Surgeons in Spain have successfully carried out the world’s first organ transpla

Surgeons in Spain have successfully carried out the world’s first organ transpla

题型:不详难度:来源:
Surgeons in Spain have successfully carried out the world’s first organ transplant using new stem cell technology. Some people are calling it the greatest medical breakthrough so far this century.
But what are stem cells? As we know, most cells in our bodies are designed to serve specific purposes – for example, a liver cell develops to work in the liver and cannot become a heart cell. But stem cells are different. They are very young, and in the laboratory scientists can grow them into different types of cell.
Claudia Castillo needed a new windpipe after getting a serious disease. Scientists from the University of Bristol in the UK took a donor windpipe, or trachea, from someone who had recently died. They used strong chemicals to remove the donor’s cells, leaving a tissue scaffold(组织支架). This was refilled with cells from Ms Castillo’s windpipe, and stem cells from her bone. After four days the cells had grown sufficiently for the windpipe to be transplanted into Ms Castillo.
Currently, transplant patients have to take drugs for the rest of their lives to prevent their bodies rejecting the new organs. These drugs can have bad side-effects, and do not always prevent rejection. But by using Ms Castillo’s own cells, doctors were able to trick her body into thinking the new windpipe was her own organ. Five months on, Claudia Castillo is in perfect health.
This ground-breaking procedure could be used in other transplant operations in the future. Scientists also believe stem cells might be used to treat Parkinson"s disease, Alzheimer"s disease, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, diabetes, burns and so on.
However, stem cell research is extremely controversial. The most effective stem cells do not come from adults but from embryos created in laboratories and which are just a few days old. Many people have religious or ethical objections to growing embryos, even if they can be used to cure diseases.
小题1:This transplant is considered the greatest medical breakthrough because _________.
A.this is the first organ transplant in the whole world
B.the patient is in perfect health after the operation
C.it is the first success with new stem cell technology
D.the stem cells are from an embryo developed in a lab
小题2:Stem cells are different from the other ceils in the way that __________.
A.they are grown in the lab only
B.they can grow into different types of cell
C.they are designed for a specific purpose
D.they can work in the liver not in the heart
小题3:What is the main idea of the third paragraph?
A.How Claudia survived in the operation
B.How to remove the cells from the donor’s organ
C.Why stem cells are needed in the transplant
D.How the windpipe is transplanted
小题4:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Human bodies always reject transplanted organs even with their own cells
B.The donor’s cells had to be removed because they were unhealthy
C.The transplanted organ was refilled with the stem cells only
D.Claudia will not have to take drugs to prevent rejection.
小题5:Which word can best describe the scientists’ attitude towards the stem cell technology?
A.controversialB.confident
C.conservative (保守的)D.critical

答案

小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:D
小题5:B
解析

试题分析:本文叙述的是干细胞移植的问题,在文章中作者举例说明干细胞移植的好处,在最后也提出了干细胞移植会遇见的困难。
小题1:C 细节题。根据文章第一段1,2行Surgeons in Spain have successfully carried out the world’s first organ transplant using new stem cell technology.说明这是第一次成功的使用干细胞技术的移植。故C项正确。
小题1:B 细节题。根据第二段最后2行But stem cells are different. They are very young, and in the laboratory scientists can grow them into different types of cell.说明这种细胞和别的细胞不一样,是因为它能长成不同种类的细胞,故B正确。
小题1:D 段落大意题。本段是举例说明干细胞移植的一次成功的经历,通过这次经历的描述告诉我们the windpipe是怎么样被移植的。故D项正确。
小题1:D 推理题。根据文章第4段前4行Currently, transplant patients have to take drugs for the rest of their lives to prevent their bodies rejecting the new organs. These drugs can have bad side-effects, and do not always prevent rejection. But by using Ms Castillo’s own cells, doctors were able to trick her body into thinking the new windpipe was her own organ.说明Ms Castillo不需要再服用药物,故D正确。
小题1:B 态度意图题。从作者对干细胞移植的好处的描述可以看出他还是比较乐观的,虽然干细胞移植有点困难,但是不会阻止它的进一步发展。故B项正确。
点评:科普类短文最大的障碍是词汇以及考生对阅读内容的不熟悉,需要考生在阅读的时候有足够的耐心。要养成在上下文串联中猜测词义的能力,根据上下文中出现的同义词,近义词,反义词,以及词义的解释来理解生词。同时要抓住文章的中心,不要受其他信息的影响。要根据题目及选项以及文章的上下文串联合理的判断推理
举一反三
Tuesday the twelfth was my birthday. I  16 a day of cake and presents  17__     it turned into a day of mystery(神秘). Someone sent a bottle with a letter and a treasure map   18 . It said there was a treasure of over 20 million dollars. I didn’t know if it was a trick(恶作剧) or if I should   19  it. If it was   20  , it would be the best present I had ever got. I decided to  21 . Two of my friends came and we rented a truck.   22 , I thought about turning back twice during this trip, but I didn’t think it was a 23 decision for me to make. I   24 to give this trip twice the effort(努力) I had been putting in. This would take all my trust in order for me to find the  25  .
“The map says you have to turn when you see a large stone with a red circle,” said one of them.
“What do we do after the turn?” I asked   26 .
“It says we should see a tree. We are   27  to turn 20 meters north of it and dig. 
We got there and dug. We had   28  at first digging but we got better and worked very   29 . My trousers were dirty but I kept digging   30  I hit something. It was a large metal box. We   31  the lock and looked inside. There was a letter. It read:
  “The lesson you have learned will be very   32  . If you put as much   33 in anything you do as you did in finding the   34  , you will have found the key to making over 20 million dollars.”
  This was a trick from my parents. I thought I would never forget this   35    birthday present.
小题1:
A.expectedB.acceptedC.passedD.planned
小题2:
A.orB.butC.andD.so
小题3:
A.aboveB.awayC.insideD.nearby
小题4:
A.trustB.forgetC.refuseD.share
小题5:
A.commonB.easyC.interestingD.real
小题6:
A.chooseB.tryC.askD.think
小题7:
A.LuckilyB.FinallyC.ProbablyD.Actually
小题8:
A.wiseB.bigC.differentD.quick
小题9:
A.hatedB.failedC.neededD.remembered
小题10:
A.pleasureB.truthC.helpD.aim
小题11:
A.gratefullyB.sadlyC.angrilyD.seriously
小题12:
A.allowedB.requiredC.forcedD.encouraged
小题13:
A.trainingB.experienceC.troubleD.fun
小题14:
A.quicklyB.badlyC.tiredlyD.carefully
小题15:
A.sinceB.ifC.becauseD.until
小题16:
A.repairedB.openedC.changedD.cleaned
小题17:
A.valuableB.necessaryC.satisfyingD.painful
小题18:
A.timeB.moneyC.healthD.energy
小题19:
A.bottleB.mapC.letterD.tree
小题20:
A.prettyB.perfectC.specialD.expensive

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
It is easier to float in the ocean than it is to float in a swimming pool. Do you know why?
Ocean water is full of salt— and salt water can hold up more weigh than fresh water. See for yourself!
You Will Need:
● 3 cups of warm water
● Measuring cup (量杯)
● Wide-mouthed jar
● Salt
● Spoon
● Raw (生的)potato
You Will Do:
1. Pour 1.5 cups of warm water into the jar.
2. Add 1/3 cup of salt.
3. Stir(搅拌) until the salt is completely dissolved.
4. Add another 1.5 cups of water. Pour it slowly over the back of the spoon into the jar so that the two liquid will not mix together.
5. Gently place the potato into the jar. Do not drop it.
What Will Happen:
The potato will sink— but only halfway!
Why?
Salt water is heavier than fresh water, so it will stay on the bottom. The fresh water will remain on top.
The potato is heavier than the fresh water, but it is lighter than the salt water. That is why the potato will sink halfway down.
小题1:In the experiment, what should you do right after you pour the water over the spoon?
A.Add the salt to the water.B.Stir the salt into the water.
C.Place the potato in the jar.D.Pour warm water into thejar.
小题2:In Step 4 of the experiment, why do you pour the water over the spoon “slowly”?
A.It is easier to see what you are doing.
B.It pushes the fresh water to the bottom.
C.It will keep the water from coming out.
D.It will keep the liquids from mixing together.
小题3:In which step of the experiment do you add the salt?
A.Step 1B.Step 2C.Step 3D.Step 4
小题4:What does the underlined word “gently” mean?
A.CarefullyB.QuicklyC.SecretlyD.Silently

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Researchers at San Diego Zoo have been studying what has been described as the “secret language” of elephants. They have been monitoring(监测) communications between animals that cannot be heard by human ears.
The elephant’s call will be familiar to most people, but the animals also give out growls (低吼). Their growls, however, are only partly audible (听得见的); two-thirds of the call is at frequencies that are too low to be picked up by our hearing. To learn more about the inaudible part of the growl, the team attached (附在……上面) a microphone sensitive to these low frequencies and a GPS tracking system to eight of the zoo’s female elephants. The researchers could then relate the noises the animals were making to what they were doing. Matt Anderson, who led the project, told BBC News, “We’re excited to learn how they interact and contact with one another.”
The team has already learned that pregnant females use this low frequency communication to announce to the rest of their long gestation (妊娠期) of over two years, in the last 12 days we see the low part of the growl, which we can’t hear. This we believe is to announce to the rest of the herd that the baby is upcoming,” said Dr Anderson.
The researchers believe that this also warns the elephants to look out for coming danger. “You may think that a baby calf of about 300 pounds would not be as open to predation (捕食) as other species,” he says. “But packs of hyenas (袋狼) are a big threat in the wild.”
Female elephants are only in season for around four days every four years and these calls can be heard by males more than two miles away.
小题1:Why some elephants’ call is called “secret language”?
A.Because it can’t be heard by human ears.
B.Because it can only be heard by female elephants.
C.Because people don’t know its meanings.
D.Because people haven’t studied it completely.
小题2:By using a sensitive microphone and a GPS tracking system, the researchers wanted to find out             .
A.where the elephants usually go
B.what the elephants’ growls really mean
C.how mother elephants raise baby calves
D.how elephants protect their babies.
小题3:A pregnant elephant uses inaudible growls to           .
A.show the location where she is staying
B.ask for help when she losses her way
C.scare away the enemy
D.let others know she will have a baby
小题4:What is the passage mainly about?
A.The elephants can speak like people.
B.The wild elephants’ ways to fight against enemies.
C.The “secret language” between elephants.
D.The special life of female elephants.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
___1____ Maybe you thought that they were just happy. After all, you probably sing or whistle when you are happy.
However, they sing most of the time for a very different reason. ____2___ Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy.
Do you know what a “territory” is? A territory is an area that an animal, usually the male, claims(声称)as its own. ____3___ No other families of the same species are welcome. Your yard and house are your territory where only your family and friends are welcome. If a stranger should enter your territory and threaten you, you might shout. Probably this would be enough to frighten him away. If so, you have actually scared the stranger away without having to fight him. A bird does the same thing. But he expects an outsider almost any time, especially at nesting(筑巢)season. So he is screaming all the time, whether he can see an outsider or not.__4__.
Birds sing loudest in the spring when they are trying to attract a mate and warn others not to enter the territory of theirs. You can see that birds have a language all their own. ___5__
A.Only he and his family are welcome there.
B.Most of it has to do with attracting mates and setting up territories.
C.Have you ever wondered why birds sing?
D.Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory.
E. Have you ever wondered why birds sing?
F. Most of the language is widely used.
G. This screaming is what we call a bird’s song, and it is usually enough to keep an outsider away.
题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Travis laughed as he tore at the wrapping paper on his birthday present.He was so    16 ! Finally, he would have the coolest pair of name-brand basketball shoes.
All the guys on his team were wearing the name-brand shoes of a popular basketball   17  , Chuck Hart.    18   Hart was criticized for his poor sportsmanship(运动员风范) and infamous(臭名远扬的)   19 , he was a great player.In fact, Travis wasn"t thinking about Hart" s behavior; he had only expected to see Hart" s  20  on the side of the box.The first indication that something was   21  came as he tore away the last piece of paper.Not Hart" s.The new shoes were the name-brand of another player, Robert Ryann, who was   22   for his amazing work in the community.
Travis"s hands   23  ; his heart stopped.It wasn"t that the Ryann shoes weren"t nice, but what would his friends think ?
They were the wrong shoes and Travis would be   24  by the other players. When he looked up into his dad" s eyes, however, Travis knew  he  25  tell him. ""Thanks, Dad.I was really hoping for shoes," Travis said as he pulled the shoes out of the box.
Next morning his dad drove him to school.When they   26  in front of his destination, Travis slowly opened the car door.Just then, his dad stopped him.
"Hey, Travis, wait a minute, look"…" his dad said  27   "Travis, I know those aren" t the shoes you had hoped for, but I saw the names of the two guys and made a(n)   28   The guy whose name is on those shoes," he said, pointing down at Travis’s feet, "is someone I   29   .Do you know how often Ryann has found himself in   30 ?"
"No," Travis said.
" Never.He" s never talked back to his coach or started a fight, and he" s a team player.You could have acted like a   31  when you didn"t get the shoes you wanted, Travis,   32  you were polite and made the best of it.You have    33  , like the guy whose name is on these shoes.I" m hoping that someday, your name will be on the coolest pair of shoes I" 11 ever see."
When Travis looked down at his feet, he saw the shoes   34   . His dad had used his mind and heart to give the son a thoughtful   35   .
小题1:
A.surprisedB.ashamedC.excitedD.worried
小题2:
A.teamB.playerC.coachD.game
小题3:
A.UnlessB.IfC.BecauseD.Although
小题4:
A.skillB.performance C.behaviorD.action
小题5:
A.nameB.photoC.signD.model
小题6:
A.strangeB.wrongC.trueD.funny
小题7:
A.knownB.encouragedC.adoptedD.influenced
小题8:
A.fellB.frozeC.shookD.folded
小题9:
A.questionedB.noticedC.teasedD.attacked
小题10:
A.mustn"tB.needn"tC.wouldn"tD.couldn"t
小题11:
A.pulled upB.put upC.took upD.turned up
小题12:
A.peacefullyB.hesitantlyC.delightedlyD.naturally
小题13:
A.choiceB.effortC.commentD.mistake
小题14:
A.believeB.missC.admireD.remember
小题15:
A.dangerB.angerC.sorrowD.trouble
小题16:
A.teammateB.adultC.kidD.student
小题17:
A.soB.andC.butD.or
小题18:
A.honorB.courageC.dreamD.belief
小题19:
A.clearlyB.carefullyC.patientlyD.differently
小题20:
A.giftB.lookC.hopeD.lesson

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
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