经济学中规范表述和实证表述的问题 positive statements and normative statements

题目

经济学中规范表述和实证表述的问题 positive statements and normative statements
两者的区别是什么呢?
1.pollution control is effective through a system of fines.
2.any strategy aimed at reducing factory closures in deprived area would be helpful.
这两个statement属于实证表示还是规范表述呢?
抱歉没有悬赏, 在国外初学经济 实在是有点confused

答案

1.positive实证表述
2.normative规范表述
Positive economics is a study of how the economy works. 简单来说就是描述一个“是什么”的状态,这个statement可以是错误的,但是也是positive statement.
Normative economics is the practice of recommending policies to solve economic problems. 主要的特点是表达了一个“应该怎样做”的judgement.
Tip：normative statement一般会有‘should’、‘would’之类表达‘应该’意义的词汇,不过也要看题目的意义,不能单靠有没有这些词来决定