How Much to TipYou’re out to dinner . The food is delicious and the service is
题型：不详难度：来源：
How Much to Tip
You’re out to dinner . The food is delicious and the service is fine . You decide to leave a big fat tip . Why ? The answer may not be as simple as you think .Tipping , psychologists have found , is not just about service . Instead , studies have shown that tipping can be affected by psychological reactions to a series of different factors from the waiter’s choice of words , to how they carry themselves while taking orders , to the bill’s total . Even how much waiters remind customers of themselves can determine how much change they pocket by the end of the night .“Studies before have shown that mimicry brings into positive feelings for the mimicker ,”wrote Rick van Baaren , a social psychology professor . “ There studies show that people who are being mimicked become more generous toward the person who mimics thorn .”
So Rick van Baaren divided 59 waiters into two groups . He requested that half serve with a phrase such as “ Coming up ! ” Those in the other half were instructed to repeat to orders and preferences back to the customers . Rick van Baaren then compared their take home . The results were clear－it plays to mimic your customers . The copycat waiters earned almost double the amount of tips to the other group .
Leonard Green and Joe Myerson , psychologists at Washington University in St . Louis found the generosity of a tipper may be limited by his bill . After research on the 1,000 tips left for waiters , cab drivers , hair stylists , they found tip percentages in these three areas dropped as customers’bills went up . In fact , tip percentages appear to plateau when bills topped ＄100 and a bill for ＄200 made the worker gain no bigger percentage tip than a hill for ＄100 .
“That’s also a point of tipping ,” Green says . “ You have to give a little extra to the cab driver for being there to pack you up and something to the waiter for being there to serve you . If they weren’t there you’d never get any service . So part of the idea of a tip is for just being there .”
1.How many factors affecting the customers’ tipping are mentioned in the passage ?
A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4
2.These studies show that ______.
A.tipping can be affected by physical reactions to many different waiter’s factors
B.people who are being mimicked usually tip less to the person who mimics them
C.the mimic waiters can get almost twice as much money as the other group
D.mimicry makes the mimicker feel bad
3.According to the passage , which of the following will be likely to show the right change of the tip percentages ?
4.We know from the passage that the writer seems to ______.
A.object to Mr Green’s idea about tipping
B.think part of Mr Green’s explanation is reasonable
C.give his generous tip to waiters very often
D.support the opinions of Mr Green and Rick van Baaren about tipping |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:C
小题4:D |
解析
| 略 |
举一反三
Farmers use different kinds of soil conservation methods to protect their land from damage by farming and the forces of nature . One important form of soil conservation is the use of windbreaks . Windbreaks are barriers formed by trees and other plants with many leaves . Farmers plant them in lines around their fields .
Windbreaks stop the wind from blowing soil away . They also keep the wind from destroying or damaging crops . They are very important for growing grains , such as wheat . There have been studies done on windbreaks in parts of West Africa , for example . These found that grain harvests can be twenty percent higher in fields protected by windbreaks compared to fields without such protection .
However , windbreaks seem to work best when they allow a little wind to pass through . If the wall of trees and plants stops wind completely , then violent air motions will take place close to the ground . These motions will lift soil into the air where it will be blown away .
For this reason , a windbreaks is best if it has only sixty to eighty percent of the trees and plants needed to make a solid line . An easy role to remember is that windbreaks can protect areas up to ten times the height of the tallest trees in the windbreaks .
These should be at least two lines in each windbreak . One line should be large trees . The second line , right next to it , can be shorter trees and other plants with leaves . Locally grown trees and plants are best for windbreaks .
1.What is the best title for the passage?
A.Building a windbreak to protect soil
| B.Building a windbreak to protect crops
| C.Using a windbreak to improve grains
| D.Using a windbreak to improve plants
|
2.In the fifth paragraph the author tells us windbreaks______.
A.do not work at all
| B.do not stop wind fully
| C.will not take place
| D.will not allow wind to pass through
|
3.According to the passage , which of the following statement is wrong ?
A.Windbreaks are barriers .
B.Windbreaks can be used to make fences .
C.In general , there are two lines in all in every windbreak .
D.Windbreaks can protect areas . |
第二节：根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
— What do you plan to order , please ?
— ___61__
— Anything else ?
— And a cup of tea .
— Is that all ?
— Yes . My doctor told me that I should lose some weight . __62____ That is not healthy .
— How do you feel ?
— I feel fine . __63____ Furthermore , some of my old clothes would fit me if I lost about 40 pounds .
— How long will that take you ?
—___64___ So , maybe six months . Then I can get down to my proper weight .
— Do you plan to eat nothing but salads for six months ?
—No , I’ll be able to eat fruit and certain meat . __65____And I should not eat anything containing sugar .| A． I’d like some fruit and chicken , please . | | B．I’m too heavy . | | C．But most important , I should never eat anything between meals . | | D．I’ve got a badly-diseased heart . |
E. I just have a vegetable salad .
F. Well , I have just started .
G. In fact , I have never felt better . |
第II卷（共35分）
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 对话填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面对话，掌握其大意，并根据所给字母的提示，在标有题号的右边横线上写出一个英语单词的完整、正确形式，使对话通顺。
W: Hi, Ben, Where have you been?
M: I’ve been to the library and (76)b some English books. Why do you ask?
W: I thought you’d been to the post office. Did you find the money I left on the desk?
M: Yes, 10 dollars (77)a . But I don’t know what it is for.
W: Didn’t you see the note I left to you with the money?
M: Note? Why note? I don’t see any note.
W: (78)R ? It’s very strange. I left the money with a note (79)s______ I wanted you to go to the post office and get some (80)e______ and stamps for me. I also put the ink bottle on them in case they might not draw your attention.
M: I see now. Why cant’ you go and get them (81)y______? The post office is only about 30 (82)m walk from here. We often go for a walk there after having (83)s .
W: Of course I know how far it is from our school. I can’t go there myself because I’m very (84)b_______ doing some chemical
experiments in the lab. And what’s more, I have to prepare for my English exam. You know I failed the last one. If I can’t pass this time , a hard time will be (85)w for me.
|
(76)_________
(77)_________
(78)_________
(79)_________
(80)_________
(81)_________
(82)_________
(83)_________
(84)_________
(85)_________
|
|
Last year, on report card day, my son and a bunch of his 13-year-old friends piled into the back seat of my car, ready for the last-day-of-school party at McDonald’s. “Jack got a laptop for getting straight A’s, and Laurie got a cellphone,” one boy said. “Oh, yeah, and Sarah got an iPod Nano, and she’s only in third grade,” said another. “And how about Brian? He got $ 10 for each A.”
I suddenly became concerned. These payoffs might get parents through grammar school, but what about high school and beyond? What would be left after the electric guitar, the cellphone, and the portable DVD player?
I saw the road ahead: As the homework load increased, my income would decrease. I saw my comfortable lifestyle vanish before my eyes-no more of those $ 5 bags of already-peeled organic carrots. No more organic anything!
I started to feel surprised and nervous. Would every goal attained by my two children fetch a reward? A high grade point average? A good class ranking? Would sports achievements be included in this reward system: soccer goals, touchdowns, runs-batted-in? What about orchestra? Would first chair pay more than second? I’d be penniless by eighth-grade graduation.
“We never paid anything for good grades,” said my neighbor across the street, whose son was recently accepted at MIT. “He just did it on his own. Maybe once in a while we went out for pizza, but that’s about it.”
Don’t you just hate that? We’re all running around looking for the MP3 player with the most updates, and she’s spending a few dollars on pizza. She gets motivation; we get negotiation.
1．The sentence “As the homework load increased, my income would decrease.” in the third paragraph probably means _____________.
A．taking care of the children would influence my work
B．I would spend more money on my children’s homework
C．reducing children’s homework load would cost me a lot
D．more rewards would be needed as the children grew up
2．We can tell from the passage that the author’s son was in ___________.
A．primary school B．junior middle school C．high school D．university
3．It can be inferred from the passage that ____________.
A．if you pay the children for good grades, they would take it for granted
B．if you buy children pizza for good grades, they would work harder
C．children would not ask for rewards when they enter high school
D．children would not ask for rewards when they enter university
4．The example of the author’s neighbor shows that ____________.
A．pizza is the best way to motivate children
B．reward is not the only way to motivate children
C．the author’s neighbor was very poor
D．the author’s neighbor’s son didn’t like reward
5．What is the author’s attitude toward paying children reward for good grades?
A．Favorable B．Ambiguous C．Disagreeable D．Unknowable |
第三部分 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
It seems like every little girl dreams of becoming a model. They want to be thin and pretty like the models they see on television and in magazines. Often the desire becomes an obsession (无法摆脱的思想) and young girls see “thinness” as being a needed characteristic. The obsession of many young girls over their appearance or weight has led to a growing number of people developing an eating disorder.
Eating disorders are a serious health problem. Three of the most common eating disorders are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating or compulsive eating disorder. According to Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders, a person with anorexia “refuses to maintain normal body weight for age and height” and “weighs 85 percent or less than what is expected for age and height.” A person diagnosed with bulimia has several ways of getting rid of the calories such as binge eating, vomiting, laxative misuse, exercising, or fasting. The person might have a normal weight for their age and height unless anorexia is present. The signs of a compulsive eater include eating meals frequently, rapidly, and secretly. This person might also snack and nibble all day long.
There are many reasons that can contribute to the cause of eating disorders. One of the main reasons seems to be the obsession over every little pound a person is wearing.
There are other possible causes to this widely known health problem. Everyone has the desire to look like the actors and actresses they watch on TV or in magazines but, in reality, it just will not happen for most of us.
An unfavorable relationship a person has with others is also a contributing factor to disordered eating habits. The world is so competitive that any mention from parents, peers, significant others, or co-workers about a person’s weight or appearance can lead to the start of an eating disorder.
There really is no single reason why a person acquires an eating disorder. Many factors are considered when making a diagnosis for a person with this problem. Causes like the ones mentioned above play such an important role in eating disorders. Is it really so important that in order to look like the super models people are willing to give up food and starve themselves to death for a little satisfaction on the outside? The look of a person on the inside is what really matters.
1. This text is mainly about _______.
A. how girls lose weight quickly B. why girls dream to be models
C. how teenagers control their weight D. why a person acquires eating disorder
2. If a person doesn’t have a normal weight, she might have developed _______.
A. binge eating B. bulimia nervosa
C. anorexia nervosa D. compulsive eating disorder
3. The underlined word “unfavorable” most probably means _______.
A. harmonious B. poor C. healthy D. special
4. What is author’s attitude towards the phenomenon?
A. Inner beauty is really important.
B. All girls should dream to be models.
C. People needn’t take eating disorder seriously.
D. It is worth to starve for satisfaction on the outside. |
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