动词ing被动语态的功能,谁知道?还有动词不定时的被动语态的功能

题目

动词ing被动语态的功能,谁知道?还有动词不定时的被动语态的功能

答案

一、动词不定式的被动语态
1.动词不定式被动语态的一般式：由“ to be + P.P.(过去分词)”构成,在口语中,为了强调动作,也可以由“to get + P.P.”构成.表示不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者,该动作发生在谓语动词所表示动作之后.在句子中可以作表语、定语、宾语或状语.例如：
The little child’s wish is to be taken to Disneyland.小孩子的愿望是被领上去迪斯尼乐园.(作表语)
The next thing to be done is to get the students organized in small groups.下一步要做的事是把学生组织在一些小组里.(作后置定语)
They asked to get sent to the west of China to work as teachers.他们请求被派到中国西部去当教师.(作宾语)
2.动词不定式被动语态的完成式：由“ to have been +P.P.”构成,表示不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者,该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前.例如：
I am glad to have been given a chance to improve my English.我很高兴能有机会进修英语.(作状语)
It is a great honor for him to have been elected a model worker.当选为模范工人对他来说是一件很光荣的事.(作宾语补足语)
二、动词-ing形式的被动语态
1.动词-ing形式被动语态的一般式：由“being + P.P.”构成,表示一个被动动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行.在句子中作定语时,可以改为一个定语从句,从句的谓语用现在进行时的被动语态;在句中作状语时,可以改为一个状语从句,从句的谓语应用被动语态;还可以在句子中作主语、宾语等.例如：
You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere.(= You’ll find the topic which is being discussed everywhere.)你会发现到处都在讨论这个话题.(作定语)
Being used,the machine can’t be lent to others.(= As it is being used,the machine can’t be lent to others.因为正在被使用着,所以这台机器不能借给别人.(作原因状语)
Being criticized helped him see things more clearly.他受到批评后对一些事情看得比较明白些了.(作主语)
I still remember being taken to Shanghai when I was a child.我还记得小时候曾被带到上海.(作宾语)
2.动词-ing形式被动语态的完成式：由“having been + P.P.”构成,表示一个被动的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经完成了.在句子中,通常作状语,可以改为一个状语从句.例如：
Having been shown around the labs,we were taken to see the library.(= After we had been shown around the labs,we were taken to see the library.参观了实验室之后,我们被带去参观图书馆.(作时间状语)