祈使句(Imperative Sentence)用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。
祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末则使用感叹号来表示结束。
例：
Go and wash your hands.(去洗你的手。——命令)
Be quiet,please.(Please be quiet.)(请安静。——请求)
Be kind to our sister.(对姊妹要和善。——劝告)
Watch your steps.(走路小心。——警告)
Look out!Danger!(小心!危险!——强烈警告，已如感叹句)
Keep off the grass.(勿践草坪。——禁止)
No parking.(禁止停车。——禁止)
No eating or drinking.(禁止吃喝。——禁止)
No littering.(禁止乱扔垃圾。——禁止)
祈使句也常把主语“You”表达出来，主要是强调对象，确定对象。
例如：
You go and tell him, kris. (克立斯去告诉他。)
祈使句无主语，主语you常省去;
动词原形谓语当，句首加don't否定变;
朗读应当用降调，句末常标感叹号。
●肯定结构：
(1)Do型(即：动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如：Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。
有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下，动词可省略。如：This way,please. = Go this way,please. 请这边走。
(2)Be型(即：Be +表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如：Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!
(3)Let型(即：Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如：Let me help you. 让我来帮你。
●否定结构：
(1)Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成：
如：
Don't forget me! 不要忘记我!
Don't make such a noise.不要这么吵。
Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到!(是系表结构——也就是没有行为动词但是有形容词的那种——就可以使用Don't be，有行为动词的就不能这么用，只能用Don't。)
(2)Let型的否定式有两种：“Don't + let +宾语+动词原形+ 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。
如：Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。
(3)有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如：No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!
A、肯定的祈使句
a.句型：动词原形～.(含有第二人称主语的祈使句，省略主语)
Stand up.起立。
Be quiet，please.请安静。
Be careful!小心!
b.有时，为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加do
Do sit down.务必请坐。
Do study hard.一定要努力学习。
c.用客气的语气表示祈使句时，可在句首或句尾加上please，但如果在句尾加please，那在please之前一定要加一个逗号“，”。
Go this way，please.请这边走。
d.祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号“，”隔开，放在句首或句尾。
Li Ming，come here.李明，过来。
Come here，Li Ming.过来，李明。
e.祈使句和陈述句比较:
陈述句：You sit down.你坐下来。
祈使句：Sit down.坐下(省略主语you)
B、否定的祈使句
句型：Don't /Never+动词原形～
Don't swim in the river.别在河里游泳。
Don't be late.别迟到。
Please don't be noisy.请不要大声喧哗。
Never answer the phone while driving.决不在开车的时候接电话。
注意
表示禁止时，尤其是标语等也可用“No+名词/动名词”来表示。
No smoking!禁止吸烟!
No parking!禁止停车!
No entry!不准入内!
No litter!不准乱扔杂物!
A、肯定的祈使句
句型：·Let+第一人称(me，us)～.
·Let+第三人称代词(宾格：him，her，it，them)或名词～.
Let's go at once.咱们马上动身吧。
Let me try again.让我再试试。
Let Tom go there himself.让汤姆自己去那儿。
注意
Let's包括对方，Let us不包括对方。反意疑问句时最明显。
Let's go，shall we?咱们去吧，怎么样?
Let us go，will you?让我们去吧，行吗?(征求对方的意见)
由"let"带头的祈使句(Imperative Sentences)是个常见的动词句型，它的主要用法有下列三种：
(1)表示“建议”。
这个句型里的"let"后头紧跟着一个第一人称的代词宾语。
如：
Let me try.
Let's do it.
Let me go and look for it.
这个句型语气委婉，比直接的祈使句客气。试比较以下a和b句:
a. Don't disturb him.
b. Let's not disturb him.
(a)是直接命令，语气强烈，不如(b)温柔悦耳。
(2)表示“间接命令”或“愿望”。
这句型里的动词宾语是第三人称名词或代词。
如：
Let Robert take charge of the marketing department.
Let her join our choir.
(3)表示“警告”、“蔑视”、“威胁”等。
这种祈使句里的宾语也是第三人称为主。除了口气凶悍之外，有时还语带讽刺。
如：
Let him try and he will expose his inability to work on his own.
Let the invaders come and our armed forces will wipe them out in no time.
B、否定的祈使句
句型：·Let‘s(us，me)+not +动词原形～.
·Don’t let +第三人称代词的宾格或名词+动词原形.
Let's not say anything about it.
对于这件事，咱们什么也不要说。
Don't let them play with fire.
别让他们玩火。
C、用"let"的祈使句时，必须注意下列几点：
(1)如果宾语是第三人称用"Don't let....."(见例(c));如果宾语是第一人称，则用"Let......not" (见例(d))：
c. Don't let this type of things happen again.
d. It's rainingnow. Let's not go out until after the rain.
(2)"Let"只适用于现在时，可以有被动语态(the passive voice)。
如：
Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison.
Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted.
(3)"Let"后头除了是不带"to"的不定式动词 (The infinitive without"to")之外，还可以是某些适当的副词，如out,in,down,alone等：
Let the puppy out.
Open the windows and let the fresh air in.
The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down.
Let me alone,please.
(4)用"Let's"时，把谈话者的对象包括在内;用"Let us"时，并不包括对方。
如：
e. Let's try it,shall we?
f. Let us do it by ourselves,will you?
从(e)里的"shall we"和(f)里的"will you"，不难知道前者包括听话人，后者并没有。祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等。谓语动词一律用原形。句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹号或者句号，用降调。
A、祈使句与陈述句的改写
(1)祈使句=You must …(陈述句)
Come here .过来。=You must come here.你必须过来。
(2)Please +祈使句=Will you (please) ～?(陈述句)
Please help me .请帮帮我。
=Will you (please) help me你愿意帮我的忙吗?
Come here on time,please .请准时到这儿。
=Will you (please) come here on time请你准时到好吗?
(3)含有第一、第三人称主语的祈使句
Let‘s say good-bye here.我们在此道别吧。
Don't let him do that again.别让他再那么做了..
B、祈使句与条件句
祈使句有时相当一个“if”引导的条件状语从句。
祈使句：Use your head and you'll find a way.
条件句：If you use your head，you'll find a way.
C、祈使句的反意疑问句形式
(1)Let's表示说话人向对方提出建议，简短问句的主语用we表示，问句用 shall we或 shan't we。
如：
Let's have a cup of tea,shall we (shan't we)
(2)Let me或 Let us表示听话人提出请求，问句用 will you或 won't you.
Let me have a rest,will you (won't you )
注意
回答Let's～的反意疑问句句型时，肯定时用Yes，let''s.否定时用NO，let''s not.
(3)其它的祈使句后可以加一个简短问句，使语气变得客气一些.
如：
Have a rest,will you.
Stand up,will (won't) you.
祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。祈使句分为第二人称祈使句及第—、三人称祈使句两大类。
(1)第二人称祈使句通常用来向听话者发出命令，提出要求或建议。这种祈使句的主语you通常不表示出来，而是以动词原形开头。如：
Stand up!
Don’t worry about!
但如果说话时有多人在场，就得把主语表示出来，或加呼语，以便指明是向谁提出请求或发出命令。如：
Parents with children go the front! 带孩子的家长到前面去!
Mary clean the windows，and you boys wash the floor! 玛丽擦窗户，你们男孩子洗地板!
Come in，everybody! 每个人都进来!
有时将主语表示出来是为了加强语气或表示“不高兴”、“厌烦”、“鄙视”等情绪。如：
Don’t you be late again! 你可别再迟到了!
You get out of here! 你给我滚出去!
Mind your own business，you! 你少管闲事!
(2)第一、三人称祈使句是以第一人称和第三人称代词或者名词等作为祈使的对象，这类祈使句通常以let为引导词表建议。如：
Let’s go! Let us go home!Let him be here by 10 o’clock.
祈使句除用谓语动词表示外，还可用名词、副词、动词短语等表示。如：
Help!
Patience!
Quickly!
Hands up!
祈使句的强调形式是在整个结构之前加do。如：
Do be careful!
Do Stop talking!
Do give my regards to your parents!务必/一定代我向你父母问好!
祈使句的否定形式在整个结构之前加don’t或never(never的语气比don't更强烈)。如：
Don'tanswer the phone while driving. 不要在开车的时候接电话。
Never answer the phone while driving. 决不在开车的时候接电话。
你不要紧张!以let为引导词的祈使句的否定形式通常是在Let’s或Let us/me后加not。如：
Let’s not waste our time arguing about it!咱们别浪费时间争论这事了!
Let’s not say anything about it! 这事咱们谁也别说!
但英式英语也用这样的表达：Don’t let’s say anything about it
(1)祈使句的反意疑问部分为肯定形式，要用shall，will。如：
Pass me the book，will you?
(2)Let’s表示第一人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“Shall we?”。如：
Let’s go for a walk，shall we?
Let’s forget it，shall we?
(3)Let me和Let us 表示第二人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“will you?”。如：
Let us go for a walk，will you?
(4)其它行为动词引起的祈使句，无论其陈述部分是否定还是肯定的祈使句，多用“will you?”，表一种客气的语气。如：
Listen to me，will you?Don’t tell anyone about it，will you?
但在肯定的祈使句后有时也用“won’t you?”表“提醒对方注意”或表“邀请”。如：
Have a cup of coffee，won’t you?
Come in and take a seat，won’t you/will you?
(1)“祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件。
(2)“祈使句+or+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件，or表示“否则;要不然”。试比较：
Hurry up and you’ll catch the train. (=If you hurry up，you’ll catch the train.)
Hurry up，or you’ll miss the train.(=If you don’t hurry up，you’ll miss the train.)
(3)祈使句由直接引语变成间接引语当祈使句由直接引语变成间接引语时，其常用结构为“ask/request/tell/order sb(not)to do sth”。如：
“Speak loudly，please!” the teacher said to me.(=The teacher asked me to speak loudly.)
“Don’t smoke in the meeting room!” he said to Tom.(=He told Tom not to smoke in the meeting room.)
祈使句有时候相当于一个由if 引导的条件状语从句。
如：
Study harder,and you will catch up with the others in your class.
努力学习些，你会赶上班里其他同学的。
If you study harder,you will catch up with the others in your class.
如果你学习再努力些，你会赶上班上其他同学的。
Tom, ______ afraid of speaking in public. You are no longer a small boy.
[ ]
[ ]
| go home, look after, Chinese, skirt, who | |||||||||
| The teacher often says, "______ late for school." | |||||||||
A. Don"t B. Don"t be C. Not be D. Doesn"t | |||||||||
| 根据下列句子及所给汉语注释，写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。每空只写一词。 | |||||||||
| 1. Please (切) me a piece of cake. 2. He has always been a big (迷) of Michael Jackson. 3. Charlie tried to (使平静) the frightened children. 4. It wasn"t very (有礼貌的) of you to serve yourself without asking. 5. Smoking is not (允许) in this restaurant. 6. Is the fire still (燃烧)? 7. The baby"s first front (牙齿) are just coming through. 8. Phone me (今晚) when you get there. 9. (幸好), she was in when I called. 10. It was (明显的) that she was not going home. | |||||||||
| ______ too fast, or you"ll get a ticket for speeding. | |||||||||
A. Don"t drive B. Not drive C. Drive D. Driving | |||||||||
| 根据所给单词，在空格填入正确的单词形式。 | |||||||||
| 1. Let"s _______(begin). 2. Pay attention to _______(listen) to her. 3. Mike _______(go) to school. 4. He can ______(play) soccer. 5. He is a Japanese _______(play). 6. Her _______(foot) are very big. 7. My _______ (friend) parents are doctors. 8. I think ______(it) name"s Mimi. 9. _______ she ______ (have) a long nose? 10. _______(be) your brother a student? 11. They are _______. They come from _______.(China) 12. Let"s go (shop) tomorrow. 13. This blouse is _______(I). 14. Please help the police (find) her. | |||||||||
| —Don"t make any noise. —________. | |||||||||
A. Yes, I won"t B. Yes, I don"t C. No, I don"t D. No, I won"t | |||||||||
| — Help! There is a snake near the house. — ______ afraid. It will go away later. | |||||||||
A. Don"t B. Not C. Don"t be D. Be | |||||||||
| 句型转换。 | |||||||||
| 1. Take the first turning on the left. (同义句) ________________________________________________________ 2. All of the students drew pictures in the classroom. (否定句) ________________________________________________________ 3. It was very dark. He turned on the lights. (将两句合为一句) ________________________________________________________ 4. We"ll meet Kate at school tomorrow. (划线提问) ________________________________________________________ 5. They bought some plates and forks. (否定句) ________________________________________________________ 6. John looks like his mother. (改反意疑问句) ________________________________________________________ 7. What else do we need? (同义句) ________________________________________________________ 8. The book cost me 10 yuan. (同义句) ________________________________________________________ 9. The birds fly in the sky. (用yesterday改写) ________________________________________________________ 10. He walked to work last week. (同义句) ________________________________________________________ | |||||||||
| 动词填空。 | |||||||||
| 1. "______ (not be) late again next time." the teacher said. 2. — Sandy, supper is ready. — Oh, I ______ (come) 3. What would you like ______ (eat)? 4. It"s four in the afternoon. The girl with her friends ______ (dance) in the classroom. 5. — ______ we ______ (go) and help him with English this weekend? All right. 6. After ______ (have) my breakfast, I went to school. 7. — Who ______ (play) the piano just now? — Helen did. 8. The teacher often tells us ______ (listen) carefully in class. 9. This morning, I heard someone ______ (shout) "Help, help!" on my way to school. 10. All the students are looking forward to ______ (go) for an outing. | |||||||||
| "Tom, _______ afraid of speaking in public. You are no longer a small boy." said Mum. | |||||||||
A. not be B. not to be C. be not D. don"t be | |||||||||
| 动词填空： | |||||||||
| 1. Let"s _________ (go) to the Reading Club. 2. We cut some shapes __________ (make) the eyes and the sharp teeth. 3. He enjoys __________ (chat) with his friends after class. 4. Look! The boys ___________ (play) football on the playground. 5. She often goes to school without __________ (have) breakfast. 6. I will finish __________ (read) the book tomorrow. 7. Can you __________ (tell) me about your favourite festival, please? 8. _________ Alice _________ (have) classes on Sunday? 9. Thanks for __________ (tell) me about Halloween. 10. Do you want __________ (go) with us? | |||||||||
| _____, or you"ll have a bad cold. | |||||||||
A. If you put on your sweater B. Put on your sweater C. Putting on your sweater D. To put on your sweater | |||||||||
| Boys and girls, _____ up your hands if you want to take part in the summer camp (夏令营). | |||||||||
A. putting B. to put C. put | |||||||||
| 根据句意从方框中选择合适的动词，并用其适当形式填空。 | |||||||||
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