同工酶英文概念

题目

同工酶英文概念
同工酶是指催化相同的化学反应,但其蛋白质分子结构、理化性质和免疫性能等方面都存在明显差异的一组酶.同工酶是研究代谢调节、分子遗传、生物进化、个体发育、细胞分化和癌变的重要工具,在酶学、生物学和医学中均占重要地位.

答案

Isozymes (also known as isoenzymes) are enzymes that differ in amino acid sequence but catalyze the same chemical reaction.These enzymes usually display different kinetic parameters (i.e.different KM values),or different regulatory properties.The existence of isozymes permits the fine-tuning of metabolism to meet the particular needs of a given tissue or developmental stage (for example lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)).In biochemistry,isozymes (or isoenzymes) are isoforms (closely related variants) of enzymes.In many cases,they are coded for by homologous genes that have diverged over time.Although,strictly speaking,allozymes represent enzymes from different alleles of the same gene,and isozymes represent enzymes from different genes that process or catalyse the same reaction,the two words are usually used interchangeably.