Baby girls make their way directly for dolls as soon as they can crawl（爬）, while
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Baby girls make their way directly for dolls as soon as they can crawl（爬）, while boys will head for the toy cars, a study has shown． The findings, the first to show differences in very young babies, suggest there is a biological basis to their preferences．
Psychologists Dr． Brenda Todd from City University London carried out an experiment involving 90 infants aged nine months to 36 months． The babies were allowed to choose from seven toys． Some were typically boys" toys: a car, a digger, a ball and a blue teddy． The rest were girls’ toys: a pink teddy, a doll and a cooking set． They were placed a meter away from the toys, and could pick whichever toy they liked． Their choice and the amount of time they spent playing with each toy were recorded．
Of the youngest children （nine to 14 months）, girls spent significantly longer playing with the doll than boys, and boys spent much more time with the car and ball than the girls did． Among the two-and three-year-olds, girls spent 50 percent of the time playing with the doll while only two boys briefly touched it． The boys spent almost 90 percent of their time playing with cars, which the girls barely touched． There was no link between the parents’ view on which toys were more suitable for boys or girls, and the children’s choice．
Dr． Brenda Todd said: “Children of this age are already exposed to much socialization． Boys may be given ‘toys that go’ while girls get toys they can care for, which may help shape their preference． But these findings agree with the former idea that children show natural interests in particular kinds of toys． There could be a biological basis for their choices． Males through evolution have been adapted to prefer moving objects, probably through hunting instincts（本能）, while girls prefer warmer colors such as pink, the color of a newborn baby．”
小题1:Baby boys and girls have different toy preferences probably because ．| A．baby boys are much more active | | B．baby girls like bright colors more | | C．there is a natural difference between them | | D．their parents treat them differently |
小题2:What can we infer from Paragraph 3 ?| A．Nine-month-old baby boys don’t play with dolls at all． | | B．Two-year-old baby girls sometimes play with cars and balls． | | C．Parents should teach their babies to share each other’s toys． | | D．The older the babies are, the more obvious their preference is． |
小题3:Both baby boys and baby girls like to play with _________ according to the study．| A．a teddy | B．a car | C．a doll | D．a ball |
小题4:We may read this article in a section of a newspaper．| A．health | B．science | C．culture | D．entertainment |
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答案
小题1:C
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:B |
解析
试题分析：
小题1:细节题 根据第一段：The findings, the first to show differences in very young babies, suggest there is a biological basis to their preferences．由此可知，C为正确答案
小题2:推断题 根据第三段可知，男孩和女孩随着年龄的增长，他们对玩具的偏好就越加突出
由此可以知道，D选项为最佳答案
小题3:细节题 根据第二段可知：Some were typically boys" toys: a car, a digger, a ball and a blue teddy． The rest were girls’ toys: a pink teddy, a doll and a cooking set．
由此可知知道，A选项最符合题意。
小题4:推断题 根据第一段Baby girls make their way directly for dolls as soon as they can crawl（爬）, while boys will head for the toy cars, a study has shown．可知这是一篇研究报告类文章，属于报纸中的科学部分内容
点评：文章讲述了儿童随着年龄的增长，对玩具的挑选呈现出自己的偏好，除了受来自父母遗传的外，外界的因素也不可忽视。本文主要考查了细节题推理题，要求考生根据文章内容合理判断，准确定位，进行归纳总结。 |
举一反三
Britain has laws to make sure that women have the same chances as men in education, jobs and training. But it’s still unusual to find women doing dirty or heavy jobs.
Nikki Henriques is a car maintenance engineer in London. She used to be a secretary. Barty Philips, a journalist with “The Observer”, a Sunday newspaper, asked her why she wanted to work with cars.
“My first reason was independence(独立),” she said. “I also wanted to use my hands, and I like learning about how things work. Many people prefer to have a woman repair their cars, too.”
Nikki didn’t find it easy to become a car maintenance engineer. She went to a Government Skill Centre—a special sort of college where people can learn a new job for twenty weeks. “For ten weeks I was the only woman among four hundred men, and some of them were rude to me. It was also very tiring—from 8 in the morning to 5 in the afternoon, with only 30 minutes for lunch.”
Now Nikki works free-lance, that is, she’s self-employed, working for herself and not for a garage or a company.
Barty Phillips also spoke to Rose, who works as a general builder in Sheffield, an industrial town in the north of England. Like Nikki, Rose used to be a secretary. “I didn’t enjoy it at all.” she said. “I wanted to do more practical work, and I wanted to be self-employed.”
Rose joined a women’s building co-operative, and she learnt her job from other people and from experience. However, many of the women in her group have been specially trained. Most of the jobs they do are improvements to buildings and general repairs.
“People often say, ‘Oh, women aren’t strong enough,’ but I don’t think strength is important.” said Rose, “The important thing is to get used to doing a different sort of work.”
Rose would like more women to come into the building industry. “Everything built at the moment is a product of man’s world. If women become builders, they will be able to understand the production of their house and their towns.”
小题1:There are laws in Britain to help women _____.| A．get higher pay than men | | B．enjoy more freedom than men | | C．do whatever they like to do | | D．have equal chances with men in education and work |
小题2:The job of a car maintenance engineer is to _____. | A．make cars | B．sell cars | | C．repair cars | D．keep cars for others |
小题3:According to Rose, a woman wishing to be a general builder _____.| A．must be specially trained | | B．should be strong enough | | C．can learn her job either from others or by experience | | D．must get used to doing a different sort of work |
小题4:The best title for this passage might be _____. | A．Nikki Henriques, a car maintenance engineer | | B．Rose, a General Builder in Shefield | | C．Women at Work | | D．British Women |
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Five-time world overall short-track speed skating champion Yang Yang(A)won China’s first-ever Winter Olympic gold medal with a runaway victory in the 500m final on Saturday.
Yang Yang, putting behind her a dismal fourth place finish in the 1,500 meters three days ago, got off to a sparking lead and never looked back to cross the line in 44.187 seconds.
World-record holder and four-time European champion Evgenia Radanova followed home 0.065 seconds behind.
Another Chinese, Wang Chunju, the world champion in the shortest distance came in third, two-hundredths of a second further behind.
Yang, 25, whose name is tagged with the letter A to distinguish her from her younger teammate and namesake, Yang Yang(S), is the overall World Cup winner this season, with the top points in the 1,000m and 1,500m.
In the 1,500m, the younger Yang, 24, who won two silver medals in Nagano four years ago, crashed out while chasing herd after two South Korean teenagers, KoGi-Hyun and Choi Eun-Kyungm who eventually finished first and second. Yang Yang(A) ended up fourth.
Yang Yang(S) did not compete in the 500 meters.
小题1:How long did Evgenia Radanova take to finish the 500m final?| A．44.252 seconds. | B．44.187 seconds. | | C．44.122 seconds. | D．None of the above. |
小题2:Why did not Yang Yang(S) compete in the 500 meters?| A．She did want to. | B．She was wounded. | | C．She was not qualified. | D．It was not mentioned. |
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President Obama: I want to welcome Vice President Xi to the Oval Office and welcome him to the United States. This is obviously a great opportunity for us to build on the U. S.-China relationship, but also an opportunity to return the extraordinary hospitality that Vice President Xi showed Vice President Biden during his recent visit to China.
As I indicated during my recent visit to APEC and the East Asia Summit, the United States is a Pacific nation. And we are very interested and very focused on continuing to strengthen our relationships, to enhance our trade and our commerce, and make sure that we are a strong and effective partner with the Asia Pacific region. And obviously, in order to do that, it is absolutely vital that we have a strong relationship with China.
So, Mr. Vice President, I hope you have a wonderful visit while you"re here. I"m sure the American people welcome you. I"m glad that you"re going to get an opportunity to get out of Washington. I know you"ll be visiting Lowa, which you visited many years ago when you were governor. And I understand you"re also going to Los Angeles and maybe even taking in (观看) a Lakers basketball game. So I hope you enjoy that very much.
I want to extend my deepest welcome to you, and look forward to a future of improved dialogue and increased cooperation in the years to come.
小题1:Where can you most probably read the passage?| A．In a science report. | B．In a news report. | | C．In a guidebook. | D．In an advertisement. |
小题2:Which is true according to the passage?| A．Biden once paid a visit to China before this talk. | | B．Obama didn"t attend APEC or the East Asia Summit recently. | | C．Biden and Xi Jinping are holding the talk in the Oval Office of the White House. | | D．The talk is being held between China and the USA in the Oval Office of New York. |
小题3:From Para. 3, we can learn that Vice President Xi ____.| A．will visit New York, Washington DC and Los Angeles | | B．will go to Los Angeles to watch a soccer game | | C．visited Lowa many years ago, when he was governor | | D．visited Lowa many years ago, when he was a vice president |
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Toyoda said those changes were being made nearly around the clock，but during three hours of often tense questions and answers he repeated that there was no link to the vehicle’s electronic systems．
Many drivers making complaints against Toyota and the government say their acceleration problems had nothing to do with floor mat interference(油门踏板故障)or sticky gas pedals(刹车)．Outside experts have suggested electronic problems.
House lawmakers expressed serious criticism on Toyoda，the grandson of the company’s founder．
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA)is seeking records on Toyota’s recalls and is conducting its own review on whether electronics were behind the car faults．NHTSA also continues to look into steering complaints from drivers of the popular Corolla model．
Toyota has recalled 8.5 million cars，more than 6 million of them in the United States．
It may be a while before car buyers believe that Toyota really makes safe cars．
Toyota’s January sales already fell 16 percent even as most other automakers jumped back from last year’s bad results．Analyst Koji Endo of Advanced Research Japan in Tokyo said he expects February sales，due out next week，to be down 30 percent to 40. Toyota’s sales problem could continue beyond that．
It will take some time to feel the full effect of this，he said．
小题1:The best title for this passage is ．| A．Toyota is in trouble | B．Toyota is under hearing | | C．Toyota is finished | D．Toyota is still running |
小题2:What is the purpose of the hearing?| A．America hopes that Toyota apologizes to the US customers． | | B．America wants to get Toyota out of the US market． | | C．America wants to help Toyota out of difficulty． | | D．America hopes that Toyota admits their cars have electronic system problem． |
小题3:What can we infer from the passage?| A．Toyota provides very good post sale service． | | B．Toyota’s biggest market is in the United States． | | C．Toyota will be closed soon． | | D．Toyota’s dealership in the US will all be closed． |
小题4:The last sentence of this passage indicates .| A．Analyst Koji Endo is fully confident about Toyota | | B．Toyota could meet a worse situation | | C．Toyota would get out of trouble sooner or later | | D．Toyota would build up a better reputation among its customers |
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The World Trade Organization (WTO) founded on January 1, 1994, aims to encourage international trade to flow as freely as possible, making sure that trade agreements are respected and that any disputes (争端) can be settled.
In the five years since its founding, the WTO has become well-known as one of the world’s most powerful economic organizations, taking its place alongside the World Bank and International Monetary Fund.
The system of global rules for international trade, however, dates back half a century to 1948 when the General Agreement on Tariffs (关税) and Trade (GATT) was formed after World War II.
As time went by it became clear that the GATT had two major drawbacks—the limited areas of trade it covered, and the lack of an effective system to settle disputes.
After seven years of trade talks ending in 1994. the so-called Uruguay Round finally gave birth to the WTO, complete with an effective system to settle disputes and new rules covering trade in services and intellectual property (知识产权).
Even after seven years of talks and 22500 pages of agreements there were still problems, especially the difficult-to-deal-with areas of agriculture and services.
The WTO. with its head office in Geneva, has 135 members with 30 more waiting to join.
小题1:Compared with the GATT, the WTO _____.| A．can do better to settle disputes in more areas of international trade | | B．got its members to sign the agreements more easily | | C．has got too many areas of international trade to deal with to work effectively | | D．didn’t pay enough attention to services and intellectual property |
小题2:In the new century the WTO will _____.| A．take the place of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund | | B．have new rules covering trade in services and intellectual property | | C．make complete new rules in every area of international trade | | D．have more members and do much more to settle more problems |
小题3:The underlined word “drawbacks” probably means _____.| A．weak points | B．changes | C．strong points | D．improvements |
小题4:The best title for the passage is _____.| A．WTO—Another Name for GATT | | B．WTO—an International Service Organization | | C．WTO—One of the World’s Strongest Economic Organizations | | D．WTO—the World’s Most Powerful Economic Organization |
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