一、主语+不及物动词(S+V)
[例句]1. The man cooks. 男人做饭。
2. The sun is shining brightly. 太阳在明亮地照耀着。
3. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 我们呼吸、吃和喝。
4. They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
5. They were singing when we arrived. 我们到的时候他们正在唱歌。
[分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点:谓语动词都能表达完整的意思,不需加宾语。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
二、主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+DO)
[例句]1. Who knows the answer?谁知道答案?
2. He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。
3. They ate what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。
4. He said “Good morning.” 他说:“早上好!”
5. I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
[分析]这些句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
三、主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)
[例句]1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
2. The cake smells good. 蛋糕味道很好。
3. Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。
4. He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮。
5. The trouble is that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
6. Our well has gone dry. 我们的井干枯了。
7. His face turned red. 他的脸红了。
[分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点:谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。
四、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)
[例句]1. He brought you a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。
2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫做了一顿美餐。
3. I showed him my pictures.我给他看我的照片。
4. I gave my car a wash.我洗了我的汽车。
5. I told him that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。
6. He showed me how to run the machine.他教我开机器。
[分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思,故这类动词被称作双宾语动词。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。一般来说指人的宾语叫间接宾语,指物的宾语叫直接宾语。通常情况下间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后;有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后,此时间接宾语前需加介词for或to。间接宾语后置与for连用的动词有buy, make, cook, get, choose, sing, find等。例如:
Uncle Li bought me a birthday present.
= Uncle Li bought a birthday present for me. 李叔叔给我买了一件生日礼物。
间接宾语后置与to连用的动词有give, lend, teach, take, return, send, pass等。例如:
Please pass him a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to him.请递给他一杯茶。
注意:若直接宾语是人称代词,通常情况下将其置于间接宾语之前。例如:
误:Please give me them. 正:Please give them to me.
五、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+DO+OC)
[例句]1. They called him James .他们叫他詹姆斯。
2.We will keep the table clean .我们将保持桌面干净。
3. They painted the door green. 他们把门漆成绿色。
4. What makes him think so?他怎么会这样想?
5. We saw him out. 我们送他出去。
6. He asked me to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。
7. I saw them getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。
[分析]这些句子的共同特点是:谓语动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。宾语补足语的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。宾语补足语可以由名词、动词不定式、形容词、副词和介词短语等充当。注意:在使役动词make, let, have等引起的复合宾语中,若宾语补足语是动词不定式,则要省去不定式符号to。例如:
He made us laugh. 他使我们发笑。
I won’t let you go. 我不会让你走。
I have them come tomorrow morning. 我让他们明天早上来。
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A. S + V B. S + V +O C. S +V +P D. S +V+INO +DO E. S+V+O+OC | ||||
Choose the right description of the part of sentence underlined. (选出对句子画线部分结构描述正确的选项.) | ||||
1.It is sometimes hard to understand each other.? A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语 2.I think this is a good way of improving your English.? A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语 3.I just can"t think of anything to say. ? A.主语 B.宾语 C.定语 D.表语 4.Listen to BBC programmes to improve our listening.? A.主语 B.状语 C.宾语 D.表语 5.I want to know where the newspaper is.? A.主语 B.定语 C.宾语 D.表语 6.At a bus stop he sees three people waiting for a bus.? A.主语 B.定语 C.宾语 D.补语 | ||||
选出对句子划线部分结构描述正确的选项。 | ||||
1. It is by the composer Johann Strauss. | ||||
A. 主语 B. 谓语 C. 宾语 D. 表语 | ||||
2. He wants to learn to play techno and be a musician. | ||||
A. 主语 B. 谓语 C. 宾语 D. 表语 | ||||
3. You don"t need to play a musical instrument to be a musician. | ||||
A. 状语 B. 谓语 C. 宾语 D. 表语 | ||||
4. His Waltzes made him famous all over Europe. | ||||
A. 主语 B. 补语 C. 宾语 D. 表语 | ||||
5. There were two composers called Johann Strauss. | ||||
A. 定语 B. 谓语 C. 宾语 D. 表语 | ||||
6. I"m the only one who doesn"t like techno. | ||||
A. 主语 B. 定语 C. 宾语 D. 表语 | ||||
The sentence structure of "Harry Potter and the Death Hallows is very interesting" is________. | ||||
A. S+V B. S+V+DO+OC C. S+V+P D. S+V+DO | ||||
The sentence structure(结构) of "People call her parrot Chatty." is__________. | ||||
A. S+V+P B. S+V+DO+OC C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO | ||||
The sentence structure of "Sandy thought herself a good birdwatcher" is ______. | ||||
A. S+V+P B. S+V C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC | ||||
—What did you give your mother on her fortieth birthday? —I gave her some flowers. The sentence structure is ______. | ||||
A. S+V B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+P D. S+V+DO | ||||
The sentence structure of "The boy is crying." is _____. | ||||
A. S+V B. S+V+P C. S+V+DO D. S+V+IO | ||||
"I found him very interesting" The sentence structure is ____________ | ||||
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-Where would you like to go on your summer holiday, Mike? -I’d like to go ______.
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We have ______ up early in order to catch the early bus.
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He arrived home late _____the heavy rain. A.since B.because C.because of | ||||
My English teacher is easy_____so we all like her. A.to get along with B.get along with C.to get along | ||||
That man is very poor. He even has no room __________.
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I’ve never seen ___ nice photo before. such B. so C. such a D. so a | ||||
I don’t think there is _______ with the computer.
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If you have a holiday, why not ________ on a trip?
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— a year does your school have sports meetings? —Twice a year.
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I sit in the front of the classroom hear clearly. A. so that B. in order to C. in order that | ||||
—Why did you come back so early last night? —There was at the English corner. A. something interesting B. interesting nothing C. nothing interesting | ||||
Lots of children lost their parents _________ the earthquake. A. because B. because of C. instead of | ||||
His talk had __________ me.
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My life has changed a lot during the ____________ years.
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The sentence structure of “ I found the article on wildlife interesting” is ____
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Choose the correct structure of the sentence“Millie gave Amy a book .”
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—_____ will your English teacher come back? —In two days. A. When B. How long C. How soon | ||||
— _________ do you have an Art Festival in your school? — Once a year.
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— ______ do you read English newspapers? —I read China Daily every day.
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— are the apples? — Four yuan a kilo.
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— ______ do I save the document on the computer? —Please click “save” and write a name for it
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I don’t want to read this book. There is _______ in it.
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We call the baby panda Xi Wang. Xi Wang in this sentence is________.
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There is ________ with my computer. It doesn’t work now.
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----- do you visit your grandparents? -------Once a month. A How soon B How long C How much D How often | ||||
—_________ do you go to movies? —Once a month..
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—__________ is it to your home town from here? — Well, it takes a little over three hours to get there by coach.
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—___________ do you play computer games every week? —About two hours.
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