Almost all cultures celebrate the end of one year and the beginning of another i
题型：不详难度：来源：
In Western countries, people usually celebrate New Year at midnight on December 31st-January 1st. People may go to parties, sometimes dressed in formal（正式的）clothes, and the may drink champagne（香槟）at midnight. During the first minutes of the new year, people cheer and wish each other happiness for the year ahead. But some cultures prefer to celebrate the new year by waking up early to watch the sun rise. They welcome the new wear with the first light of the sunrise.
Many cultures also do special things to get rid of（摆脱）bad luck at the beginning of a new year. For example, in Ecuador, families make a big doll from old clothes. The doll is filled with old newspapers and firecrackers. At midnight, these dolls are burned to show the bad things from the past year are gone and the new year can start afresh（重新）. Other common traditions to keep away bad luck in a new year include throwing things into rivers or the ocean, or saying special things on the first day of the new year.
Other New Year traditions are followed to bring good luck in the new year. One widespread Spanish tradition for good luck is to eat grapes on New Year’s Day. The more grapes a person eats, the more good luck the person will have in the tear. In France, people eat pancakes for good luck at New Year. In the United States, some people eat black-eyed peas for good luck-but to get good luck for a whole year you have to eat 365 of them!
小题1: The reading is mainly about_____.
| A．the meaning of “Happy New Year!” |
| B．several different New Year traditions |
| C．what to eat on New Year’s Day |
| D．why people dress up nicely on New Year’s Day |
| A．some cultures celebrate New Year in the morning |
| B．the Western people celebrate New Year only on New Year’s Day |
| C．people in Ecuador go to parties on December 31st-January 1st |
| D．no cultures do special things to celebrate New Year |
| A．bring good luck | B．keep away bad luck |
| C．forget everything | D．plan for the next year |
| A．friends talk to each other in special ways |
| B．families make big dolls filled with old clothes |
| C．some people get up early to watch the sunrise |
| D．Europeans eat 365 grapes on New Year’s Day |
| A．one pea brings one day of luck |
| B．black-eyed peas are the best medicine |
| C．the peas are too black and taste bad |
| D．the peas are helpful to count numbers |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:B
小题4:C
小题5:A
解析
试题分析：这篇短文给我们讲述的是不同的文化有不同的庆祝新年的方式，如有的国家是在半夜就开始庆祝新年的到来，而有的国家是早起，看到新年的第一缕阳光来庆祝新年。在新年的时候，还有很多不同的传统习俗，作者给我们举了很多例子来说明。
小题1:主旨大意题。这篇短文的第一段是本文的中心，根据这一段中Different cultures celebrate the beginning of a new year in different ways, and at different times on the calendar.我们可知，不同的文化有不同的庆祝新年的方式，而且是在不同的时间。从下一段开始作者给我们讲述了具体有什么不同。因此B选项几种不同的新年传统最符合文意。故选B。
小题2:细节理解题。根据短文第二段中But some cultures prefer to celebrate the new year by waking up early to watch the sun rise.可知，在一些国家里，人们更喜欢早起看日出，用这样的方式庆祝新年的到来。由此可知选A。
小题3:细节理解题。根据短文第三段中Other common traditions to keep away bad luck in a new year include throwing things into rivers or the ocean可知，还有一些传统是把一些东西扔到河里或海洋里，代表着在新的一年里远离坏运气。由此可知选B。
小题4:细节理解题。根据短文第二段中But some cultures prefer to celebrate the new year by waking up early to watch the sun rise. They welcome the new wear with the first light of the sunrise.可知，在一些国家里，人们更喜欢早起看日出，他们用看到新年的第一缕阳光这样的方式来庆祝新年的到来。故选C。
小题5:细节理解题。根据短文最后一句话In the United States, some people eat black-eyed peas for good luck-but to get good luck for a whole year you have to eat 365 of them!可知，在美国，一些人吃黑眼豆来获得好运。为了整整一年都有好运气，你必须得吃365粒豆子。由此我们可以推断出吃一粒豆子可以得到一天的好运，故选A。
举一反三
The Netherlands is rich in culture and art. It is home of many great artists, for example, Vincent van Gogh. Besides fine art, the Netherlands is also called the country of tulips (郁金香). It has the world’s largest tulip garden: Keukenhof garden.
Dutch people are very hard-working. There’s a saying: “God made the Earth, but the Dutch made Holland.” More than a quarter of the country is below sea level. So Dutch people build many dams (水坝) to protect the country from flooding. They have created almost one sixth of the country from seas and rivers!
Did you know?
◆ Rubber ducks are popular around the world. Dutch artist Florentijn Hofman created it in 2007. The yellow duck is 26 metres high.
◆ Wooden clogs (木底鞋) are traditional shoes in the Netherlands. They make good gifts for tourists.
◆ In the Netherlands, it is impolite to start eating at once. Dutch people will sometimes say “delicious” before eating.
◆ Like the UK, the Netherlands also has
kings and queens.
小题1:Taiwan, China is than the Netherlands in area.
| A．a bit smaller | B．much larger | C．much smaller | D．a little larger |
| A．hard-working Dutch people |
| B．culture in the Netherlands |
| C．Dutch artists |
| D．size of the Netherlands |
| A．Table manners. | B．Artists. | C．Weather. | D．Tulips. |
| A．16% | B．25% | C．60% | D．75% |
| A．China and the Netherlands have been neighouring countries for a long time. |
| B．Keukenhof garden is famous for tulips. |
| C．The Dutch may give foreign friends wooden clogs as small presents. |
| D．In the Netherlands, it’s good manners to praise (称赞) the food before eating. |
One of the most famous department stores in New York City is Macy"s.There are over 850 Macy"s stores all over the US, but the flagship store is in Herald Square,Manhattan---just around the corner from the Empire State Building. Interestingly, Rowland Macy, the company founder ( 创始人 ), opened his first shops between 1843 and 1855, but they weren"t successful. However, Macy learned from his mistakes, and in 1858 he moved to New York. He opened his first New York store on October 18, 1858 and was immediately successful. Macy"s is especially famous for its Thanksgiving Day Parade, which marks the beginning of the Christmas season.
One of the oldest shops in London is Fortnum & Mason.
It was founded by William Fortnum and Hugh Mason in
1707 in central London. Originally, the shop only sold food, but these days, it sells all kinds of other things including clothes, books and games. It has the "Gentleman"s Department" on the top floor, a famous tea shop and several restaurants. The business started out small, but in 1761, William Fortnum’s grandson, Charles, went to work for Queen Charlotte. As a result, the royals ( 皇家 ) started shopping there and continues to now. In fact, Queen Elizabeth visited Fortnum"s last year. Fortnum"s is really famous for its hampers, which are baskets of food. There are picnic hampers and Christmas hampers that are full of wines and Christmas food. They are extremely popular, but also expensive and can cost up to £25.000.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号涂在答题卡相应位置。
小题1: How old is the store Macy"s which was first opened in New York?
| A．60. | B．158. | C．155. | D．160. |
| A．He moved to New York. |
| B．He opened a flagship store. |
| C．He began Christmas season. |
| D．He learned from his mistakes. |
| A．Food. | B．Books. |
| C．Games. | D．Clothes. |
| A．Fortnum & Mason used to be a small shop. |
| B．The hampers from Fortnum & Mason are popular but expensive. |
| C．Macy"s Thanksgiving Day Parade means the beginning of Christmas season. |
| D．William Fortnum worked for Queen Elizabeth. |
| A．A music magazine. | B．A clothes ad. |
| C．A sports poster. | D．A fashion guidebook. |
| Characters | Characteristics |
 Slowy | Slowy is an adult goat, serving as the elder and head of the lamb village. His character design is somewhat based on Albert Einstein, with wild frizzy hair, a mustache, and a pair of glasses. He is a scientist and develops machines to protect their school though he is slower than a snail and uses a walking stick. In addition, when he thinks too hard, his head will begin to grow leaves. |
 Weslie | Weslie is the main character of the series. He wears a blue ribbon around his neck with a bell. Weslie is positive, observant, clever and always supportive of his friends. He takes a leadership role in his class and among his peers and is Slowy’s assistant. And in general, he is often the first to feel danger and see through Wolffy’s plans. |
 Paddi | Paddi hates working and likes to sleep. He is often the first caught by Wolffy. Paddi is the cleverest goat of all of them too, although this is seldom seen because of his laziness. He is sometimes a bit selfish. He is also one of the most popular characters. |
 Wolffy | Wolffy always wears an orange cap with a yellow patch and has a scar under his eye. He always thinks of clever plans to catch the goats, but he usually ends up being defeated. His failures to catch goats are met with angry scolding and violence from his wife, such as being hit over the head with a frying pan. Even so, his love for Wolnie never disappears. Sometimes he is seen as a respectable cartoon figure because of his faithfulness to his wife and his effort to catch goats. |
 Wolnie | Wolnie is Wolffy’s wife, who is always dressed in a red robe with black and white trims. She always hits him with her frying pan whenever his plans fail; however, she does love her husband. She is actually very smart and while her husband can think of strange inventions to catch goats, her simple ideas are the ons that are actually successful. |
小题1:The animated television series is aired on TV stations EXCEPT_________.
| A．Hong Kong’s TVB | B．BTV Animation Channel |
| C．CCTV | D．A TV station in outer space |
| A．4 | B．2 | C．3 | D．5 |
A. the inventor Edison B. the scientist Albert Einstein
B. the thinker Confucious D. the leader Mao Zedong
小题4:What do you think of Woffy?
| A．His plans always fail, so he is foolish. |
| B．He is always scolded and hit by his wife, so he will leave the castle soon. |
| C．He wears a red cap with a yellow patch and has a scar under his eye. |
| D．He is seen as a respectable cartoon figure by people because of his faithfulness to his wife and his effort to catch goats. |
| A．Weslie is positive, observant, clever but selfish. |
| B．Weslie is often the first to feel danger and see through Wolffy’s plans. |
| C．Paddi hates working and likes to sleep, but he is the most intelligent goat of all of them. |
| D．Though Wolnie often shouts at and hits her husband with her frying pan whenever his plans fail, she does love her husband. |
Well, when a rabbit sees something dangerous, it runs away. Its tail moves up and down as it runs. When other rabbits see this tail moving up and down, they run too. They know that there is danger. The rabbit has told them something without making a sound. It has given them a signal.
Many other animals use this kind of language. When a bee found some food, it goes back to his home. It cannot tell the other bees where the food is by speaking to them, but it does a little dance in the air. This tells the bees where the food is.
Some animals say things by making sounds. A dog barks, for example, when a stranger
comes near. A cat purrs (发出呼噜呼噜的声音)when pleased. Some birds make several different sounds, each with its own meaning.
But human beings have something that no animals have –-- a large number of words about things, actions, feelings or ideas. We are able to give each other information, to tell or inform other people what is in our mind or how we feel. By writing words down we can remind ourselves of the things what have happened, or send messages to people far away. No animals can do this. No animals has the wonderful power of language.
No one knows how man learned to make words. Somehow he learned to make them. As centuries went by, he made more and more new words. This is what we mean by language. People living in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred different languages in the world. A very large English dictionary, for example, contains four or five hundred thousand words. But we do not know all these. The words we know are called vocabulary. We should try to make our vocabulary larger. Read as many books as possible. When we meet a new word, look it up in the dictionary. A dictionary is the Most useful book.
小题1: When a rabbit gives the other rabbits a signal of danger, it _______.
| A．runs into its hole |
| B．stops to move its tail |
| C．runs with its tail moving up and down |
| D．stops moving its tail up and down as it runs |
| A．by giving signals | B．by making different sounds |
| C．by purring | D．by barking |
| A．give the others information |
| B．tell others how it feels |
| C．express it actions and feelings with words |
| D． make different sounds, each with its own meaning |
| A．all the words that we know |
| B．more and more words we use |
| C．all the words we need |
| D．the dictionary which contains thousands of words |
| A．Make more and more new words. |
| B． Learn more languages. |
| C． Look up any new words in a dictionary. |
| D． Try to read as many books as possible. |
Americans lived on farms, the typical family had many children. In a farm family, parents and their children
often lived with grandparents. Often too, uncles and aunts lived nearby. But when industry became more
important than agriculture in American life, families became smaller because industry requires workers who are
ready and able to move off the land and to move again whenever necessary. And large families cannot be moved
from place to place as smaller families can. So, at present people tend to have smaller families.
In the future, because of industrialization, a typical family will be required to move even more often than
now, so families will be even smaller. The typical family may remain childless and consist only of a man and a
woman. A small number of families may take raising children as their chief work. At the same time they may
also raise other people"s children, leaving those families free to move from job to job.
B. Influence of science and industry on American families.
C. Harmful effect of industrialization.
D. Social problems resulting from the highly developed science and industry in America.
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