When we"re learning a foreign language, making sense of what we hear is the firs
题型：不详难度：来源：
When we"re learning a foreign language, making sense of what we hear is the first step toward fluency. It sounds obvious, but until recently, we didn"t know much about how listening works. New research shows that effective listening involves more than simply hearing the words that float past our ears. Rather, it"s an active process of analysing information and making meaning.
Studies of skilled language learners have identified specific listening strategies that lead to excellent comprehension. In addition to that benefit, research has shown that learners who adopt these strategies become better listeners.
So what are listening strategies? Skilled learners go into a listening activity with a sense of what they want to get out of it. They set a goal for their listening, and they make predictions about what the speaker will say. Before the talking begins, they review what they already know about the subject, and form an intention to “listen out for”what"s important. Once they begin listening, these learners maintain their focus; if their attention wanders, they bring it back to the words being spoken. They don"t allow themselves to be thrown off by confusing or unfamiliar details. Instead, they take note of what they don"t understand and later make inferences(推测)about what those things might mean, based on other clues available to them: their previous knowledge of the subject, the identity of the speaker, and so on. All the while, skilled learners are evaluating what they"re hearing and their own understanding of it. They"re checking their inferences to see if they"re correct.
Such strategies are all about thinking, and they produce a variety of benefits. Research indicates that such learners are better at analysing and storing new information, better at finding the best ways to practice what they have learned. Last year, for example, University of Ottawa researcher Larry Vandergrift published his study of 106 undergraduates who were learning French as a second language. Half of the students were taught in a traditional fashion, listening to and practicing texts spoken aloud. The other half, dealing with the same skill level and taught by the same teacher, were given clear instruction on how to listen. In the journal Language Learning, Vandergrift reported the results: The second group “significantly outperformed(胜过)” the first one on a test of comprehension. In a 2006 study by researchers from Singapore, Chinese speakers who were learning English as a second language reported increased motivation and confidence after they were taught metacognitive strategies.
Though listening is often treated as a way to make others feel appreciated, it"s also one of the most powerful tools we have to gain information and insight(洞察力).
General idea of paragraphs
| Detailed information
| __小题1:__of effective listening
| It includes our hearing the words and _小题2:_of the information to get the meaning.
| The _小题3:__of specific listening strategies
| ★It will lead to excellent comprehension.
★Learners _小题4:_them can become better listeners.
| Listening strategies
| ★Review the _小题5:__fact about the subject.
★Set a goal for listening.
★__小题6:__the speaker"s information.
★Maintain the _小题7:__on the words being spoken.
★Take note of the confusing details for later inferences.
★Evaluate the information being heard, the understanding of it and its __小题8:__.
| The results of the experiment
| Learners are more __小题9:__and confident.
| _小题10:__
| Listening can make others feel appreciated and help the listeners gain information and insight.
|
|
答案
小题1:Definition
小题2:analysis
小题3:benefits
小题4:adopting
小题5:known
小题6:Predict
小题7:focus
小题8:accuracy
小题9:motivated
小题10:Conclusion |
解析
学外语练听力基本策略。
小题1:解析 右栏是下定义。
答案 Definition
小题2:解析 由Rather, it"s an active process of analysing information and making meaning可见答案。
答案 analysis
小题3:解析 第二段讲的是优点，由In addition to that benefit可见答案。
答案 benefits
小题4:解析 由research has shown that learners who adopt these strategies become better listeners.可知答案。
答案 adopting
小题5:解析 由Before the talking begins, they review what they already know about the subject可知答案。
答案 known
小题6:解析 由．..later make inferences(推测)about what those things might mean可知答案。
答案 Predict
小题7:解析 由Once they begin listening, these learners maintain their focus可知答案。
答案 focus
小题8:由All the while, skilled learners are evaluating what they"re hearing...to see if they"re correct.可知答案。
答案 accuracy
小题9: 由倒数第二段的Chinese speakers...reported increased motivation...可知答案。
答案 motivated
小题10:最后一段是总结。
答案 Conclusion |
举一反三
阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的字数要求）
［1］With the right encouragement and tools，children can develop leadership qualities that are important to help them succeed in all areas of life. Leadership activities and games help build these skills by enabling children to become more self-aware and improve their self-respect.
［2］ Good leaders call convey their thoughts and feelings effectively. Poetry, short stories or drawing are ideal activities to .Introduce children to the concept of leadership .Ask children to think about what makes a great leader and then express their ideas. Games like blind obstacle courses can build communication skills as well.
[3]Planning and organizing is a fundamental leadership quality．Children can learn this skill by helping to plan a concert or play .Instead of assigning just one leader, ___________small ones and assign leaders to each group .One group can be in charge of assigning roles and the second could be in charge of making invitations. How you distribute leadership roles will vary depending on the age of the children and what you have chosen to perform.
［4］Compromise is a skill of many effective leaders .Goals are achieved faster when arguments don′ t slow the process. Activities that teach children the art of compromise help them to negotiate with friends and family naturally．Group science projects, for example，can help enable children to learn how to compromise and negotiate. The success or failure of the project will depend on the children’s ability to negotiate and work together．
［5］The ability to work well with others is another important leadership skill. Team sports like baseball can teach children how to work as a group and that their contribution is important to the overall success of the team. This builds their confidence and encourages them to think beyond themselves and their individual needs.
小题1:What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4? （no more than 10 words）
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小题2:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3with proper words(no more than 6 words)
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小题3:Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 into Chinese
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小题4:How do you distribute leadership roles when planning a play?(no more than 14 words)
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小题5:Through what activities can you introduce children to the concept of leadership?(no more than 6 words)
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阅读下面短文回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的词数要求）。
〔1〕There are many useful suggestions and pieces of advice that can help one to improve English. Here are some useful suggestions and new tips to increase one’s English language vocabulary.
〔2〕Learning English vocabulary is about much more than just learning the right words. A broad grasp of vocabulary in the English language is based on understanding important expressions and “word combinations”, which means groups of words that often or always go together.
〔3〕Learning a word will not help very much if you quickly forget it. Research shows that it takes from 10 to 20 repetitions to really make a word part of your vocabulary. Since most words are learned from how they are used in context （上下文）, the more words one is exposed to（接触）, The easier one will find English to learn . Keep a writing pad close to you. When you read, pay close attention to the word you do not know, write the word down and try to figure out its meaning from the context. Then_______________________ in a dictionary.
〔4〕Remember that if you do not use English words that you have just learned in conversation or writing, you will forget them very quickly. So the best way to learn new words effectively is just by trying to use them in conversation and writing. Remember also that practice is the key to fluent spoken English.
〔5〕Building vocabulary is a life-long task. Remember, “In the beginning was the word.” Your future could depend on how rich your vocabulary is. It will also determine the quality of your communication.
小题1:What is the main idea of the text? (no more than 10 words)
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小题2:Complete the following statement with proper words. (no more than 5 words)
If you want to learn new words effectively, the best way is using them ____ ____.
小题3:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words. (no more than 5words)
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小题4:Why does the author think context is important in learning English? (no more than 15 words)
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小题5:What does the word “it” (Line 1, Paragraph 3) probably refer to? (no more than 9 words)
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阅读下面的短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到题后的横线上（请注意问题后的词数要求）。
1 A flood is the overflow of a huge amount of water onto normally dry land. Flooding occurs when the overflowing water submerges (淹没) land, and it causes a lot of problems. It is a cruel and violent expression of water.
2 Floods are often deadly and damaging. They kill lots of people, damage houses and crops, and cause extensive destruction. In broader terms, floods are of two types: natural floods and catastrophic floods. Natural floods are the floods that are caused naturally by the overflow of a huge volume of water, from rivers, lakes, oceans, or by heavy rain or downpours, hurricanes, and so on. Catastrophic floods are floods that are caused by some significant (重大的) or unexpected events, for instance, dam breakages.
3 Heavy rainfall is one of the major causes of floods. The level of water in rivers or lakes rises due to heavy rainfall. When the level of water rises above the river banks or dam, the water starts overflowing, which causes floods. Floods occur more in the regions that ____________.
4 Floods are also caused due to heavy snow melting. Global temperatures are rising due to global warming. The rising temperatures are making the snow caps melt faster. Continuous and fast melting snow raises the level of water in the oceans, which consequently raises the level of water in rivers, and when the level of water in rivers rises above the river banks, it causes floods.
5 Generally, floods occur more in low-lying areas or areas below sea level. One of the main reasons is that rivers flow slowly in these areas. The volume of water increases in low-lying areas. When the level of water rises in these regions, it causes floods.
6 Sometimes floods are caused due to poor dams that cannot hold great volume of water. Therefore, there are always different causes of floods. However, floods caused by humans can be avoided. Humans should let the nature go its own way.
小题1:What is the main idea of the passage? （no more than 5 words）
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小题2:When do floods occur? (no more than 6 words)
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小题3:What causes catastrophic floods? (no more than 8 words)
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小题4:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 wit proper words. (no more than 4 words )
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小题5:What does the word “They” (Line 1, Paragraph 2) probably refer to? (1 word)
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阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。（请注意问题后的词数要求）
The Japanese love to give gifts．This habit is not practiced only on special occasions，but it’s widely accepted as social responsibility．Because gift-giving is an important social aspect of Japanese life．It’s important to be aware of some key factors．
Devalue the gifts you give．The important thing is to act and seem modest．You don’t want the receiver to think that you are arrogant or proud．Denigrate（贬低）your gift as much as possible．It doesn’t matter if the label on the box bears the symbol for a famous brand，The Japanese value the appearance of a modest gift-giver who tries to stay from praise．
Praise the gift you receive．Although praising may seem obvious，overpraising the gift is the key．It’s also important to praise the fine taste of the gift-giver in making that particular choice for you．And don’t forget to give a thousand and one thanks．
__________________, unless you are urged to do so．And when you do，you must take the utmost care in unwrapping it．Don’t look eager，and be careful that you don’t tear the paper or cut the ribbon．After observing，praising，and thanking，be sure to rewrap the gift as if it had never been opened．Try to appear as if you take great pride in the value of it the gift．
Choose gifts with practical value．In general，don’t buy things such as ornaments，vases，and kitchenware，it’s already assumed that everyone has these things．To do so may suggest that you don’t approve of the other person’s taste．Also，most Japanese houses are very small and don’t have extra space for useless junk．
小题1:What is the best title for the passage?（no more than l0 words）．
小题2:Fill in the blank in the fourth paragraph with proper words．（no more than 6 words）
小题3:List three kinds of things you’d better not buy for a Japanese friend．
① _____ ② _____ ③
小题4:Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into Chinese．
小题5:What do the Japanese usually do when they receive a gift? （no more than l0 words）
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阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的词数要求）。
[1]Many people complain about their work day by day, however, we have some suggestions for you. Just keep all these in mind, and you are sure to feel happier than before.
[2]☆People Need You. There"s always someone who relies on you, no matter what type of work you do. The public rely on the toilet cleaners to keep the toilets fresh. The public rely on the trash men to remove their unwanted garbage. So recognize that there are always those who need you to do a good job. Please don"t let them down.
[3]☆Plan Out Your Day. Often, we"ll find a day disappears as quickly as it arrives because we get bogged down with minor chores and emergencies that keep appearing. These minor fires mean we don"t get to tackle the much bigger fires, which would give us a lot more satisfaction.
[4]What"s the best way to deal with this? Plan out your day. At the end of your shift, decide what “major fires” need putting out tomorrow. Plan out when you"ll tackle these major issues, and then stick to that plan no matter what little embers may pop up.
[5]☆Do something different. Consistency is a good thing to have at work. But what isn"t good to have is the same routine, day after day. It drags you down, it makes you tired early in the day, and it kills any motivation you have for the job.
[6]Do something different! Step out of your routine and take a fresh look at things. Inject some variety into your days, even if it"s something as simple as taking a different route to work.
[7]☆______________. It amazes me sometimes how little some people actually know about their work colleagues. Your colleagues are not robots. They"re other human beings too, breathing and talking and trying to make a living, just like you. So treat them as human beings. Get to know them a bit better each day by asking a different question, or by starting a new topic. Share experiences with them, and they"ll realize that you"re human too, and that it"s OK to talk with each other about something other than work.
小题1:What is this passage mainly about? (no more than 8 words)
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小题2:Why should we deal with the bigger issues first? (no more than 10 words)
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小题3:How to plan your day out according to the passage? (no more than 10 words)
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小题4:What’s the writer’s attitude towards the same routine at work? (one word)
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小题5:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 7 with proper words. (no more than 5 words)
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