C Susan Sontag（1933—2004） was one of the most noticeable figures in the world o
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C
Susan Sontag（1933—2004） was one of the most noticeable figures in the world of literature. For more than 40 years she made it morally necessary to know everything—to read every book worth reading, to see every movie worth seeing. When she was still in her early 30s，publishing essays in such important magazines as Partisan Review，she appeared as the symbol of American culture life，trying hard to follow every new development in literature，film and art. With great effort and serious judgment，Sontag walked at the latest edges of world culture.
Seriousness was one of Sontag’s lifelong watchwords（格言），but at a time when the barriers between the well-educated and the poor-educated were obvious, she argued for a true openness to the pleasure of pop culture. In“Notes Camp”, the 1964 essay that first made her name，she explained what was then a little—known set of difficult understandings，through which she could not have been more famous.“Notes on Camp”，she wrote，represents“a victory of‘form’ over‘content’,‘beauty’over‘morals’”.
By conviction（信念）she was a sensualist（感觉论者），but by nature she was a moralist（伦理学者），and in the works she published in the 1970s and 1980s，it was the latter side of her that came forward. In“Illness as Metaphor”—published in 1978，after she suffered cancer—she argued against the idea that cancer was somehow a special problem of repressed personalities（被压抑的性格），a concept that effectively blamed the victim for the disease. In fact，re-ex-amining old positions was her lifelong habit.
In America，her story of a 19th century Polish actress who set up a perfect society in California，won the National Book Award in 2000. But it was as a tireless，all-purpose cultural view that she made her lasting fame.
“Sometimes,”she once said，“I feel that，in the end，all I am really defending…is the idea of seriousness，of true seriousness.”And in the end，she made us take it seriously too.
59．The underlined sentence in paragraph l means Sontag ____________.
A．was a symbol of American cultural life
B．developed world literature，film and art
C．published many essays about world culture
D．kept pace with the newest development of world culture
60．She first won her name through____________.
A．her story of a Polish actress
B．her book Illness as Metaphor
C．publishing essays in magazines like Partisan Review
D．her explanation of a set of difficult understandings
61．Susan Sontag’s lasting fame was made upon____________.
A．a tireless，all-purpose cultural view
B．her lifelong watchword: seriousness
C．publishing books on morals
D．enjoying books worth reading and movies worth seeing
62．From the works Susan published in the 1970s and 1980s，we can learn that ____________.
A．she was more a moralist than a sensualist
B．she was more a sensualist than a moralist
C．she believed repressed personalities mainly led to illness
D．she would like to re-examine old positions |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:A |
解析
| 略 |
举一反三
第三部分 阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A.
Have you ever wondered why different animals or pests have their particular colours? Colours in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves.
Birds, especially seagulls, are very fond of locusts, but birds cannot easily catch locusts because locusts change their colours together with the change of the colour of crops. When crops are green, locusts look green. But when crops are ripe, locusts take on exactly the same brown colour as crops have. Some other pests with different colours from plants are usually easily found and eaten by their enemies. So they have to hide themselves in terror for lives and appear only at night.
If you study the animal life in any part of the world, you will find the main use of colouring is to protect themselves. Bears, wolves and other beasts move quietly through forests. They are usually invisible to the eyes of hunters, because they have the colour much like the barks of trees.
An even more strange act remains to be noticed. A kind of fish living in seas can send out a kind of very black liquid when it faces danger. While the liquid spreads over, its enemies cannot find it, and it immediately swims away. Thus, it has existed up to now though it is not powerful at all.
56. This passage mainly talks about ________.
A. the change of colour in locusts
B. the protective coloration of animals and pests
C. how a certain sea fish protects itself
D. animals or pests can dye themselves different colours
57. Locusts are ________ but they are not easily wiped out by their enemies because ________.
A. animals; they are powerful enough B. beasts; they are dangerous to their enemies
C. pests; they take on the same colours as crops D. birds; they fly extraordinarily fast
58. The pests that have different colours from plants usually appear at night because ________.
A. their enemies can easily find them and eat them
B. they have the habit of coming out in darkness
C. it’s easy for them to destroy plants in darkness
D. birds take their rest when night comes
59. Bears and wolves have the same colour as barks of trees because ________.
A. they fear other beasts
B. they like brown or grey colours
C. they enjoy walking through forests quietly
D. the colours help prevent themselves from being noticed |
C
Are some people born clever and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely enough, the answer to both these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius（天才）out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his / her intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of a person’s intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he / she reaches those limits will depend on his / her environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.
It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from the population, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. If on the other hand we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.
Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing,and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part.This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.
64. The writer holds the view that human beings’ intelligence depends on .
A) birth
B) education
C) both birth and environment
D) neither birth nor education
65. It can be learned from the passage that if a child is born with low intelligence, he can .
A) not become a genius.
B) still become a genius if he is given special education.
C) exceed(超过) his intelligence limits in rich surroundings.
D) not fulfill his intelligence in his life.
66. In the second paragraph, “if we take two unrelated people at random from the population” means “if we ”.
A) pick any two persons.
B) choose two persons who are relatives.
C) take out two different persons on purpose.
D) choose two persons with different intelligence.
67. The example of the twins in the third paragraph is used to show .
the importance of their intelligence.
the role of environment on intelligence.
the importance of their social positions.
the part that birth plays. |
D
A new study warns that about thirty percent of the world"s people may not have enough water by the year 2025. A private American organization called Population Action International did the new study. It says more than three-hundred-thirty-five-million people lack enough water now. The people live in twenty-eight countries. Most of the countries are in Africa or the Middle East.
PAI researcher Robert Engelman says by the year 2025, about three-thousand-million people may lack water. At least 18 more countries are expected to have severe water problems. The demand for water keeps increasing. Yet the amount of water on Earth stays the same.
Mr. Engelman says the population in countries that lack water is growing faster than in other parts of the world. He says population growth in these countries will continue to increase.
The report says lack of water in the future may result in several problems. It may increase health problems. Lack of water often means drinking waters not safe. Mr. Engelman says there are problems all over the world because of diseases, such as cholera (霍乱), which are carried in water. Lack of water may also result in more international conflict. Countries may have to compete for water in the future. Some countries now import sixty percent of their fresh water from other countries. This is true of Egypt, the Netherlands, Cambodia, Syria, Sudan, and Iraq. And the report says lack of water would affect the ability of developing to improve their economies. This is because new industries often need a large amount of water when they are beginning. The Population Action International study gives several solutions to the water problem. One way, it says, is to find ways to use water for more than one purpose. Another way is to teach people to be careful not to waste water. A third way is to use less water of agriculture.
68. According to the fourth paragraph, lack of water in the future may result in many problems EXCEPT_______.
A. health problems B. international conflict
C. environmental problems D. economic problems
69. According to the passage, in the following countries, _______is in deep need of water.
A. Colombia B. Syria C. New Zealand D. South Africa
70. The PAI study gives many solutions to the water problem EXCEPT_______.
A. usage of multifunctional water B. water saving
C. using less water of farming D. control of population
71. The most suitable title of the passage is_______.
A. Population and Water B. How to Solve Water Problem
C. International Water Crisis（危机） D. Water—the Life of the Earth |
C
Jenny Bowen, an American living in Beijing, has been selected as the only American to carry the 2008 Beijing Olympic torch on Chinese soil. She and seven other non- Chinese winners were from a pool of 262 applicants from 47 countries.
When Bowen runs with the Olympic torch, she will not only be representing the United States. She will also be representing thousands of Chinese orphans, ABC news said.
Bowen, a mother of two adopted (领养的) Chinese daughters, is executive director of Half the Sky Foundation, an organization which was set up in 1998 and aims to enrich the lives and improve the future for orphaned children in China.
Nearly 10 years later, Bowen and Half the Sky Foundation have touched the lives of over 13,000 children. Half the Sky Foundation is now present in 36 welfare institutions in 28 Chinese cities. About 4,000 children are active in the program, which provides trained staff, educational tools, medical support and love for orphans.
Bowen hopes that running with the Olympic torch will help draw attention to the children in China. She will be among the 19,400 runners who will carry the flame along an 85,000-mile,130-day route across five continents. Beijing organizers say it will be the longest torch relay in the Olympic history.
Like Bowen, the seven other non-Chinese winners, including a German engineer and a Venezuelan designer, live in China. The other countries represented will be the Philippines, Colombia, India, Japan and Russia.
According to Olympic organizers, candidates (候选人) were selected based on their “love of Chinese culture and history” and devotion to “ communicating information about a real China to their native countries.”
Each runner will carry the torch for 200 meters on Chinese soil.
69. Jenny Bowen will represent thousands of Chinese orphans mainly because _______.
A. she is an American orphan who lives in China.
B. she likes Chinese orphans very much.
C. she is director of the Half the Sky Foundation.
D. she has done a lot to the welfare of Chinese orphans.
70. Which of the following statements is false about Jenny Bowen?
A. She has been communicating information about the real China to the USA.
B. She is executive director of Half the Sky Foundation.
C. She loves Chinese culture and history very much.
D. She will carry the flame along an 85,000-mile route.
71. How many factors for selecting a candidate are mentioned in the passage?
A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four
72. What is the passage mainly about ?
A. Jenny Bowen, executive director of Half the Sky Foundation
B. The longest torch relay in the Olympic history.
C. Eight non-Chinese persons to carry the Olympic torch in China.
D. A US woman to carry the Olympic torch in China. |
完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16—30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When I moved into an empty dormitory for the first time two years ago, I was certain of a few things. Firstly, I realized that I didn’t 16 anybody at the school. Secondly, I knew that I wanted to work hard at my lessons and learn something useful. And thirdly, I wanted to have a good time with new classmates, without my parents around.
The first 17 frightened me in the beginning. But that 18 quickly disappeared. It was the other two goals 19 ended up being my difficulties. I knew that it was hard to devote enough time to class and to social efforts. But I wanted to 20 in both. I knew this would be a 21 , but I didn’t realize how much until classes began.
I got on well with the other girls who lived in my dorm. 22 , instead of finishing my homework 23 it was due, I went upstairs and had ice cream with my neighbor. I always finished it the next day between classes. I knew it wasn’t very good and the grade I 24 showed my lack of effort.
I was 25 that I needed to find some sort of balance. So I created a schedule that would 26 my time up between going to class, doing homework, and relaxing. It seemed like a good idea, but I was only able to 27 it for a few days. A schedule like that was too much pressure.
So I tried another 28 . Each week I made a list of everything I had to get done during that week. Then, under the list of things I had to get done, I made a list of things I could do if I had time.
This is the method I have used since then. I’m glad that I’ve learned to 29 things and it has 30 prepare me for what is to come after graduation.
16. A. know B. recognize C. realize D. like
17. A. teacher B. day C. class D. realization
18. A. happiness B. excitement C. fear D. desire
19. A. which B. what C. that D. who
20. A. win B. succeed C. get D. wish
21. A. chance B. job C. challenge D. time
22. A. Often B. Seldom C. Unluckily D. Fortunately
23. A. because B. when C. after D. before
24. A. demanded B. took C. accepted D. received
25. A. asleep B. awake C. ashamed D. aware
26. A. fix B. divide C. put D. build
27. A. use B. keep C. follow D. make
28. A. plan B. energy C. pressure D. effort
29. A. do B. control C. balance D. hold
30. A. had B. helped C. let D. forced |
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