Animals seem to have the sense to eat when they are hungry and they do not eat m
题型：不详难度：来源：
Animals seem to have the sense to eat when they are hungry and they do not eat more than their bodies need. It has been shown that rats will, when given a choice over a period of time, prefer water with vitamins(维生素) to water without vitamins, even though there is no difference in taste or smell between the two water bottles. When a sweet smell was added to the vitamins-enriched water, the rats did seem to develop a taste for it and kept drinking it, even after the vitamins were changed to the clear water. In time(最后), however, they broke the habit and went back to where the necessary vitamins were.
In experiments, babies of 6 to 12 months old were placed in a room with many choices of baby food before them. They were given whatever food they pointed to or appeared interested in. We are told that at first they showed some unusual eating habits, but over a period of time they managed to choose a well-balanced diet.
So in choosing food, rats and babies do seem to know what"s best for them. Clearly, there is a kind of “body wisdom”, which humans soon lose. Most of us do not eat as wisely as we could. Many of our food preferences are culturally determined and influenced by old habits. Some people eat foxes, dogs and blackbirds, while we eat cows and pigs. So what people eat and how much they eat seem to be greatly influenced by what is going around them.
小题1: In the experiment on rats, a sweet smell was added to the rats’ drinking water to ________ . | A．encourage rats to drink vitamins-enriched water | | B．test whether rats know which drink is good for them | | C．find out rats’ preference in flavor(口味) | | D．show the vitamins are tasteless |
小题2:Talking about eating habits, babies and rats are just like each other because ________ .| A．both have the wisdom to choose a balanced diet | | B．both prefer flavored food and drink | | C．both have the same eating habits | | D．both develop a taste for the same kinds of food |
小题3:In the experiment mentioned in the second paragraph, babies were ________ .| A．given many choices of drinks | | B．placed and fed in a hospital | | C．given all kinds of baby food | | D．trained to select a balanced diet |
小题4:Grown-up people’s eating habits differ from those of babies because ________ .| A．they know better than babies what kinds of food are good for their health | | B．they usually cannot say no to all kinds of delicious foods | | C．their eating habits have much to do with the social and cultural customs | | D．they have more choices of food than babies in eating patterns |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:C |
解析
试题分析：文章介绍孩子和老鼠在挑选食物方面是相似的，因为它们都有选择均衡饮食的智慧，但是成年人的饮食习惯是受社会文化风俗的影响。
小题1:推理题：从第一段的句子：when given a choice over a period of time, prefer water with vitamins(维生素) to water without vitamins, even though there is no difference in taste or smell between the two water bottles 可知这个实验是研究老鼠是否能够选择对它们有好处的饮料，选B
小题2:细节题：从第三段的句子：So in choosing food, rats and babies do seem to know what"s best for them. Clearly, there is a kind of “body wisdom”, 可知孩子和老鼠在挑选食物方面是相似的，因为它们都有选择均衡饮食的智慧，选A
小题3:细节题：从第二段的句子：In experiments, babies of 6 to 12 months old were placed in a room with many choices of baby food before them. They were given whatever food they pointed to or appeared interested in. 可知在实验中，婴儿被给与了各种各样的婴儿食物，选C
小题4:推理题：从最后一段的句子：Clearly, there is a kind of “body wisdom”, which humans soon lose. Most of us do not eat as wisely as we could. Many of our food preferences are culturally determined and influenced by old habits. 可知成年人的饮食习惯是受社会文化风俗的影响。选C |
举一反三
Passage 1
The information Highway is the road that links computer users to a large number of on-line services; the Web, e-mail, and software, to mention just a few. Not long ago, the information Highway was a new road, with not many users. Now, everyone seems to want to take a drive, with over 30 million families connected worldwide. Not surprisingly, this well-traveled highway is starting to look like a well-traveled highway. Traffic jams can cause many serious problems, forcing the system to close down for repair. Naturally, accidents will happen on such a crowed road, and usually victims are some files, gone forever. Then, of course, there’s Mr. Cool, with his new broad-band connection, who speeds down the highway faster than most of us can go. But don’t trick yourself; he pays for that speeding.
Passage 2
Want to know more about global warming and how you can help prevent it? Doctor Herman Friedman, who is considered a leading expert on the subject, will speak at Grayson Hall next Friday. Friedman studied environmental science at three well-known universities around the world before becoming a professor in the subject. He has also traveled around the world observing environmental concerns. The gradual bleaching (变白) of the Grate Barrier Reef, which came into the public eye in 2002, in his latest interest. Signed copies of his colorful book, which was published just last month, will be on sale after his talk.
小题1:The Information Highway________. | A．appeals to a large number of users | | B．is crowded with car drivers | | C．offers just a few on-line services] | | D．is free from traffic accidents |
小题2:How does MR .Cool manage to travel the Information Highway so fast?| A．By storing fewer files. | | B．By repair the system. | | C．By using a broad-band connection. | | D．By buying a better computer. |
小题3:What can be learned from Passage 2?| A．There will be a book show at Grayson Hall | | B．Friedman is now studying the Great Barrier Reef. | | C．Friedman is a leading expert on computer science. | | D．There will be a talk on global warming this week. |
小题4:Passage 2 is most probably | A．An ad for a new book. | | B．A poster about a lecture. | | C．A note to a doctor in a university. | | D．An introduction to a professor. |
小题5:According to the passage, which of the following statement is not true?| A．Doctor Herman Friedman is a famous expert on environmental science. | | B．A new book has been published recently by Doctor Herman Friedman. | | C．The colorful new book, signed by him, will be sold before the talk. | | D．Doctor Herman Friedman has studied the changes of the Grate Barrier Reef. |
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Many of us believe that a person’s mind becomes less active as he grows older. But this is not true, according to Dr Jarvik, professor of psychiatry at the University of California. She has studied the mental functioning of aging persons for several years. For example, one of her studies concerns 136 pairs of twins (双胞胎), who were first examined when they were already 60 years old. As Dr Jarvik continued the study of the twins into their 70s and 80s, their minds did not generally decline (衰弱) as was expected.
However, there was some decline in their psycho-motor speed. This means that it took them longer to finish mental tasks than it used to. But when speed was not a factor, they lost very little intellectual (智力的) ability over the years. In general, Dr Jarvik’s studies have shown that there is no decline in knowledge or reasoning ability. This is true not only with those in their 30s and 40s, but with those in their 60s and 70s as well.
It is true that older people themselves often complain that their memory is not as good as it once was. However, much of what we call “loss of memory” is not that at all. There usually was incomplete learning in the first place. For example, the older person perhaps had trouble hearing, or poor vision, or was trying to learn the new thing at too fast a speed. In the cases where the older person’s mind really seems to get worse, it is not necessarily a sign of decline due to old age. Often it is simply a sign of a sad emotional state.
小题1: This passage is mainly about _______.| A．what caused mental decline | | B．a new discovery about mental decline | | C．the difference between middle-aged and older persons | | D．how Dr Jarvik studied mental functioning of the twins |
小题2:The word “psychiatry” in paragraph 1 most probably means _______.| A．the study of diseases of the mind | | B．the study of physical diseases | | C．the study of twins’ growth | | D．the study of human behavior |
小题3:More often than not, what we call mental decline is actually a sign of _______.| A．a worsening state of health | B．old age | | C．nervous tension | D．a state of unhappiness |
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Teachers and parents usually pay attention to the pictures when they read storybooks to preschool children. But a new study suggests that paying attention to the words and letters on the page may lead to better readers.
The two-year study compared children who were read to this way in class with children who were not. Those whose teachers most often discussed the print showed clearly higher skills in reading, spelling and understanding. These results were found one year and even two years later.
Shayne Piasta, an assistant professor of teaching and learning at Ohio State University, was an author of the study. She says most preschool teachers would find this method manageable and would need only a small change in the way they teach. They already read storybooks in class. The only difference would be increased attention to the printed text.
Ms Piasta says if you get children to pay attention to letters and words, it makes sense that they will do better at word recognition and spelling. But she says research suggests that very few parents and teachers do this in a systematic(系统的) way.
More than 300 children aged four and five were observed in classrooms in Ohio and Virginia. The children came from poor families and were below average in their language skills. This put them at risk of reading problems later. For 30 weeks, the children took part in a program called Project STAR. It tests the short-term and long-term results of reading regularly to preschool children in their classrooms.
There’re different ways that adults can talk to children about print. They can point to a letter and discuss it, and even trace the shape with a finger. They can point out a word, “This is a ‘dog’.” They can discuss how the words tell the story. And they can talk about the organization of the print—for example, showing how words are written left to right in English.
小题1:According to the text, Shayne Piasta _______.| A．worked in a middle school | | B．didn’t attend the research at all | | C．liked kids to be educated through words | | D．hoped to increase kids’ interest through pictures |
小题2:According to the text, Project STAR ____.| A．focused on adults’ education | | B．was to study reading results | | C．was mainly conducted at home | | D．tested kids with good reading skills |
小题3:What is the last paragraph mainly about?| A．Why words have meanings. | | B．Different expressions of words. | | C．How words are spelled differently. | | D．Ways of teaching about print. |
小题4: The text may appear in ____.| A．Child Development | | B．Daily Technology | | C．International Affairs | | D．Health Development |
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Scores on a national test released(发布)on November 1 show that students in the U.S.A. have improved in math over the last two years, but mostly stayed the same in reading. This year, 422,000 fourth graders and 343,000 eighth graders took the exams between January and March. Students were asked to read grade-appropriate(年级适合的) materials and answer questions for the reading test. For the math test, students answered questions about geometry, algebra, number properties, measurement and other topics.
The U.S Department of Education released the scores in a report called The Nation’s Report Card (NAEP). This year, students earned the highest scores ever recorded on the math exam, which has been given since 1990.Fourth graders scored an average of 241.That is a one-point increase from 2009and a 28-point increase from 1990. Eighth graders made similar progress. Then average score this year was 284,up one point from 2009 and 21 points from 1990.
In reading, fourth graders scored an average of 221 points, the same average score since 2007.That score is four points above those from 1992, when the first reading test was given. Eighth graders scored an average of 265 points, up one point from 2009 and five points from 1992.
Education experts say reading is a harder subject to improve in the classroom than math. While math is largely learned in classrooms, reading results depend on how much kids read outside of school and how much they read in other subjects, such as history and science.
On the NAEP, math scores were the highest among students who have limited use of calculators(计算器) during math lessons, compared with students who have unlimited use or no use. Reading scores were the highest among students who said they read for fun on their own time almost every day.
小题1:According to the test, students in the U.S.A _______________________.| A．do better in math than in reading | | B．work harder at reading than at math | | C．prefer to learn math in their spare time | | D．are more interested in reading than before |
小题2:In 1990, the fourth graders’ average score on the math exam was about____________小题3:We can learn from the third paragraph that ______________.| A．eighth graders all took part in the test in 2007 | | B．reading scores have not improved much since 2007 | | C．eighth graders got higher scores than fifth graders | | D．fourth graders’ scores are becoming lower and lower |
小题4: What can we learn from the passage?| A．The first reading test was given in 1990. | | B．Eighth graders’ average math score was 285 in 2009 | | C．Eighth graders got the same average as fourth graders in the reading this year | | D．Reading is hard to improve in the classroom because that requires students to read a lot outside of school. |
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Thousands of teenagers will be able to transfer to a new wave of “studio schools” at the age of 14 to improve their chances of finding a job in UK. A dozen new-style schools are designed to act as a bridge to the workplace and cut the number of NEETs--young people not in education, employment or training.
Under plans, schools will operate longer days and work outside standard academic terms.
Each pupil will be expected to spend between four hours and two days a week on work placements with businesses linked to the school and teenagers will be assigned a personal coach to act as an academic “line manager”.
The reforms are put forward due to the fears that too many teenagers are now finishing full-time education lacking the skills needed to succeed in the workplace. According to a recent report, more than two-thirds of employers believe school and college leavers lack important “employability skills” such as customer awareness, while 55 per cent say they are unable to manage their time or daily tasks. And the number of NEETs has hit a record high, with almost one-in-five young people being left without a job or training place.
The Department for Education will announce the establishment of 12 studio schools -- meeting the need of around 3,600 teenagers -- in areas such as Liverpool, Stevenage, Stoke-on-Trent and Fulham, west London. Each one, opening in 2012, will be linked to a series of local employers. Under plans, pupils will be able to transfer out of ordinary schools to attend them between the age of 14 and 19.
The Government said all subjects would be taught “through projects, often designed with employers” -- with disciplines such as science being linked directly to local engineering firms or hospitals. Schools will operate a longer day to give pupils a better understanding of the demands of the workplace. Along with their studies, pupils will carry out work placements for four hours a week, rising to two days a week of paid work for those aged 16 to 19. They will also get the chance to take professional qualifications linked directly to the needs of local employers.
小题1:According to the passage, the NEETs are referred to those who ________.
A．often miss classes from school
| B．refuse to take any kind of part-time jobs after school
| C．depend on their parents to find jobs after they graduate
| D．have no jobs without accepting education and work training
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小题2: Compared to ordinary schools, studio schools will offer the young more ________.
A．interesting and lovely cartoons to make study easier
| B．chances to get future jobs with expert job training
| C．possibilities to make friends without going outside
| D．lessons helping them to be admitted to universities
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小题3:What makes the government decide to found studio schools?
A．The determination to solve the problem of lacking workers.
| B．The doubt about whether full-time education is perfect.
| C．The worry about educated people lacking working skills.
| D．The increasing number of teens who drop out early.
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小题4: What may most probably attract senior high school students at studio school?
A．They can find suitable jobs earlier with good qualification.
| B．They will be admitted to top companies with received training.
| C．They needn’t go to university thanks to received training here.
| D．They may have more free time to find part-time jobs after school.
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