一般过去时态中不规则动词变化及规律

一般过去时态中不规则动词变化及规律

题目
一般过去时态中不规则动词变化及规律
答案
(1) AAA型(动词原形、过去式与过过分词同形)
cost(花费) cost cost
cut(割) cut cut
hit(打) hit hit
hurt 伤害) hurt hurt
let(让) let let
put(放) put put
read (读) read read
set (设置)set set
(2) AAB型(动词原形与过去式同形)
beat(跳动) beat beaten
(3) ABA型(动词原形与过去分词同形)
become(变成) became become
come(来) came come
run(跑) ran run
(4) ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形)
dig(挖) dug dug
get(得到) got got
hang(吊死) hanged hanged
hang(悬挂) hung hung
hold(抓住) held held
shine(照耀) shone shone
sit(坐) sat sat
win (赢) won won
meet(遇见) met met
keep (保持) kept kept
sleep(睡) slept slept
sweep(扫) swept swept
feel(感觉) felt felt
smell(闻) smelt smelt
leave(离开) left left
build(建设) built built
lend(借出) lent lent
send (传送) sent sent
spend(花费) spent spent
lose (丢失) lost lost
burn (燃烧) burnt burnt
learn(学习) learnt learnt
mean(意思是) meant meant
catch(抓住) caught caught
teach(教) taught taught
bring(带来) brought brought
fight (战斗) fought fought
buy(买) bought bought
think(想) thought thought
hear (听见) heard heard
sell(卖) sold sold
tell(告诉) told told
say(说) said said
find(找到) found found
have/has(有) had had
make(制造) made made
stand(站) stood stood
understand明白understood understood
(5) ABC型(动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形)
begin(开始) began begun
drink(喝) drank drunk
ring(铃响) rang rung
sing (唱) sang sung
swim(游泳) swam swum
blow(吹) blew blown
draw (画) drew drawn
fly(飞) flew flown
grow(生长) grew grown
know(知道) knew known
throw(投掷) threw thrown show(出示) showed shown
break(打破) broke broken choose(选择) chose chosen
forget(忘记) forgot forgotten (forgot)
speak(说,讲) spoke spoken
wake(醒) woke woke
drive(驾驶) drove driven
eat(吃) ate eaten
fall(落下) fell fallen
give(给) gave given
rise(升高) rose risen
take(取) took taken
mistake(弄错) mistook mistaken
ride(骑) rode ridden
write(写) wrote written
do(做) did done
go(去) went gone
lie(平躺) lay lain
see(看见) saw seen
wear (穿) wore worn
be ( am, is, are )(是)was, were been

  英语动词按其过去式和过去分词的构成方式可分为规则动词和不规则动词.规则动词的过去式和过去分词由词尾加-ed构成,而不规则动词的变化因词而异.
定义:
  英语单词中由动词原形转变为过去式和过去分词时不按词尾加“-ed”之变化规则者叫做不规则动词(Irregular Verbs).
  现代英语新生成的动词都归入“-ed”的规则变化,例如:
  park→parked (停车--1864)
  fax→faxed (以传真传送--1979)
  e-mail→e-mailed (以电脑网络传送--1982)
  (所附年次为最早用例出现年次--O.E.D.)
  因此,不规则动词可以说都是古英语动词的不规则变化因其常用度很高而一直沿用到今天者,所以我们今天在学习英语时绝对无法,也不可能规避这些不规则动词.
  从英语的演变来看,不规则动词就是强势动词(Strong Verbs)--即其词形变化全依其本身之语音(尤其是元音)变化来进行而不借助词尾的变化.例如:
  原形: buy sing speak
  过去式: bought sang spoke
  过去分词: bought sung spoken
  我们学习不规则动词的时候,最有效的方法就是要针对这种词形变化的现象,了解其变化的型式,发出声音背念,使其能自然地隔入我们的speaking和writing,这样才能说确实地把不规则动词学会了.
  注:与强势动词相对,须借助“-ed”之词尾来进行词形变化的规则动词就叫做弱势动词(Weak Verbs).
不规则动词表
  1)A---A---A型(现在式、过去式和过去分词同形,保持不变,除进行式外)
  词例:
  
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 意思
cost cost cost 花费
cut cut cut 割,切
hit hit hit 打
put put put 放下
read # read read 读
hurt hurt hurt 受伤
let let let 让
 # “Read” 的“过去式”和“过去分词”的读音和动词原型的不同.
  2) A---A---B型(现在式和过去式同形)
  词例:
   动词原型 过去式 过去分词 意思
beat beat beaten 打
 3) A---B---A型(现在式和过去分词同形)
  词例:
   动词原形 过去式 过去分词 意思
come came come 来到
become became become 变
run ran run 跑
overcome overcame overcome 征服,打败
 4)A---B---B型(过去式与过去分词同形)
  分为以下情形:
  ① 在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t.
  词例:
   动词原形 过去式 过去分词 意思
burn burnt burnt 燃烧
learn learned / learnt learned / learnt 学习
mean meant meant 含义是
hear heard heard 听见
 ② 把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”.
  词例:
   动词原形 过去式 过去分词 意思
build built built 建筑
lend lent lent 借
send sent sent 传送
spend spent spent 花费
 ③ 其他不规则的各种变化.
  词例:
   动词原形 过去式 过去分词 意思 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 意思
pay paid paid 付钱 lay laid laid 下蛋
say said said 说 bring brought brought 带来
buy bought bought 买 fight fought fought 战斗
think thought thought 思考 sleep slept slept 睡觉
feel felt felt 觉得 keep kept kept 保持
sweep swept swept 扫 stand stood stood 站
understand understood understood 理解 win won won 胜利
catch caught caught 抓住 teach taught taught 教
find found found 发现 get got got 得到
hold held held 握 leave left left 离开
make made made 制造 meet met met 遇见
shoot shot shot 射击 dig dug dug 挖
smell smelt / smelled smelt / smelled 嗅,闻 shine shone / shined shone / shined 发光
sit sat sat 坐下 have had had 有
 5)A---B---C型(三词不同形)
  分为以下情形:
  ① 在动词原形后加-n或-en 构成过去分词 .
   动词原形 过去式 过去分词 意思 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 意思
eat ate eaten 吃 fall fell fallen 落下
give gave given 给 take took taken 拿,记录,拍摄
see saw seen 看见 write wrote written 写
ride rode ridden 骑 drive drove driven 驾驶
throw threw thrown 抛,扔 blow blew blown 吹
grow grew grown 生长 know knew known 知道
show showed shown 展示 draw drew drawn 拉,绘画,抽签
 ② 过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词.
   动词原形 过去式 过去分词 意思
speak spoke spoken 说话
break broke broken 破碎
choose chose chosen 选择
forget forgot forgotten 忘记
freeze froze frozen 凝固
 ③ 把单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”变成“a”(过去式)和“u”(过去分词).
   动词原形 过去式 过去分词 意思
begin began begun 开始
ring rang rung 按铃
sing sang sung 唱
sink sank sunk 沉
swim swam swum 游泳
drink drank drunk 喝
 ④ 其他不规则动词的变化.
   动词原形 过去式 过去分词 意思
be (am, is) was been 是
be (are) were been 是
do did done 做
go went gone 去
lie lay lain 躺
wear wore worn 穿
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