Across the United States, universities and colleges have been looking to become
题型：不详难度：来源：
Across the United States, universities and colleges have been looking to become more sustainable (可持续发展的) and more than 600 schools have already planned to become eco-friendly. The EcoDorm, home to 36 students at Warren Wilson College in Swannanoa, was designed to be sustainable from top to bottom, or in this case, from its rainwater-collection system to its garden. The dormitory is bringing new meaning to the concept of living “green” at college.
At Warren Wilson College, a biological science school with fewer than 1,000 students, the sustainability drive came from the student body. The EcoDorm concept was presented ten years ago by two students; a planning committee firstly suggested using building materials like corncob. Although the architects disagreed with the idea, they came up with other creative solutions: Wood siding was taken from the trees grown in the school yard that were suffering from a disease, and rainwater was collected in an old railway car and pumped back into the house to clean the toilets.
All in all, the dorm uses nearly two-thirds less electricity than a similar-sized traditional building would. But even the most sustainable homes need continued efforts from its livers. And in the case of EcoDorm, students live by their words. Most also take advantage of the dorm’s bio-garden, planting and harvesting fruits and vegetables. “I didn’t have to worry about paper towels being wasted or feel bad about drying my clothes outside,” Jeremy Lekich, the dorm’s gardener, said. “Basically, it has made my life easier.”
小题1:We can learn from the text that the EcoDorm in the US . | A．offers students the chances to have a natural living at college | | B．was firstly built by two college students | | C．was designed for saving building materials | | D．is only applicable in few schools |
小题2:The second paragraph is mainly about .| A．where the EcoDorm was built | | B．when the EcoDorm got its name | | C．what the EcoDorm is made of | | D．how the concept of EcoDorm started |
小题3:What is the advantage of the EcoDorm?| A．It helps students to enjoy life at college. | | B．It saves a lot of money and energy for the college. | | C．It makes students study harder. | | D．It brings new energy to the college. |
小题4:What can be inferred from the text?| A．A long-term development calls for students’ efforts. | | B．Students’ ideas should be encouraged at college. | | C．Green living is a new trend at American colleges. | | D．Students can learn to protect the environment through practice. |
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答案
小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:B
小题4:C |
解析
试题分析：现在绿色生活是美国大学的一种趋势，EcoDorm可以提供学生在大学自然生活的机会，也可以让大学节约钱和能源。
小题1:细节题：从文章第一段的句子：The EcoDorm, home to 36 students at Warren Wilson College in Swannanoa, was designed to be sustainable from top to bottom, or in this case, from its rainwater-collection system to its garden. The dormitory is bringing new meaning to the concept of living “green” at college.可知EcoDorm 可以提供学生在大学自然生活的机会，选A
小题2:段落大意题：从第二段的句子：At Warren Wilson College, a biological science school with fewer than 1,000 students, the sustainability drive came from the student body. The EcoDorm concept was presented ten years ago by two students;可知这段讲的是EcoDorm 的概念是怎么开始的，选D
小题3:细节题：从文章第三段的句子：All in all, the dorm uses nearly two-thirds less electricity than a similar-sized traditional building would.可知EcoDorm 的好处是它可以为大学节省钱和能源，选B
小题4:推理题：从文章最后一段的句子：And in the case of EcoDorm, students live by their words. Most also take advantage of the dorm’s bio-garden, planting and harvesting fruits and vegetables.可知绿色生活是美国大学的一种趋势。选C |
举一反三
“Today we had a discussion in class about heroes,” said Ayesha to her father. “The teacher asked us to name our favorite heroes.”
“What did you say?” asked her father curiously.
“I said Kareena Kapoor,” said Ayesha proudly.
“Why do you like Kareena?” asked her father.
“She is so pretty, Daddy!” shouted Ayesha. “So I want to look like her!”
“But how do you plan to do that?”
“I don’t know, but I want to look like her.”
“When I see you, I see a very pretty girl. You may not be Kareena, but you are just as fine as Ayesha,” said her father seriously. “Adopting（挑选）film actors as our heroes and heroines（女偶像）is part of being young, but in the process don’t put yourself down,” he added. “But if you are trying so hard to be Kareena, you will stop being Ayesha.” Ayesha began to look interested. Her father added, “Each of us is unique, We have come down to the earth to develop our own beautiful gifts. You are such a fine singer, for example. Can you see how this might be your own wonderful gift to the world? Focus on being yourself, child, and you will achieve great things in life.
“OK, Dad,” she said. “I love the way Kareena looks but I am now going to focus on being the best Ayesha I can be.”
“That’s my girl,” said her father, giving her a big hug.
小题1:Kareena Kapoor is most probably a ______.| A．popular writer | B．famous actress | | C．school teacher | D．pretty singer |
小题2:Which of the following words can best describe Ayesha’s father?”| A．Reasonable | B．Humorous | C．Impatient | D．Generous |
小题3:We know from the passage that _______.| A．Ayesha’s teacher liked watching films very much | | B．Kareena Kapoor became famous for her courage | | C．Ayesha changed her wrong attitude to Kareena in the end | | D．Ayesha followed her father’s advice and determined to be herself |
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Anyone who doubts if children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their first efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often tied to their children"s success, it can be a painful experience.
Figuring out why the fire went out is the first step. Assuming that a kid doesn"t suffer from a learning disability, or isn"t involved in some family crisis(危机) at home, many educators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or classmate pressure.“Everything is within the kids" control；their intelligence is changeable,”says Lisa Blackwell, a research scientist at Columbia University. More than any teacher or workshop, Blackwell says,“Parents can play a key role in conveying this message to their children by praising their effort and progress rather than emphasizing their “smartness” or praising high performance alone. Most of all, parents should let their kids know that mistakes are a part of learning.”
Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testing and separation of students into different levels of ability, also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids.“These programs shut down the motivation of all kids who aren"t considered gifted and talented. They destroy their confidence,” says Jeff Howard, a social psychologist. Howard and other educators say it"s important to expose kids to a world beyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extracurricular activities.
“The problem of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambition,”says Michael Nakkual, a Harvard education professor. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to free them of the idea that class work is irrelevant, and to show them how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. They need to understand that you have to learn to walk before you can run.
小题1:According to the passage, the parents of kids with no ambition ________.| A．don"t do a very good job on teaching them to walk | | B．are to blame if the kids do poorly in school | | C．feel pain because their own ambition is connected to their kids" success | | D．should take part in extracurricular activities with kids |
小题2: The underlined part “the fire went out” probably means ________.| A．the motivation was suddenly lost | | B．the fear of failure was suddenly gone | | C．the learning disability was suddenly lost | | D．the fire was suddenly gone |
小题3:All the following can contribute to a sudden lack of ambition EXCEPT ________.| A．learning disability | B．classmate pressure | | C．emphasis on testing | D．extracurricular activities |
小题4:What is the most important thing for parents in motivating their kids?| A．Punishing kids who don"t display ambition. | | B．Emphasizing smartness and high performance. | | C．Telling kids that mistakes are a part of learning. | | D．Praising the effort and progress they have made. |
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Inside their one-store, metal-roofed house on Vancouver Island’s west coast，Janet Schwartz and her domesticated(驯养的) deer, Bimbo, are returning to their normal lives. The law-represented by men and women dressed in black uniforms and carrying guns — is no longer threatening to forcibly separate Schwartz and Bimbo，freeing the l0-year-old deer to the fates (命运) of the surrounding rainforest and its hungry wolves and black bears．
“We love each other，”said Schwartz who turned 70 on Saturday. “she’ll come up to me and she’ll kiss me right on the lips，like a man kisses a woman’’
For four days last week，Schwartz’ life turned as rocky as the rough logging road that connected her life to the outside world. Conservation officers had arrived with orders to loose Bimbo. Schwartz was told she wasn’t allowed to touch Bimbo any more. It seemed somebody had complained，said Environment Minister Terry Lake earlier in the week, noting it’s illegal to keep wild animals as pets.
During those tense days，sleepless nights were made even more restless by nightmares，said Schwartz. There were news stories and Facebook pages which supported Schwartz and by Friday，the government had changed its mind. Schwartz could keep her pet with the help of a veterinarian and conservation officers.
“It makes me feel good，”said Schwartz of the announcement．“She is my life．and I’ve had her since the day she’s been born.”
The relationship began when a friend found the orphaned fawn (幼鹿) along a nearby logging road，more than a kilometer away from her current home，said Schwartz. The friend brought the fawn over because she knew Schwartz had raised a deer before.
Schwartz named the fawn(小鹿) Bimbo，based on a Gene Autry song that was playing inside her home at the time，and began feeding the animal goat’s milk. Days turned into months and years, and now Bimbo is a part of the family.
小题1:According to Paragraph 1 , Janet Schwartz’s life is returning to normal because | A．no one disturbs her life again | B．she can continue to keep the deer | | C．she has married again | D．Bimbo has returned to the forest |
小题2:Why didn’t Schwartz want to loose the deer?| A．It was the only companion in her house | | B．She wanted to study the lifestyle of the deer． | | C．The deer had become part of her life． | | D．She had a veterinarian to help her． |
小题3:Conservation officers ordered Janet to loose Bimbo because | A．the deer was not properly taken care of | | B．the deer brought harm to the neighborhood | | C．it was against the law to keep the deer as a pet | | D．the deer made too much noise |
小题4:What made the government change its mind?| A．Schwartz’s love for the deer. | | B．The threat to the deer in the wild. | | C．The change of the law. | | D．The influence from the press and the Web. |
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Why do human beings still risk their lives under ground and doing one of the dirtiest and most dangerous jobs in the world? It is an increasingly urgent question, given the recent mining accidents in Sago, W. Va and Huntington, Utah. A small group of engineers and robotics experts look forward to a day in the not-too-distant future when robots and other technology do most of the dangerous mining work.
Robotic technology, in particular, holds much promise, McAteer says, especially when it comes to mapping mines and rescuing trapped miners --- the special operations of the mining industry.
One of the first mining robots was developed five years ago at Carnegie Mellon University’s Robotics Institute. It was called Groundhog. It used lasers(激光器) to “see” in dark tunnels and map abandoned mines—some of the most dangerous work in the business.
The latest design is called Cave Crawler. It’s a bit smaller than Groundhog，and even more advanced. It can take photos and videos and has more sensors that can detect the presence of dangerous gases. Incredibly，the robot has a real sense of logic. If it comes across an obstacle it gets momentarily confused. It has to think about what to do and where to go next. Sometimes it throws a fit just like a real person.
The greatest problem, though, is cost. The money of the earliest research project was provided by the government, but that money had dried up, and it’s not clear where future money will come from. Partly for that reason, and partly because of advances in safety, mining is not nearly as dangerous as it was in the past. Since 1990, fatalities(致命性) have declined by 67% and injuries by 51% , according to the National Mining Association.
Some experts predict that robots in mines will serve much of the same function that they do in the automotive industry. The robots do the most boring and dangerous jobs，but won’t get rid of the need for human workers.
小题1:The latest robot is more advanced than Groundhog, mainly because ____. | A．it can map abandoned mines | | B．it can see in the dark tunnels | | C．it’s smaller than Groundhog | | D．it has a real sense of logic |
小题2:The underlined phrase “throws a fit” in paragraph 4 probably means“______”| A．gets angry | B．gets sick | | C．becomes hungry | D．becomes cheerful |
小题3:We can infer from the last paragraph that _____ . | A．robots in mines will serve much in the automotive industry | | B．there will be no need for human workers in mines | | C．the mine robots will have a very bright future | | D．robots in mines only do some simple jobs now |
小题4:We can infer from the text that ______. | A．the mining robots do most of the mining work at present | | B．groundhog can discover the presence of dangerous gases | | C．experts are trying to make robots help miners with dangerous work | | D．robots cannot do dangerous work in dark areas |
小题5:What can be the best title for the text? | A．Mining Accidents in America | | B．Robots in Mines | | C．Cave crawler, the Latest Robot | | D．The Future of Robots |
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In a world as fast-changing and full of information as our own, all of us need to know how to learn well. Yet evidence suggests that most of us don’t use the learning techniques that science has proved the most effective.
The scientific literature evaluating these techniques goes back to decades and across thousands of articles. It’s far too extensive and complex for the average parent, teacher or employer to look through. Fortunately, a team of five leading psychologists have done the job for us.
Professor John Dunlosky and other psychologists closely examined 10 learning strategies and rated each from high to low utility(实用) on the basis of the evidence they’ve gathered. Here’s part of their conclusions:
In contrast to familiar practices, the effective learning strategies with the most evidence to support them aren’t well known outside the lab. Take distributed practice, for example. This strategy involves spreading out your study time, rather than engaging in one marathon. Cramming (死记硬背）information at the last minute may allow you to get through that test or meeting, but the material will quickly disappear from your memory. It’s much more effective to look through the material at intervals over time.
And the longer you want to remember the information, whether it’s two weeks or two years, the longer the intervals should be.
The second learning strategy that is highly recommended by Dunlosky is practice testing. Yes, more tests---but there not for a grade. Research shows that the mere act of calling information to mind strengthens that knowledge and aids in future retrieval (检索). While practice testing is not a common strategy---despite the strong evidence supporting it ---there is one familiar approach that captures its benefits: using flash cards. And now flash cards can be presented in digital form. Both distributed practice and practice testing were rated as having “high utility” by Dunlosky.
小题1:How did the psychologists study and rate the learning strategies? | A．By analyzing the materials gathered in the past years. | | B．By asking some students questions about their study. | | C．By doing some experiments on the objects in the lab. | | D．By asking parents and teachers to look through the articles. |
小题2:The underlined word “extensive” in Para.2 means _____. | A．small in amount | | B．easy or quick to do | | C．more than is needed | | D．dealing with a lot of information |
小题3:About distributed practice and practice testing, it’s true that _____. | A．many students have benefited a lot from them | | B．they were first put forward by John Dunlosky | | C．only a small number of experts know about them | | D．psychologists are studying whether they are effective |
小题4:The strategy of distributed practice shows that ______. | A．we should not study for long hours every day | | B．reviewing what we have studied is of little help | | C．the shorter the interval is, the better we’ll study | | D．doing repetition at intervals is the best way |
小题5:The evidence shows that the strategy of practice testing ______. | A．is a way to use flash cards to help study | | B．is mainly used to help us remember well | | C．helps know about students’ grades in time | | D．is a way widely used to strengthen memory |
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