There are no exact differences between physics and other natural sciences becaus

题型：不详难度：来源：

There are no exact differences between physics and other natural sciences because all sciences overlap(重叠）.In general,however,physics is the scientific study of forces and qualities such as heat,light,sound,pressure,gravity and electricity,and the ways they affect other objects.
One major branch of physics deals with the states of matter—solids,liquids and gases and with their motions.The pioneer achievements of Galileo,Kepler and Newton dealt with solid masses of matter in motion.Such studies deal with forces acting on moving objects.It is the subject of mechanics and belongs to the branch of mechanics called dynamics,the study of matter in motion.This large topic includes not only the motions of stars and ping-pong balls but also the motions of the water pumped by a fire engine and those of the air passing through the jet engine of an airplane.
A branch of mechanics is statics(静力学）,the study of matter at rest.The designs of buildings and bridges are examples of problems in statics.Other branches of physics are based on the different kinds of energy,which interact with matter.They deal with electricity and magnetism（磁力）,heat,light,and sound.From these branches of physics scientists find clues(线索） which have revealed(揭示） the constructions of atoms and how the atoms react to various kinds of energy. This knowledge is often called the basis of modern physics.Among the many subdivisions（细的分支）of modern physics are electronics and nuclear physics.Physics is closely related to engineering.A person who uses knowledge of physics in solving everyday problems is often called an engineer.For example,electricity is one of the branches of physics;and an electrical engineer is a man who uses the “natural laws” of electricity to help in designing and electric generator(电动机）.
小题1:Physics is not exactly different from other natural sciences because_________.

A．physics and other natural sciences have parts in common

B．it is the scientific study of forces and qualities such as heat,light and sound

C．it studies the ways in which forces and qualities affect other objects

D．it is a part of other natural sciences

小题2:The following statements are included in the study of dynamics except_________.

A．the design and construction of skyscrapers

B．the motions of heavenly bodies

C．the motions of water pumped by a fire engine

D．the motions of the air passing through the jet engine of an airplane

小题3:Among many branches of modern physics is _________.

A．states

B．electricity

C．electronics

D．mechanics

小题4:This knowledge” in Paragraph Three refers to_________.

A．electricity and magnetism,light and sound

B．the construction of atoms and their reactions to various kinds of energy

C．the basis of modern physics

D．electronics and nuclear physics

答案

小题1:A
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:B

解析

小题1:由文章第一句可知。
小题2:从第二段的叙述可知“摩天大楼的设计与建设”不属于动力学的研究范围。
小题3:由最后一段“Among the many subdivisions of modern physics are electronics and nuclear physics”一句可知。
小题4:“this”通常指上文刚谈之事。

举一反三

Picasso,the famous Spanish painter,was born in 1881.His father was an art teacher.Picasso began to paint very early.He was admitted to the Royal Academy of Art at the age of 15.After 1900,he spent much time in Paris,living there to 1947,then he moved to the south of France.
Throughout his career,Picasso moved from style to style with ease.He practised sculpture illustrated books and also showed great interest in pottery design and other fields of art.
Picasso produced a great number of drawngs in his life.No later artist of the school of Paris has replaced him in international influence.
Picasso is generally considered to be the foremost figure in the 20th century French art.His paintings are now exhibited in leading European and American galleries.
小题1:The main idea of the passage is_________.

A．Picasso is considered to be the foremost figure in the 20th century French art

B．Picasso is a famous Spanish painter

C．Picasso spent much time in Paris,living there from 1940 to 1947

D．Picasso’s life and art

小题2:How long did he stay in Spain and France?

A．15 years in Spain and 43 years in Paris.

B．15 years in Spain and the rest of life in Paris.

C．Over 19 years in Spain and the rest of life in Paris.

D．He didn’t stay so long in Paris.

小题3:Picasso moved from style to style with ease.It seems _________.

A．he did not like only one style

B．he changed his style without difficulty

C．he not only liked sculpture,but also liked pottery design

D．he showed great interest in other fields of art

小题4:His paintings are now exhibited in leading European and American galleries,because _________.

A．he was a Spanish artist

B．he was a French artist

C．he was famous in French art

D．he produced a great many wonderful drawings in different styles

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案

Early one morning,more than a hundred years ago,an American inventor called Elias Howe finally fell asleep.He had been working all night on the design of a sewing machine but he had run into a very difficult problem: It seemed impossible to get the thread to run smoothly around the needle.
Though he was tired,Howe slept badly.He turned and turned.Then he had a dream.He dreamt that he had been caught by terrible savages whose king wanted to kill him and eat him unless he could build a perfect sewing machine.When he tried to do so,Howe ran into the same problem as before.The thread kept getting caught around the needle.The king flew into the cage and ordered his soldiers to kill Howe.They came up towards him with their spears raised.But suddenly the inventor noticed something.There was a hole in the tip of each spear.The inventor awoke from the dream,realizing that he had just found the answer to the problem.Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle,he should make it run through a small hole in the center of the needle.This was the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first really practical sewing machine.
Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way.Thomas Edison,the inventor of the electric light,said his best ideas came into him in dreams.So did the great physicist Albert Einstein.Charlotte Bronte also drew in her dreams in writing Jane Eyre.
To know the value of dreams,you have to understand what happens when you are asleep.Even then,a part of your mind is still working.This unconscious(无意识的),but still active part understands your experiences and goes to work on the problems you have had during the day.It stores all sorts of information that you may have forgotten or never have really noticed.It is only when you fall asleep that this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake.However,the unconscious part acts in a special way.It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first.This is why dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to ourselves ”.
小题1:According to the passage,Elias Howe was_________.

A．the first person we know of who solved problems in his sleep

B．much more hard-working than other inventors

C．the first person to design a sewing machine that really worked

D．the only person at the time who knew the value of dreams

小题2:The problem Howe was trying to solve was_________.

A．what kind of thread to use

B．how to design a needle which would not break

C．where to put the needle

D．how to prevent the thread from getting caught around the needle

小题3:Thomas Edison is spoken of because_________.

A．he also tried to invent a sewing machine

B．he got some of his ideas from dreams

C．he was one of Howe"s best friends

D．he also had difficulty in falling asleep

小题4:Dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to ourselves” because _________.

A．strange images are used to communicate ideas

B．images which have no meaning are used

C．we can never understand the real meaning

D．only specially trained people can understand them

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案

It was four o"clock when we left Micatlan,and we traveled quickly until it became almost completely dark.It was our intention to return to our general quarters in Atlacomulco that night.We had a long journey ahead of us,especially because it had been decided there was no way we would try to cross the ravines again at night,since they were considered far too dangerous.Futhermore,an eclipse of the moon was expected,and,in fact,while we were crossing an open field,the moon appeared on the horizon,half in shadow,a rare and beautiful sight.
After a few hours of riding,we suddenly realized that we had lost our way,and worse still,had no way of finding it again.Night had fallen and there was not a single hut in sight,only great plains and mountains and the lowing of distant bulls all around us.We continued on ahead,trusting in luck,though it was difficult to say where she had brought us.By good fortune,our advance riders ran into two Indians,a man and a boy,who agreed to guide us their village and no further.
After an interminable and exhausting road,which we traveled at a brisk trot,the barking of several dogs announced an Indian village.In the dying light,we could just make out cane huts,firmly situated between the banana trees,with fenced gardens in front of each one.Our convoy stopped in front of one particular hut,a kind of inn or shop for alcohol,where a naked goblin-like figure,the ideal husband for a witch,was serving cheap brandy to the Indians,most of whom were already drunk.
We dismounted and threw ourselves to the ground,too tired to even think.Someone found us,God knows how,a cup of dreadful hot chocolate.We began to realize that we were completely lost,and so it was agreed to give up our attempt to reach Atlacomulco that night.Instead,we should head for the village of “E1 Puente”,where our guides know a Spanish family,made up of several unmarried brothers,who,without any doubt,would be delighted to offer us a safe refuge for the rest of the night.We remounted and began our journey,a little restored after the pause in our journey and the dreadful hot chocolate.
小题1:Where did we travel to?

A．El Puente.

B．The cane huts.

C．Atlacomulco.

D．An Indian Village.

小题2:When we traveled at night_________.

A．there was a good guide leading us

B．there was a full moon in the sky

C．we could hardly see anything

D．we could see everything around clearly

小题3:When we lost our way we believed that_________.

A．we should stay where we were for rescue

B．we should go on to seek after our fortune

C．we should go back where we started

D．we should ask the Indians for help

小题4:When we reached the inn-like hut_________.

A．someone served alcohol and hot chocolate at once

B．we had a good sleep

C．we had a good drink

D．we were too exhausted to ask for anything

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案

Bill Clinton was born on Aug.19,1946.Three months before his birth,his father had died when driving home to his pregnant wife,Virginia,he went off a high way,was thrown from the car and drowned in a river.
When Bill was 4,his mother remarried Roger Clinton.And there were always troubles:a sometimes voilent,alcoholic stepfather and a half-brother.Only one year after the marriage,the drunken stepfather fired a shotgun at the ceiling to keep his bride and stepson from leaving the house.Virginia was very much frightened.So Roger Clinton beat Virginia from time to time.But teenager Clinton played a role of protector of his mother bravely.The stepfater never laid another band on Virginia.
In high school,he was very good at Latin and maths.He also played saxophone in the hand.At age 16,as a member of a youth group,Clinton met President John F.Kennedy at the White House,it led him to the life of public service.Once he set his mind to do something,he did not give up.He was elected governor of Arkansas at the age of 32.
Clinton has said he ran for president to make the country a better place for people like Chelsea,his daughter.He did win.At the age of 46,he became the third youngest president in the nation"s history.
小题1:When this passage was published,Clinton was_________.
A.governor of Arkansas B.a famous professor
C.President of U.S.A. D.President of a university
小题2:Clinton"s own father died_________.

A．before Clinton was born

B．after Clinton was born

C．from drinking too much brandy

D．when Clinton"s mother was giving birth

小题3:Clinton protected his mother by_________.

A．fighting against his stepfather

B．beating his stepfather

C．having long talks with his stepfather

D．the means we don"t know

小题4:The word “it” in “It led him to the life of public service”refers to_________.

A．Clinton"s high school education

B．becoming a member of a youth group

C．Clinton"s visiting President Kennedy

D．doing public service

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案

My grandmother was an iron-willed woman, the feared head of the family. When I was five years old, she invited some friends to her apartment for a party. 26the guests was a neighborhood big shot(大亨). They had a little girl about my age who was27 and very much used to getting her own way.
Grandmother spent a lot of time with the big shot and his family. She 28 them the most important members of her social circle and tried hard to please them. At one point during the party, I 29my way to the bathroom and closed the door behind me. A minute or two later, the little girl 30the bathroom door and simply walked in. I was still sitting down. “Don’t you know that little girls aren"t31to come into the bathroom when a little boy is using it!?” I shouted. The32I had piled upon her shocked the little girl. Then she started to cry. She tearfully33to her parents and my grandmother. Grandmother was waiting for me when I left the bathroom. I received the longest, sharpest34. After her scolding was over and I had been dismissed, the party 35.
Twenty minutes later, all that changed. Grandmother walked by the bathroom and noticed a flood of water36out from under the door. She37the bathroom door and saw that the sink and tub were plugged(塞)up and that the taps 38at full blast (拧到最大). Everyone knew who did it. The guests quickly formed a39wall around me, but Grandmother was40 angry that she almost got to me anyway.
My grandfather took me41to the window. He was a kind and gentle man, full of wisdom and patience.42did he raise his voice to anyone, and never did he43 his wife. He looked at me with much curiosity, 44 angry or upset.
“Tell me,” he asked, “why did you do it?”
“Well, she shouted at me 45,” I said earnestly. “Now she"s got something to shout about.”
Grandfather didn’t speak right away. He just sat there, looking at me and smiling. “Eric,” he said at last, “you are my revenge(复仇).”
26. A. Between             B. Among             C. Around             D. Beside
27. A. spoiled               B. harmed             C. liked                D. concerned
28. A. imagined            B. told                  C. evaluated           D. considered
29. A. made                 B. found             C. pushed            D. wound
30. A. closed                B. opened             C. beat                 D. tapped
31. A. expected            B. asked                      C. supposed          D. told
32. A. happiness           B. depression               C. embarrassmentD. anger
33. A. complained               B. apologized     C. replied             D. referred
34. A. cry                    B. blame               C. comment        D. demand
35. A. picked up            B. broke down              C. carried on          D. took off
36. A. moving              B. stirring           C. floating            D. streaming
37. A. pushed open       B. pulled down    C. shut up             D. knocked at
38. A. had gone             B. were going        C. went               D. had been going
39. A. productive          B. hard                 C. protective         D. rough
40. A. so                      B. too                   C. as                    D. very
41. A. by his hand               B. by the hand       C. by surprise        D. with anxiety
42. A. Often                 B. Sometimes        C. Always             D. Rarely
43 A. argue with           B. talk with           C. put up with       D. come to terms with
44. A. other than           B. instead of          C. rather than         D. more than
45. A. for something   B. for nothing       C. without doubt D. with sympathy

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案