Among all the fast growing science and technology, the research of human genes（基
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Among all the fast growing science and technology, the research of human genes（基因）, or biological engineering as people call it, is drawing more and more attention now. Sometimes it is a hot topic discussed by people.
The greatest thing that gene technology can do is to cure serious diseases that doctors at present can almost do nothing with, such as cancer and heart disease. Every year, millions of people are murdered by these two killers. And to date, doctors have not found an effective way to cure them. But if the gene technology is applied（应用）, not only these two diseases can be cured completely, bringing happiness and more living days to the patients, but also the great amount of money people spend on curing their diseases can be saved, therefore it benefits the economy as well. In addition, human life span(寿命) can be prolonged.
Gene technology can help people to give birth to more healthy and clever children. Some families, with the English imperial family being a good example, have hereditary diseases. This means their children will for sure have the family disease, which is a great trouble for these families. In the past, doctors could do nothing about hereditary diseases. But gene technology can solve this problem perfectly. The scientists just need to find the wrong gene and correct it and a healthy child will be born.
Some people are worrying that the gene research can be used to manufacture (produce) human beings in large quantities. In the past few years, scientists have succeeded in cloning a sheep; therefore these people predict that human babies would soon be cloned. But I believe cloned babies will not come out in large quantities, for most couples in the world can have babies in very normal way. Of course, the governments must take care to control gene technology.
小题1:What does “these two killers” in the second paragraph refer to?| A．Gene technology and another treatment of the two diseases. | | B．The two murderers who killed the cloned baby | | C．The two diseases of cancer and heart disease | | D．Hereditary diseases and cancer |
小题2:What’s the main idea of the third paragraph?| A．How gene technology can be applied to cure family diseases. | | B．Gene technology can be used to clone human babies. | | C．Gene technology can help people to give birth to a baby. | | D．Gene technology can help the English imperial family out |
小题3:What is the main purpose of writing this passage?| A．Expressing the writer’s idea that gene technology will benefit people | | B．Telling people the advantages of gene technology | | C．Telling the readers that gene technology will not benefit people | | D．Explaining that gene technology will also do harm to the humanity |
小题4:Which of the following worries people by using this technology?| A．Scientists have already successfully cloned sheep. | | B．Most couple will normally give birth to babies. | | C．A good number of babies will be cloned | | D．The government will take action to control it. |
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答案
小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:A
小题4:C |
解析
文章是关于基因技术，详细讲述了基因技术的好处。
小题1:推理题。根据上文的such as cancer and heart disease.
小题2:主旨大义题。通读第三段，第三段是关于基因被应用于治愈家族病。
小题3:主旨大义题。通读全文可知文章主要讲述了基因技术对人类的好处以及作者的观点。
小题4:细节题。根据文章最后一段Some people are worrying that the gene research can be used to manufacture (produce) human beings in large quantities. |
举一反三
Every heard the old saying, “An apple a day keeps the doctor away”? It is true! Apples have a lot of nutritional value!
A medium sized apple has only 80 calories (卡). What a great snack choice! Not only is an apple low in calories, they contain absolutely no fat. Thus, eating apples as snacks, as opposed to chips or cakes, will help reduce the risk of cancer.
On top of reducing the risk of cancer, the low sodium (钠) amounts in apples also help reduce high blood pressure and heart disease. They are cholesterol (胆固醇) free. They are also rich in vitamin A, which helps strengthen vision (视力) along with bone and tooth development.
Now that we know the nutritional facts, let’s take a look at some of the fun facts—That’s right! Apples can be fun, as well as healthy!
If an apple is fresh, it will float on water. Twenty-five percent of an apple is air, thus allowing it to float. Can you imagine bobbing (上下浮动) for apples that sink?
And, did you know that an apple is covered with a natural layer of wax (蜡)? That’s what the peeling (剥下的皮) is. It protects the apple’s high water content, keeping the apple fresh.
Apples are a very important part of a healthy diet, but keep in mind they can be fun. And always remember, if an apple sinks in water, pick another one to bob for!
小题1:How many kinds of facts about apples are mentioned in the passage?| A．Two. | B．Three. | C．Four. | D．Five. |
小题2:Apples contain no _________.| A．calories and sodium | B．fat and sodium | | C．fat and cholesterol | D．cholesterol and sodium |
小题3:We learn that an apple is probably _________ if it sinks in water.| A．too high in water content | B．still green | | C．sweet and rich in vitamins | D．unsuitable to eat |
小题4:Why do apples stay fresh for a long time?| A．Because they contain much water. | | B．Because they have peeling with a layer of wax. | | C．Because they contain much air. | | D．Because they have peeling with nutritional value. |
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Three more cattle farms in Andong，North Gyeongsang Province，were found to have been infected with the deadly foot-and-mouth disease，Nov．2 2010，Thursday．People fear that livestock farms in other parts of the country could be hit by the virus soon．
On Monday，the disease was first detected on two pig farms in Andong，about half a year after the last disease broke out in Korea．A cattle farm in the area also fell victim to the animal disease the following day．
The Ministry for Food，Agriculture，Forestry and Fisheries made sure that three more cases of foot-and-mouth disease appeared on Thursday and decided to kill all the animals at the farms and others at nearby places to stop the spread of the virus to other regions．Over 800 cows and pigs within a 500 meter range of the infected farms were killed and buried underground．
“Three suspected cases were reported Wednesday，near the pig farms where the first outbreak was reported．The laboratory tests today showed that all three cattle farms were infected with the disease,” a ministry official said．Two newly infected cattle farms were less than 4 kilometers away from the two pig farms，while the third one was only 2．5 kilometers away．
The ministry also said another cattle farm in Andong reported suspected cases of foot-and-mouth disease on its livestock Thursday，indicating the disease will likely continue to spread across the city and possibly beyond．
The government has culled more than 33,000 animals near the affected farms Monday alone under its disease prevention program．Additionally，all 84 livestock markets across the nation were closed Wednesday for a period to prevent spread of the disease．
No suspected cases have been reported outside of Andong，but the government Thursday decided to destroy an additional 22,000 pigs at two farms in Boryeong，South Chungcheong Province．
小题1:Last time foot and mouth disease ．| A．broke out in North cattle farms | | B．was controlled as soon as possible | | C．happened in June，2010 | | D．destroyed almost all cattle in cattle farms |
小题2:How did the government deal with the disease?| A．The government controlled only the two farms． | | B．The government had more animals killed． | | C．The government tried to cure the sick animals． | | D．The government hated to kill animals． |
小题3:The underlined word “culled” has the same meaning as ．| A．treated | B．killed | C．bought | D．sold |
小题4:From the last paragraph we can know that ．| A．22,000 pigs have been infected with the disease | | B．22,000 pigs will be moved to other farms | | C．Boryeong is also an infected area | | D．22,000 pigs will go down to their death |
小题5:In which part of a newspaper can you most probably read the passage?| A．Today’s News | B．History and Culture | | C．Entertainment | D．Science |
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Secondhand smoke isn’t just a health threat to people．It can also hurt dogs and cats，veterinarians say．
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention，more than 126 million Americans who don"t smoke are exposed to secondhand smoke in their homes，vehicles，workplaces，and public places．This exposure causes thousands of lung cancer and heart disease deaths among nonsmokers every year，according to the California Environmental Protection Agency．
“Making the leap from the effects of secondhand smoke on humans to their effects on pets isn"t a big one,” says veterinarian （兽医专家） Carolynn MacAllister of Oklahoma State University．
“There have been a number of scientific papers recently that have reported the significant health threat secondhand smoke poses to pets,” MacAllister said．“Secondhand smoke has been associated with oral cancer and lymphoma in cats，lung and nasal cancer in dogs，as well as lung cancer in birds.”
Studies have also shown that dogs living in a smoking household are susceptible to cancers of the nose and sinus area，particularly if they are a long-nosed breed，because their noses have a greater surface area that is exposed to carcinogens and a greater area for them to accumulate．Dogs affected with nasal cancer normally don"t survive for more than one year．
“Short and medium-nosed dogs are more susceptible to lung cancer，because their shorter nasal passage aren"t as effective at accumulating the inhaled secondhand smoke carcinogens,” MacAllister said．“This results in more carcinogens （致癌物质） reaching the lungs.”
Birds are also at risk for lung cancer，as well as pneumonia，because their respiratory systems are hypersensitive to any type of air pollutant．
To help prevent animals from being adversely affected by smoking，pet owners who smoke should have a designated smoking area that is separated from the home or stop smoking altogether，MacAllister said．
小题1:From the passage，we can see secondhand smoke maybe not harmful to _______．| A．smokers | B．non-smokers | C．pets | D．trees |
小题2:What can be suggested according to the passage?| A．Smokers can smoke anywhere. | | B．Smokers can smoke at any time. | | C．Smokers should smoke in the designated place. | | D．Smokers must give up smoking at once. |
小题3:What kind of dogs are likely to suffer from nasal cancer?| A．Long-nosed dogs | B．Short-nosed dogs | | C．Medium-nosed dogs | D．Dogs without noses |
小题4:The best title of the passage is __________.| A．Secondhand Smoke Causes Cancer in People | | B．Secondhand Smoke Causes Cancer in Birds | | C．Secondhand Smoke Causes Cancer in Pets | | D．Secondhand Smoke Causes Cancer in Cats |
小题5:What is the meaning of the underlined phrase “are susceptible to”?| A．are likely to be harmed by | | B．are hard to be influenced by | | C．are less to be effected by | | D．are lucky to be caught by |
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Howling(吼叫) is a behavior commonly observed among a wolf pack(狼群). As pack animals, wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling as an important means of communication among each other. There’re different explanations of a wolf’s howl and it appears that there may be more to discover．
One theory is that wolves howl to bond better together. It’s almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together. Perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together. But this theory may be wrong, explains Fred H. Harrington, a professor who studies wolf behavior.
Indeed, there have been times when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a chorus(合唱), and the next, quarreling among each other. It appears that usually the lowest-ranking members of the pack may actually be “punished” for joining in the chorus at times. So is howling a way to strengthen a social bond or just a way to reconfirm status (地位) among its members? Why do wolves howl for sure?
What is clear, however, is that howling is often used among pack mates to locate each other. Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that wolves may separate from one another at times. When this happens, howling appears to be an excellent means of gathering.
Howling, interestingly, is a contagious behavior. When one wolf starts to howl, very likely others will follow. This is often seen to occur in the morning, as if wolves were doing some sort of “roll call” where wolves all howl together to report their
小题1:What is the possible similarity between wolves’ howling together and human’s singing in chorus?| A．The act of calling each other． | | B．The sense of accomplishment． | | C．The act of hunting for something． | | D．The sense of belonging to a group． |
小题2:Why does Harrington think the “social bond” theory may be wrong?| A．Wolves separate from each other after howling． | | B．Wolves tend to protect their hunting grounds． | | C．Wolves sometimes have quarrels after howling together． | | D．Wolves of low rank are encouraged to join in the chorus． |
小题3:Researchers are sure that wolves often howl to______．| A．show their ranks | B．find their companions | | C．report the missing ones | D．express their loneliness |
小题4:“Howling… is a contagious behaviour”（in the last paragraph）means_______．| A．howling is a signal for hunting | | B．howling is a way of communication | | C．howling often occurs in the morning | | D．howling spreads from one to another |
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Are you a compulsive spender，or do you hold on to your money as long as possible? Are you a bargain hunter? Would you rather use charge accounts than pay in cash? Your answers to these questions will reflect your personality．According to psychologists，our individual money habits not only show our beliefs and values，but can also stem from past problems．
Experts in psychology believe that for many people，money is an important symbol of strength and influence．Husbands who complain about their wives’ spending habits may be afraid that they are losing power in their marriage．Wives，on the other hand，may waste huge amounts of money because they are angry at their husbands．In addition，many people consider money a symbol of love．They spend it on their family and friends to express love，or they buy themselves expensive presents because they need love．
People can be addicted to different things —for example，alcohol，drugs，certain foods，or even television．They are compulsive in their addictions，i．e．they must satisfy these needs to feel comfortable．In the same way，according to psychologists，compulsive spenders must spend money．
For people who buy on credit，furthermore，charge accounts are even more exciting than money：in other words，they feel that with credit，they can do anything．Their pleasures in spending enormous amounts are actually greater than those they get from the things they buy．
There is even a special psychology of bargain hunting．To save money，of course，most people look for sales，low prices，and discounts．Compulsive bargain hunters，however，often buy things that they don’t need just because they are cheap．They want to believe that they are helping their budgets，but they are really playing an exciting game：when they can buy something for less than other people，they feel that they are winning．Most people，experts claim，have two reasons for their behavior：a good reason for the things that they do and the real reason．
It is not only scientists，of course，who understand the psychology of spending habits，but also business people．Stores，companies，and advertisers use psychology to increase business：they consider people’s needs for love，power，or influence，their basic values，their beliefs and opinions， etc．in their advertising and sales methods．
Psychologists often use a method called “behavior therapy（疗法）”to help individuals solve their personality problems．In the same way，they can help people who feel that they have problems with money：they give them “assignments” If a person buys something in every store that he enters， for instance，a therapist might teach him self discipline in this way：on the first day of his therapy， he must go into a store，stay five minutes，and then leave．On the second day，he should stay for ten minutes and try something on．On the third day，he stays for fifteen minutes，asks the salesclerk a question，but does not buy anything．Soon he will learn that nothing bad will happen to him if he doesn’t buy anything，and he can solve the problem of his compulsive buying．
小题1:If you use charge accounts， ．| A．you pay in cash | | B．you pay less than you should | | C．you pay with credit card | | D．you pay more than you should |
小题2:Compulsive bargain hunters buy things for all the following reasons except that ．| A．the things they buy are cheap | | B．they believe they can balance their budgets | | C．they get psychological satisfaction | | D．they really need the things they buy |
小题3:Behavior therapy in this case aims at ．| A．helping businessmen to increase their business | | B．helping compulsive spenders to buy less | | C．finding out how people will react if they are allowed to buy | | D．finding out what people will do in front of a bargain |
小题4:The underlined word “those” in Paragraph 3 refers to ．| A．different things | | B．their addictions | | C．their pleasures | | D．charge accounts |
小题5:From the passage we can conclude that ．| A．how you spend money reveals if you are psychologically healthy | | B．money is a necessity and will bring you happiness if you have much | | C．compulsive buying problems can be solved by taking some medicine | | D．all businessmen understand well the psychology of customers |
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