简述北魏孝文帝改革的历史背景、主要措施和意义。                                                         

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简述北魏孝文帝改革的历史背景、主要措施和意义。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

答案

背景：当时北方出现了民族大融合的趋势
措施：在朝廷中必须使用汉语，禁用鲜卑语；官员及其家属必须穿戴汉族服饰；将鲜卑族的姓氏改为           汉族姓氏；鼓励鲜卑贵族与汉族贵族联姻；采用汉族的官制、律令；学习汉族的礼法，尊崇孔           子，以孝治国，提倡尊老养老的风气  意义：促进了民族的融合。