简答题（共3小题；每小题1.5分，满分4.5分）Tsunamis (海啸) are a series of huge waves created by an u

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简答题（共3小题；每小题1.5分，满分4.5分）
Tsunamis (海啸) are a series of huge waves created by an underground movement such as an earthquake or a volcanic eruption (火山喷发) . A tsunami can travel hundreds of miles per hour in the open ocean and hit the land with huge waves.
From the area where the tsunamis come, waves travel in all directions. Once the waves approach the coast, the

y will become more than 100 feet in height. The topography (地形) of the coastline and the ocean floor will influence the size of the wave. There may be more than one wave and the latter one may be larger than the one before. That is why a small tsunami at one beach can be a huge wave a few miles away.
All tsunamis are dangerous, even if they may not damage every coastline they strike. A tsunami can strike anywhere along most of the US coastline. Many harmful tsunamis have occurred along the coasts of California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska and Hawaii.
A movement of the ocean floor, caused by earthquakes, most often causes tsunamis. If a tsunami occurs close to a coast, the first wave could reach the beach in a few minutes, even before a warning is given. Areas are at greater risk if they are less than 25 feet above sea level and within a mile of the coastline. Drowning is the most common cause of death during a tsunami. Tsunami waves are very harmful to buildings. Other dangers include floods, pollution of drinking water, and fires from gas lines.
An accurate prediction (预报) system will allow authorities (官方) to issue timely warnings and save lives in the event of a shore-bound tsunami. But forecasting tsunamis accurately is very difficult because the ocean is usually calm before they strike land.
65. What can cause tsunamis according to the passage? ( 回答词数不超过6个 )
66. What harm can a tsunami bring besides killing people and damaging buildings? ( 回答词数不超过15个 )
67. Why is it very difficult to forecast tsunami accurately ? ( 回答词数不超过9个 )

答案

65. Underground movements.
66. Floods, pollution of drinking water, and fires from gas lines.
67. Because usually there are no warnings before they occur.

解析

略

举一反三

According to a new study, preschool boys perform better on tests that measure learning and other important skills when they are in classes that have more girls than boys. This doesn’t seem to apply to girls, though. For preschool girls, the presence or absence of boys does not affect learning.
“The study raises questions about having all-boy or all-girl classes for preschool”, says psychologist Arlen Moller, who led the study. She added, “Previous researches have shown that high-school girls may study better in all-g irl schools. In middle school, however, the effects of same-sex schooling

are unclear, and even less is known for very young kids.” To find out, researchers studied 70 preschool classes with a total of 806 children who were between 3.5 and 6 years old. For each class, teachers recorded the student’s progress over a 6.5-month school year.
Their data included scores of motor skills, social skills and thinking skills. Researchers found that boys developed each of these skills more quickly when there were more girls in the class than boys.
In majority-girl classrooms, boys developed at the same rate as girls. But in classes where boys were the majority, boys developed more slowly than girls. Girls tended to advance in classrooms which had any combination of boys and girls.
The study is one of the first to look at how the proportion of boys and girls in a class affects learning. Because it’s a new finding, researchers don’t know why this difference exists.
“This is an exciting topic, but it’s too early to draw any conclusion because this area is so under-explored,” says psychologist Lean Malofeeva of the High/Scope Educational Research Foundation in Ypsilanti, Michigan.
81．What is the finding of the researchers led by Arlen Moller? (no more than 15 words)(2 marks)

82．According to the research , what effect does a minority-girl class have on boy’s study?(no more than 8 words)(3 marks)

83．How does Lean Malofeeva find the study of the researchers led by Arlen Moller?(no more than 6 words)(3 marks)

84．List three abilities the researchers focused on. (on more than 7 words)(3 marks)

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第II卷（共45分）
第四部分书面表达（共两节，满分45分）
第一节阅读表达（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）
【1】We"re increasingly living in a world where physical activity has stopped being a day-to-day part of our lives. We have domestic appliances to wash and dry for us and cars to get us around, and with the decline in manual labour many of us spend our working day sitting at desks.
【2】 In fact, there"s a well-established theory that moderate physical activity is, for most people, the best way to better health. If you start off doing too much too soon, you"ll get fed up and stop, get injured or even make yourself ill. So what"s the right amount of exercise to get fit and healthy without injuring yourself in the process?
【3】 According to the government, only 37 per cent of men and 24 per cent of women take enough exercise to get any benefit from it. ____________obesity, heart disease and other life-limiting conditions, the chief medical officer (the government"s top doctor) recommends the following:
【4】 Adults should do a minimum of 30 minutes moderate-intensity physical activity, five days a week.
【5】You don"t have to do the whole 30 minutes in one go. Your half-hour could be made up of three ten-minute bursts of activity spread through the day, if you prefer.
【6】The activity can be a "lifestyle activity" (in other words, walking to the shops or taking the dog out) or structured exercise or sport, or a combination of these. But it does need to be of at least moderate intensity.
【7】People who are at specific risk from obesity, or who need to manage their weight because of a medical condition, need 45-60 minutes of exercise at least five times a week.
【8】 For bone health, activities that produce high physical stresses on the bones are necessary 76. What is the purpose of the passage? （within 12 words）
___________________________________________________________________________
77. Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?
Day by day, we neglect the fact that physical activity is an important part of our lives.
__________________________________________________________________________
78. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words. （within 5 words）
___________________________________________________________________________
79. List three factors that make people less active based on the passage. (within 8 words）
① _____________________ ② _____________________③ _______________________
80. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 into Chinese.
_____________________________________________________________________________

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阅读表达（共5小题；每小题3分，满分l 5分）
Do you want to work with people or animals or machines or tools? Do you want to work indoors or outdoors, directly serve people in need or serve people behind the scenes? These are the typical questions that a volunteer service agency would ask.
Every year, thousands and thousands of people in the west offer volunteer services. Volunteering greatly strengthens the community partly because it helps the old, the young, the weak, the sick, the disabled and the injured to overcome difficulties.
Volunteers usually help in many different ways. They may give people advice, offer friendship to the young, drive the elderly to church, counsel kids against drugs. Work as an assistant in a school or nursing home, raise funds, plant trees, help out in local libraries and do many other things.
Volunteering can be a few hours a week or a few hours a month, time during the day, evenings or weekends, either part time or full time. Anybody __________ can become a volunteer.
The art of volunteering is a process of both giving and receiving. Volunteering allows volunteers to meet new people and make new friends and mix with people from all walks of life. Volunteering is an excellent way to experiment, practice and try out new techniques and skills. It is much more effective to practice a skill than to read about it or study it in a classroom. Volunteering is a great way to develop good teamwork skills, discover your individual talents and explore career choices. Being a volunteer takes individuals on a wonderful journey and helps them learn many important things beyond their school.
76. What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________________77. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
Volunteer service can provide chances for volunteers to make acquaintance of all kinds of people.
_______________________________________________________________________78. Please fill in the blank in the fourth paragraph with proper words, phrases or sentences to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words.)
______________________________________________________________________
79. What kind of volunteer jobs would you like to take? Why? (Please answer within 30 words)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
80. Translate the underlined sentence in the fifth paragraph into Chinese?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入适当的单词。（注意：每个空格只填一个单词）
Women smoking cigars were not common for a very long time.Cigar smoking was for very wealthy men and a very few wealthy women. Cigar smoking was seen as a male choice,and smoking fine cigars proved that you had a very good business sense and a successful business.
Cigars represent masculinity(男子气概)—due to their large shape,money –because you have to have a lot of money in order to buy fine vigars ,and power –if you want to intimidate (恐吓) a personal，smoke a cigar. The average women didn’t have their own income to spend and buy cigars in the past ,but now as women gain their own incomes, they are picking up on smoking cigars due to their own wealth. … …

Title	61. smoking cigars
The situation before	●Women 62. smoked cigars Compared with men. ●Only wealthy men and women could afford cigars. ●Smoking fine cigars meant you Were a successful 63.
What cigars 64.	●Masculinity- because cigars have a large shape. ●Wealth – because cigars 65. Much money. ●Power –because cigars mean a high social position.

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Read the following passage．Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and required words limit．Write your answers on your answer sheet.
Richard Wagner was a German musician who lived in the mid-19^th century．He gained fa

me by writing opera, a form of performance combining singing, music on instruments, and drama.
Wagner’s life and work have been very controversial(有争议的)．While he wrote excellent music, many people think his operas are too dark and serious, lacking tile fun co

mmon in operas written before his time.
Wagner, on the other hand, thought the opera of his time was too simple．He wanted to make opera a serious form of art that combined drama and music to tell deep stories that would have a strong effect on the audience.
Some people thought Wagner’s new kind of music was too different from the operas they were used to hearing．Wagner agreed with them．In fact, he didn’t call his works “operas” at all, using instead a German word that means “Musical Festival” or “Musical play”.
While many people today still do not like Wagner’s operas, they cannot deny that Wagner had a lot of influence on opera as a form of art．Wagner invented the tradition of turning off the lights before starting a play．He also was the first person to make the whole audience sit down for an entire play．Today, almost all operas are performed in this manner.
Wagner as a man was even more controversial than Wagner as a writer of music．He hated Jewish people, slept with his friends’ wives, and made many people angry, which we would today think of as evil．Some would say he was a good musician, while others would say that he was a bad musician．But it would be difficult to say he was not an important person in music and in the world.
81．What is the best word that describes Wagner? (no more than one word)
82．What does the underlined word “deep” in Para．3 mean? (no more than 3 words)
83．Why does the author say “Wagner as a man was even more controversial”? (no more than 15 words)
84．List two things that showed Wagner had a lot of influence on opera? (no more than 30 words)

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