talk about according to the passage? |
A. How to have a happy feeling.
B. How to live a comfortable life.
C. How to recover from stress.
D. How to prevent and treat depression. |
| 阅读理解。 |
The African elephant, the largest land animal remaining on earth, is of great importance to African ecosystem
(生态系统). Unlike other animals, the African elephant is to a great extent the builder of its environment. As a
big plant-eater, it largely shapes the- forest-and-savanna (大草原) surroundings in which it lives, therefore
setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat.
It is the elephant"s great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder
of its habitat. In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day, it kills small trees
and under-bushes, and pulls branches off big trees. This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical
forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces are numerous plants
in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant-eaters.
Take the rain forests for example. In their natural state, the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight
and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor. By pulling down trees and eating plants, elephants make
open spaces, allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor. In such situations, the forests become suitable
for large hoofed plant-eaters to move around and for small plant-eaters to get their food as well.
What worries scientists now is that the African elephant has become an endangered species. If the elephant
disappears, scientists say, many other animals will also disappear from vast areas of forest and savanna, greatly
changing and worsening the whole ecosystem. |
| 1. What is the passage mainly about? |
A. Disappearance of African elephants.
B. Forests and savannas as habitats for African elephants.
C. The effect of African elephants" search for food.
D. The eating habit of African elephants. |
| 2. What does the underlined phrase "setting the terms" most probably mean? |
A. Fixing the time.
B. Worsening the state.
C. Improving the quality.
D. Deciding the conditions. |
| 3. What do we know about the open spaces in the passage? |
A. They result from the destruction of rain forests.
B. They provide food mainly for African elephants.
C. They are home to many endangered animals.
D. They are attractive to plant-eating animals of different kinds. |
| 阅读理解。 |
During a state of deep relaxation, several physiological changes take place in the body: the body"s oxygen
consumption is reduced; the heart beat decreases; muscle tension and sweating ease, and there is decreased
sympathetic nervous system (交感神经系统) activity. This restful state not only allows the body to repair
and restore itself, but it has a calming effect on the consciousness.
How to achieve this state of relaxation, however, is a matter of opinion, and in some medical circles, a
matter of controversy. A recent report by Dr. David Holmes of the University of Kansas in the journal
"American psychologist" said that simply sitting in an armchair has just as many beneficial characteristics for
the body as meditation (冥想) does. Researchers of other relaxation techniques disagree. These experts believe
that more structured techniques, such as meditation, lead to a condition of deep relaxation.
The debate goes on, but one thing appears to be clear: the relaxation response can be reached by a number
of methods, and the methods themselves are not as important as getting there. One day, one method may work
best; on another day, an alternative method may be more appropriate. Once you are aware of all the methods,
you can find the one that works best on you.
Some of the relaxation techniques are meditation, auto analysis and progressive muscle relaxation response.
More than just sitting quietly in a chair, they have the added benefit of structure and discipline, and for these
reasons appear to be more effective for most individuals. |
1. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true when a person is in a state of deep
relaxation? |
A. The body takes in less oxygen.
B. The heart beats less frequently.
C. Muscles become tense and the body sweats easily.
D. The consciousness becomes more or less calmed. |
| 2. People seem to agree that _____. |
A. sitting in an armchair benefits a person as meditation does
B. structured relaxation techniques are more beneficial for a person
C. to achieve a state of deep relaxation is possible through various means
D. what people are all struggling for is a state of deep relaxation |
| 3. In the third paragraph, the phrase "getting there" means _____. |
A. arriving at one"s destination
B. getting what one wants most
C. finding out a suitable relaxation technique
D. reaching a state of deep relaxation |
| 4. The author"s attitude toward relaxation discussed in the passage is best described as _____. |
A. skeptical
B. objective
C. optimistic
D. critical |
| 阅读理解。 |
An overweight, middle-aged man lies dead on a trolley, with a woman weeping over his body. The
body"s cold hand still grasps a half-eaten McDonald"s hamburger. American doctors" TV ad features the
image which weakens the slightest of appetites and the line "I was lovin" it".
The hard-hitting US television commercial supported by a Washington-based medical group has angered
McDonald"s by taking an unusually direct shot at the world"s biggest fast-food chain this week. The line is
a twist on McDonald"s long-standing advertising slogan, "I"m lovin" it" and a voice-over intones, "High
cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart attacks. Tonight, make it vegetarian."
The commercial, funded by the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (PCRM), goes further
than most non-profit advertising and has drawn an angry reaction from both the Chicago-based hamburger
multinational and the broader restaurant industry.
The National Restaurant Association criticized it as "irresponsible" and said it was an attempt to scare the
public with a "limited" view of nutrition. A McDonald"s spokesman said,"This commercial is unbearable,
misleading and unfair to all consumers. McDonald"s trusts our customers to make food and lifestyle choices
that are right for them."
The commercial, to be aired at the beginning in the Washington area but potentially in further US cities,
comes amid an increasingly lively debate in the US about healthy eating. The first lady, Michelle Obama, has
made nutrition a signature issue and is leading a campaign to encourage physical fitness and improved diets-
particularly among American children, a third of whom are overweight.
The economic decline has hardly helped the healthy eating cause. McDonald"s has enjoyed a relatively
prosperous financial crisis as diners choose its affordable offerings in place of more expensive high-street
restaurants. Its global profits for the six months to June were up 12% to $ 2.3 billion, powered by sales rises
both in the United States and Britain.
The PCRM"s director of nutrition education, Susan Levin, made no apologies for singling out the golden
arches (拱门):"McDonald"s is one of the biggest fast-food chains in the world. Its name and its golden arches
are instantly recognizable. We feel we"re making a point about all fast food when we talk about McDonald"s." |
| 1. The ad-maker makes a change in the McDonald"s slogan _____. |
A. to warn people of risk of eating fast food
B. to convince people of cause of the death
C. to remind people of the man"s preference
D. to accuse McDonald"s of the murder |
| 2. The goal of this passage is to tell us that _____. |
A. the TV commercial goes too far
B. people enjoy eating fast food for its taste
C. Michelle Obama"s campaign doesn"t work
D. McDonald"s provides unhealthy food |
| 3. The underlined words "the golden arches" in the last paragraph refers to _____. |
A. the line
B. the ad
C. McDonald"s
D. fast food |
| 4. What is the theme of the passage? |
A. A fierce debate about healthy eating
B. McDonald"s targeted in US health ad
C. N US health ad advocates healthy life
D. Say goodbye to McDonald"s right now |
最新试题
热门考点