About ten men in every hundred suffer from color blindness in some way. Women a

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About ten men in every hundred suffer from color blindness in some way. Women are luckier, only about one in two hundred if affected in this matter. Perhaps, after all, it is safer to be driven by a woman.
There are different forms of color blindness. In some cases a man may not be able to see deep red. He may think that red, orange and yellow are all shades of green. Sometimes a person can’t tell the differences between blue and green. In rare cases an unlucky man sees everything in shades of green--- a strange world in deed.
Color blindness in human beings is a strange thing to explain. In a single eye there are millions very small things called “cones”. These help us see in a bright day and tell the differences between colors. There are also millions of “rods”, but these are used for seeing when it is nearly dark. They show us shapes(形状) but not color. Some insects have favorite colors. Mosquitoes like blue but do not like yellow. A red light will not attract insects but a blue lamp will. In similar way human being also have favorite colors. Yet we are lucky. With the aid of cones in our eyes we can see many beautiful colors by day and with the aid of the rods we can see shapes at night. One day we may even learn more about the invisible colors around us.
小题1:The passage is mainly about ______.

A．color and its surprising effects on drivers

B．women being luckier than man in that fewer of them are color blind

C．danger caused by color blindness

D．color blindness and how our eyes tell different colors and shapes

小题2:According to the passage, with the help of “cones” we can _____.

A．tell different colors	B．see in weak light
C．tell different shapes	D．tell orange from yellow

小题3:Why do some people say it is safer to be driven by women?

A．Women are more careful.

B．There are fewer color blind women.

C．Women are fonder of driving than men.

D．Women are weaker but quicker in thinking.

小题4:Which of the following statements about color blind people is true?

A．Not all of them have the same problem in recognizing colors.

B．None of them can see deep red but all can tell blue from green.

C．None of them can tell blue from green but all can see deep red.

D．All of them are lucky enough to see everything in shades of green.

答案

小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:B
小题4:A

解析

试题分析：色盲是什么原因引起的？色盲患者无法正确分辨颜色；而我们能分辨颜色和形状则是靠了眼睛里的两种细胞：视杆细胞和视锥细胞。
小题1:主旨大意题。本文主要讲了色盲的表现和人的眼睛看见形状和颜色的原因。故选D。
小题2:细节理解题。由“These help us see in a bright day and tell the differences between colors.”可知视锥细胞可以让我们分辨不同的颜色。故选 A。
小题3:细节理解题。由“Women are luckier, only about one in two hundred if affected in this matter. Perhaps, after all, it is safer to be driven by a woman. ”可知女性色盲的比例要少于男性，因此开车或许更安全。故选 B。
小题4:细节理解题。由“There are different forms of color blindness. ”可知色盲患者的类型并不相同。故选A。

举一反三

You put a great deal of effort into reaching the college of your choice. It’s time to get started. But what’s next? Beginning college can be an exciting but awkward time. Follow these tips to adjust to your new life rapidly and make the most of your college experience.
● To save time and money, use the college’s bus system. Taking the bus to school is quick, easy and free in most college towns. You won’t have to locate or afford a place to park either. It’s also a good way to be environmentally aware.
● Save pennies on books by waiting until class starts. You might not even need all of the recommended books. New textbooks cost an arm and a leg. Try buying used textbooks — it’s a surefire way to save money and serves the purpose as well.
● Do never look at college life as an endless series of parties and social activities. But there is a whole lot more to college if you’re serious about graduating. Having a good college experience is all about balancing work and fun.
● Be aware that your living environment can largely affect your academic success. If the dorm doesn’t suit you, consider living at home with your family or renting your own apartment. The best location for your studies isn’t always your dorm. Find a quiet area, like the library, to do your work. Alternatively, buy some headphones that block out noise.
● Be mindful of your diet. Make healthy food choices and watch what you eat. Avoid foods that are processed or high in sugar. The “freshman 15” is real. Many college students gain at least 15 pounds during their freshmen year.
● While electives (选修课) can be helpful when figuring out your major, you shouldn’t entirely rely on them. Clubs and other organizations exist around. Get involved. Make sure, though, that you still have time to study. Having too much on your plate can hurt your grades.
小题1:Which of the following ideas can be financially wise?

A．Driving your own car.	B．Buying used books.
C．Renting an apartment.	D．Attending activities.

小题2:In the text, freshmen are repeatedly warned against ______.

A．academic failures	B．physical problems
C．traffic accidents	D．social activities

小题3:The “freshman 15” tells the fact that some freshmen ______.

A．attend limited activities on campus

B．have little regular physical exercise

C．focus less on their academic work

D．take relaxed attitudes to their diets

小题4: The underlined phrase “having too much on your plate” probably refers to ______.

A．using too much money for meals

B．eating too many unhealthy foods

C．taking part in too many after-class activities

D．taking an elective that has too many students

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Monkeys prefer heavy metal to classical music, according to researchers at the University of Wisconsin whose findings are published this week in Biology Letters.
Scientists played a selection of music to a group of South American cotton-top monkeys but the only sound that got a reaction were from the heavy metal band Metallica. They were seemingly disinterested in Led Zeppelin, Miles Davis and Bach, but after the beautiful sound of Master of Puppets by Metallica was played the monkeys calmed down.
"Monkeys interpret rising and falling sounds differently than humans. Oddly, their only response to several samples of human music was a calming response to the heavy-metal band Metallica," said Professor Charles Snowdon, from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Rather than making them excited or aggressive, the heavy metal tracks had a comforting effect. Dr Snowdon, who teamed up with National Symphony Orchestra musican David Teie, also played the monkeys music composed specifically for them. Although they enjoyed Metallica, they were much more interested in these pieces.
A melody(乐曲) based on the short calls of scared monkeys led to anxiety levels rapidly growing, researchers found, while one based on long calls the creatures make when they are happy had a calming effect.
Frans B.M. de Waal, a professor of psychology at Emory University who studies animals, said the findings appear to say more about how monkeys respond to the sounds they make than they do about music or the evolution of music.
Dr Snowdon no longer has a monkey colony to use in his research, but he said his co-author David Teie is exploring the concept of music for cats.
"If we understand how we can affect their emotional states through using musical sound and aspects of our speech, maybe those of us living with companion animals can have a better relationship with them, too," Snowdon said.
小题1:The research mentioned in the passage is mainly about ______.

A．the change of music over time	B．animals’ response to music
C．special music for animals	D．the origin of music

小题2:When the monkeys heard the music they liked, they ______.

A．looked anxious	B．became restless
C．felt at ease	D．made long calls

小题3:According to the passage, the monkeys are most interested in the music ______.

A．of Led Zeppelin	B．of Miles Davis
C．of Metallica	D．specially composed for them

小题4:The aim of the research, according to Professor Snowdon, is to ______.

A．build better ties between animals and humans

B．compare monkeys and cats in term of music

C．develop new music based on animals’ calls

D．find better ways to keep animals under control

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I am a strong believer that if a child is raised with approval (准允), he learns to love himself and will be successful in his own way. Several weeks ago, I was doing homework with my son in the third grade and he kept standing up from his chair to go over the math lines. I kept asking him to sit down, telling him that he would concentrate better. He sat but seconds later, as if he didn’t even notice he was doing it, he got up again. I was getting frustrated (受挫), but then it hit me. I started noticing his answers were much quicker and accurate when he stood up. Could he be more absorbed while standing up?
This made me start questioning myself and what I had been raised to believe. I was raised to believe that a quiet, calm child was a sure way to success. This child would have the willpower to study hard, get good grades and become someone important in life.
Now those same people perhaps come to realize that their kids are born with their own sets of DNA and personality qualities, and all you can do is loving and accepting them. As parents, throughout their growing years and beyond that, we need to be our kids’ best cheerleaders, guiding them and helping them find their way.
I have stopped asking my son to sit down and concentrate. Obviously, he is concentrating just in his own way and not mine. We need to learn to accept our kids’ ways of doing things. Some way may have worked for me but doesn’t mean we need to carry it through generations. There is nothing sweeter than being personal and unique (独特的). It makes us free and happy and that’s just the way I want my kids to live their own life.
小题1:Time and again the author got his son seated in order to make him ______.

A．work fast

B．go polite

C．stay relaxed

D．keep attentive

小题2:The underlined “it” (in the first paragraph) probably refers to ______.

A．his son’s doing better while standing up

B．his failure in keeping his son under control

C．his own experience as a school boy

D．his disappointment with his active child

小题3:By this passage, the author attempts to tell other parents to ______.

A．correct their kids’ manners from the early ages

B．respect and trust their kids’ ways of behaviors

C．develop a good relationship with their children

D．guarantee their children’s freedom at home

小题4:Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?

A．Parental help with teens’ study

B．Adult influence on teen growth

C．Kids’ success in their own styles

D．Friendship between generations

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Having just quit a highly moneymaking job with tech giant Microsoft in the United States，where he’d made millions working as a program manager，Patrick Awuah would wake up once in a while wondering if he’d done the right thing．
What Awuah wanted was to create a university in his native Ghana．a state-of-the-art education centre that would help educate the country’s next generation of leaders．Awuah moved with his family back to Ghana．There，he invested his own money and with the help of other donors he founded Ashesi University．
“Africa needs to have a renaissance(复兴),” says Awuah as he explained what drove him to take the risky decision．“The world needs to change in this way and I strongly believe that people like me need to be part of the solution；I need to be really actively involved in helping to drive this change in Africa‘‘
Located about an hour"s drive from the capital Accra，Ashesi，which appropriately translates to “beginning,” is the first Ghanaian university to combine technical majors with a liberal arts approach．Its campus，set on 100 acres in a town called Berekuso，was designed to be inspiring for the more than 500 young Ghanaians studying there．
“So when I look at universities I see Africa fast—forward 30 years．When this 20-year-old is now in his or her 50s，that person is going to be a leader．”
Today Ashesi，which celebrates its 10^th anniversary this year，offers degrees in business，information systems and computer science．There are plans to offer engineering and economics majors in the near future．The school’s graduation rate is between 70％and 90％，according to Awuah．
In our last freshman class，50％ of the students paid full tuition(学费)，25％were on full scholarships and 25％on partial scholarships ,”he said．“The reason why variety is so important is that the most important conversation on campus is a conversation about the good society—what is the good society we would like to see in Africa? That conversation is a lot more interesting if you have variety in the classroom，”adds Awuah．
小题1:In Awuah’s opinion，Africa should be changed by

A．investing more money for development

B．developing computer science

C．training future leaders for development

D．founding more universities

小题2:The underlined sentence in the first paragraph infers that “_____”.

A．Awuah regretted that he had once worked with Microsoft

B．Awuah would doubt if he should resign from Microsoft

C．Awuah wondered whether it was right to invest for a university

D．Awuah felt it wrong that he had refused a job with a large salary

小题3:The university founded by Awuah_____.

A．came into being 10 years ago	B．was named with “beginning”
C．is located in the capital of Ghan	D．will be run for 30 years

小题4:Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?

A．Ashesi has offered five degrees since it was founded．

B．Awuah had earned millions of dollars before he left Microsoft．

C．50％ of the new students in Ashesi receive education for free．

D．Awuah was the only investor in setting up Ashesi University．

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Pupils remember more and behave better when 3D images are used in lessons，research suggests．They are quicker to learn and absorb new concepts，and display higher levels of concentration．
Professor Anne Bamford，of the University of the Arts，London， studied the effectiveness of 3D content in 15 schools across seven countries，including the UK．Pupils in 3D classes can remember more than those in the 2D classes after four weeks，improving test scores by an average of 1 7 percent compared with eight percent for 2D lessons．They gave more detailed answer to the tasks and were more likely to think in 3D, using hand gestures and mime(模仿动作) to answer the test questions successfully．
The teachers commented that the pupils in the 3D groups had deeper understanding，increased attention span．more motivation and higher engagement in the lessons．
Children are used to 3D with the rise of computer games that use the technology—90 percent of those in the study had seen a 3D film．Schools would need 3D—enabled projectors(投影仪)，laptops with good picture capabilities，3D software and glasses for children to introduce animations(动作) into classrooms．
But Danny Nicholson，an educationist，said the technology would be impractical to use in schools and could be costly．He said，“While I think the idea of 3D technology is very interesting， I worry that 3D is a bit of an expensive gimmick(小玩意儿)．There are a few cases where a true 3D image might help，but most of the time，good 2D models that can be moved would be just as effective．”
In the US，one school district in Colorado is already in the process of having 1．000 3D projectors fixed in classrooms．And the University of Caledonia．which carries out scientific research into the Lake Tabon Basin．has used 3D presentations with Grade Six pupils．Those who watched the 3D presentations were more engrossed and reported a general increase in their interest in science compared with students who watched the 2D version．
小题1:What is the main idea of the first three paragraphs?

A．There are slight differences between 3D and 2D images．

B．Pupils perform better when 3D images are used in classes．

C．Schools have difficulties in making full use of 3D technology．

D．3D technology is always more effective than 2D technology．

小题2:Danny Nicholson holds the view that 3D_____.

A．is of no help in classes

B．has a bright future in classes

C．is more practical than 2D models

D．may not be affordable for schools

小题3:What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A．3D technology will replace 2D models in the future．

B．Many pupils are now more Interested In science than before．

C．Teachers will use the 3D technology through specific training．

D．3D will soon be put into use in one school district in Colorado．

小题4:The underlined word “engrossed” in the last paragraph means_____.

A．absorbed	B．annoyed
C．relaxed	D．confused

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