A portable lung which could help those with breathing problems lead a normal lif
题型：不详难度：来源：
The Swansea University scientists say it could take many years before the device(装置) , the size of a spectacle box (眼镜盒) , is available . Lung patients , who have seen how it would work , have welcomed the research.
Its research suggests that one person in every seven in the UK is affected by lung disease---- this equates to approximately 8 million people. As of 6 March 2009, 217 people were on the waiting list for a lung transplant（移植） according to figures by NHS Blood and Transplant .
Now scientists in Swansea are developing a portable artificial lung which could transform (改观) the lives of patients . Researchers claim that in the long term the device could offer an alternative to lung transplant , giving hope to those who suffer from conditions such as emphysema(肺气肿) and cystic fibrosis.
The device mimics the function of a lung---by getting oxygen into and carbon dioxide out of the blood stream . Professor Bill Johns came up with the idea after his son died of Cystic Fibrosis . It is important that we make something that will help people , who instead of being confined (局限) to a wheelchair with an oxygen bottle , can actually walk around and do things for themselves , he said.
Although the research has been welcomed by leading charities(慈善) , caution has also been voiced over the length of time it will take before a portable lung will become available .
“We have to stress that this is several years away from being used , even in a trial stage,” said Chris Mulholland , head of the British Lung Foundation.
Patient Elizabeth Spence from Swansea has been refused the double lung transplant she needs but remains hopeful that one day the new device could save her . “ My body will reject the lungs , so this possibly could be an answer--- another way of getting new lungs without actually having the transplant,” she said.
小题1:Which of the following about the portable lung would the author agree?
| A．It can help a lot in lung transplants |
| B．It was once on display |
| C．It works differently from the normal one in the body |
| D．It’s just like an oxygen bottle. |
| A．support | B．money | C．time | D．trial |
| A．Negative. | B．Doubtful. | C．Curious. | D．Objective. |
| A．Science. | B．Culture. | C．Economy. | D．Education. |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:D
小题4:A
解析
试题分析：文章介绍了一种新发明——便携式肺器官。这是一种只有眼镜盒大小的装置，可以模仿人体肺部功能把氧气输入血液，同时把二氧化碳排除人体血液系统。这给肺病患者带来了很大希望，但是专家称此装置还需要很长一段时间才能投入使用。
小题1:B推理判断题。从文章第二段Lung patients , who have seen how it would work , have welcomed the research .可知肺部患者见过这种装置的运作过程，由此推断这种发明曾经展示过，故B选项正确。
小题2:C细节理解题。从文章倒数第二段“We have to stress that this is several years away from being used , even in a trial stage,”可知即使是试验阶段也得需要几年的时间才能被使用。
小题3:D推理判断题。A消极的；B怀疑的；C好奇的；D客观的。从文章的整体内容可知，作者只是介绍这种装置，引用或转述别人的话，而没有加入个人的观点看法，由此可知D选项正确。
小题4:A推理判断题。文章内容是关于一种新型医疗装置，并且文章开头提出。。。is being developed by scientists，由此判断文章是选自科学版面。故A选项正确。
举一反三
The British Isles is made up of two large islands: One is called Ireland and the other Britain. Britain, or Great Britain, is the larger of these two islands and it is divided into three parts: Scotland, Wales and England.
The United Kingdom (UK) is short for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is made up of Scotland, Wales, and England (i.e. the whole of Britain), and also about one-sixth of Ireland, the Northern part. The rest of Ireland is self-governing(自治的).
England is the largest, most populous (人口众多的), and generally speaking, the richest section. English people often use the words “England” and “English” when they mean “Britain” and “British”. This sometimes makes the Scots and the Welsh angry. The Scots are very proud of their separate nationality. The Welsh too do not consider themselves as England, and have a culture and even a language of their own. Ireland became part of the United Kingdom in 1801, but is soon grew discontented (不满的), and for forty years the “Irish Question” was the greatest headache of British Parliament(国会). At last, Ireland divided itself into two: Northern Ireland remained loyal(忠诚于) to the Crown(英国王室), and in 1922 the rest of the country broke away to form Irish Free State, now the Republic of Ireland.
小题1:Which is the largest in area?
| A．The British Iles | B．Great Britain |
| C．England | D．The United Kingdom |
| A．Ireland | B．Britain |
| C．England | D．Northern Ireland |
| A．3 parts: Scotland, Wales, and England |
| B．4 parts: Scotland, Wales, England and Ireland |
| C．2 parts: the whole of Britain and Ireland |
| D．2 parts: the whole of Britain and Northern Ireland |
| A．“English” refers(指) to people of England. |
| B．“The Scots” refers to people of Scotland. |
| C．“England” refers to all the people to the UK. |
| D．Only one-sixth of Ireland belongs to the UK. |
| A．The British | B．People of England |
| C．People of the Republic of Ireland | D．The welsh |
Here are some of our favorite study tips that will help any student study smarter, not harder:
Recite As You Study
Reciting—saying things out loud should first take place as you read through each paragraph or section. Test yourself. This will help you to understand as well as learn faster because it is more active than reading or listening. It will also help you to notice your mistakes and the topics you have trouble understanding.
Take Fuller Notes
Notes should be in your own words, brief and clear. They should be tidy and easy to read. Writing notes will help you better than just underlining as you read, since it forces you to rewrite ideas in your own words.
Study the Middle
The best time to review is soon after you’ve learned something. You are more likely to remember the material at the beginning and the end of the lesson, so make sure you focus on the middle when you review.
Sleep On It
Study before going to bed, unless you are very tired. It’s easier to remember material you’ve just learned after sleeping than after an equal period of daytime activity, because your brain continues to think even after you’ve fallen asleep.
Combine Memory and Understanding
There are two ways to remember: by memorizing and by understanding. Multiplication tables, telephone numbers, and math formulas are better learned by rote. Ideas are best learned by understanding.
The more ways you have to think about an idea, the more meaning it will have; the more meaningful the learning, the better you can remember it. Pay attention to similarities in ideas and concepts, and then try to understand how they fit in with things you already know. Never be satisfied with anything less than a completely clear understanding of what you are reading. If you are not able to follow the thought, go back to the place where you first got confused and try again.
小题1: You can notice your mistakes by _______.
| A．saying things out aloud | B．taking notes |
| C．studying the middle | D．sleeping on it |
| A．underline important notes |
| B．write notes in your own words |
| C．take down every detail |
| D．write as quickly as possible |
| A．study after a period of activity |
| B．do some exercise after studying |
| C．study as soon as you get up |
| D．study before going to sleep |
| A．Thinking about an idea in different ways. |
| B．Relating ideas and concepts with what you already know. |
| C．Reading from the beginning to the end without stop. |
| D．Going back to what first made you confused and start again. |
Well, it 41 being a cowboy or some super hero. Later it was a fireman, policeman, lawyer ... As I grew older my dreams of the future 42 . When, at last, I was in college, I made up my 43 to become a preacher(牧师) as my father. 44 I studied and prepared for that life. I reached 45 in the end and I was preaching nearly fulltime for much of my adult life.
However, for many, there is a “thief” which goes around stealing our 46 . Sometimes, the thief will come as a parent, a relative, or a friend, but the 47 thief is, so many times, just 48 .
We find ourselves just about reaching the top, and this “small” 49 inside says, “You will never make 50 .” “You can’t possibly do this.” And on and on the “small” voice 51 some kind of failure. Failure, though, is exactly how dreams are 52 . It is one of the most important tools we have, because it teaches us invaluable 53 . And, when we learn these lessons well, we are ready 54 success.
The message I always gave my children was that you 55 do anything your heart desires. Remember the saying, “Nothing is 56 to a willing heart.” There are 57 “overnight” successes, but with determination, it will come. Imagine yourself in the life you dream of 58 . Then in your heart, believe it 59 happen for you. Then work, work, work. You get the picture.
So, be true to your dream, and don’t let anyone 60 it from you—especially yourself.
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During the rest of the day students are encouraged to make use of the opportunities to speak and improve their English with the presence of monitors and teachers who will always use English with them.
There are three classes in the morning from Monday to Friday. The focus is primarily on spoken English; students will learn functional English to help them in real social situations. Special attention will be given to useful vocabulary for the afternoon’s activities or trip. The course will finish with a group presentation.
Maximum number of students in class is 8. This allows for greater participation and a greater degree of individual attention. Please note that this is a guaranteed maximum.
Each class is with a different teacher. This means that students practice English with the
added benefit of listening to more accents and experience a variety of teaching styles.
Classes are arranged by level. On arrival students take a level test to assess their oral, reading and written abilities. Students are then placed in a class where teachers agree they will benefit most.
We live and study on campus. There is no time wasted in traveling to class. There are short breaks between classes to allow students to refresh, prepare for the next class or make a start on homework. Homework is beneficial to reinforcing language learned during the day so teachers will set some short tasks each night. Students will have opportunity to do these when they choose--after class, before or after meals or at the end of the day.
Teachers are native-English speakers from all over the world, graduates, TESOL qualified, and experienced. Our teachers know what ifs like to learn a language. They will encourage and help all the students一from children to teenagers.
小题1:In the morning lessons, students will_____.
| A．make sure of the opportunity to make a personal presentation |
| B．learn spoken English for the afternoon activities |
| C．practise speaking English with teachers individually |
| D．get into real social situations to practise functional English |
| A．students themselves have their own favourite teachers |
| B．students can make friends with different teachers |
| C．students can learn English spoken with different accents |
| D．different teachers teach students different courses |
| A．There is no need for students to do any homework there. |
| B．All the teachers are native and full of experience. |
| C．Students don’t have lunch together with their teachers. |
| D．Not more than eight students are allowed to learn in a class. |
Humans are the only animals clearly known to shed emotional tears. Since evolution has given rise to few purposeless physiological responses, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance (increase) survival.
Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to ask for assistance form others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention. So, it appears, there must be something special about tears themselves.
Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress, University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently isolated two important chemicals from emotional tears. Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion. Tears shed because of exposure to cut onion would contain no such substance.
Other researchers are investigating the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs. At Tulane University’s Teat Analysis Laboratory Dr. Peter Kastl and his colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse, to study the causes of “dry eye” syndrome（综合症）and the effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants.
小题1:What does the phrase “both those responses” in Paragraph 1 refer to ?
| A．Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happiness. |
| B．The embarrassment and unpleasant sensation of the observers. |
| C．The tear shedder’s apology and the observer’s effort to stop the crying. |
| D．Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of tears. |
| A．it is unnatural for people to shed tears |
| B．we can reduce our stress by shedding tears |
| C．shedders of tears can’t get help by crying loudly |
| D．unlike animals, humans can shed tears for survival |
| A．Roles of emotional tears. |
| B．functions of shedding tears. |
| C．Unwelcome shedders of tears. |
| D．Research on the effects of tears. |
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