To what degree can a computer achieve intelligence(智力)? The answer to this quest
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To what degree can a computer achieve intelligence(智力)? The answer to this question may lie in a newly-developed US computer program called Smarter Child and the Internet.
If you ran into Smarter Child online, you would be surprised at this kid’s huge memory. It can recite many facts. For example, Smarter Child knows every baseball player in every team this season.
He knows every word in the dictionary and the weather in every major city areas across the US. However, if you ask Smarter Child other questions, you get stranger answers. A question about Smarter Child’s age returns, “One year, 11 days, 16 hours, 7 minutes, and 47 seconds!” Asking where he lives gets, “In a clean room in a high-tech building in California.”
Smarter Child uses the vast information on the World Wide Web as his memory bank. To answer questions about spelling, for instance, Smarter Child goes to American Heritage Dictionary online. For the weather, he visits www. intellicast. com.
Some scientists believe that by joining the many systems of the Internet, an artificial being with the combined knowledge of, say, Albert Einstein, Richard Nixon and Britney Spears could be born. However if Smarter Child wants to think and learn on his own like the boy-computer David in the movie A. I., Artificial Intelligence, he must overcome two problems.
The first is that computers find it difficult to read web pages because the files are labeled in different ways. That’s why programmers need to tell Smarter Child where to look for the weather. It would be a much more difficult task to let him find it himself.
Another problem is that while Smarter Child can process(处理) information more exactly and faster than any human, he lacks common sense—a basic grounding of knowledge that is obvious to any young child.
小题1:From the text we can infer that www. Intellicast. com is a website .| A．which is specially designed to help Smarter Child | | B．where we people can find Smarter Child | | C．where weather forecasts are made | | D．which is about artificial intelligence |
小题2: It is probably most difficult for Smarter Child to .| A．tell us how to spell a difficult word | | B．tell us how the American government is run | | C．provide us with a famous poem by Shakespeare | | D．learn how to tell right behaviors from wrong ones. |
小题3: Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A. Smart Child has his own memory bank big enough for all kinds of information.
B. A. I. Artificial Intelligence is probably the name of a film about a boy-computer.
C. Smart Child can recognize different files and find information needed on his own.
D. We have similar product now which has the knowledge of Einstein, Nixon and Spears.
小题4:Which of the following is the best title for the passage?| A．A New Web Child | B．Smarter Child | | C．The Future of Internet | D．Intelligence Development |
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答案
小题1:C
小题1:D
小题1:B
小题1:B |
解析
小题1:根据For the weather, he visits www. intellicast. com.描述，可知选C，一个进行天气预报的地方。
小题1:根据he lacks common sense—a basic grounding of knowledge that is obvious to any young child.描述，可知它缺乏尝试性的东西，故不能学会如何区分正确的行为和错误的行为，故选D。
小题1:根据However if Smarter Child wants to think and learn on his own like the boy-computer David in the movie A. I., Artificial Intelligence,描述，可知A. I.人工智能很可能是一部关于儿童电脑的电影，故选B。
小题1:通过阅读短文可知这篇短文主要描述了一种美国开发的一种名叫SMARTER CHILD 的电脑程序，故选B。 |
举一反三
Have you ever complained why life is so tiring? Does the sky sometimes seem dark to you? Are your studies sometimes not successful? Well, friends, cheer up and smile all the time. If you see the world with your warm heart, you’ll find that the whole world smiles to you.
While in school, sometimes you are tired of your lessons, but have you ever noticed the happy smile on your teacher’s face when you did a good job?
One day it is fine. Just before you go out, it suddenly starts to rain. Maybe you would feel very sad and start to complain about the weather. But friends, why don’t you sit down and listen to the free concerts that the nature offers you? And with the timely(及时地) rain, crops in the fields will grow better and better and farmers will have a good harvest.
Although everyone wants to succeed in what he tries to do, sometimes failure can’t be avoided. I think failure is not terrible, and the terrible thing is that we are afraid of it and give up hope. When we face failure, we must be confident(信心) in ourselves, draw a useful lesson from it and try our best to finish what we have decided to do. As a popular saying goes, “Failure is the mother of success”.
Attitude(态度) decides everything. With an optimistic(乐观) attitude life is easy and pleasant. Let’s smile to whatever we meet and the whole world will smile to us.
小题1: People sometimes complain _________.| A．the sky is always dark | B．their studies are successful | | C．they see the world with their heart | D．life is tiring |
小题2:When we face failure, we ___________.| A．must be confident in ourselves | B．shouldn’t be afraid of it | | C．shouldn’t give up hope | D．All of the above |
小题3:The best title for the passage is_______.| A．Smile and the World Smiles to You | B．Complaining about Life | | C．Failure is the Mother of Success | D．It is Very Hard to Succeed |
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Competition between international universities is heating up, as China grows as one of the largest exporters of students aiming to study abroad. “Lots of universities are becoming more and more aggressive to attract Chinese students. Every day I receive contacts from universities in the US expressing the desire to come to China to recruit students,” said Frank Joseph, a commercial officer from embassy of the United States.
One key reason why more Chinese students are able to study abroad is the economy: With China’s boom within the past decade, more families have the financial wherewithal (资金) to send their children to international universities. There will be a total of 200,000 family-funded Chinese students studying overseas in 2011, up 20 percent from last year, said Wu Zaofeng, deputy secretary general of China Education Association for International Exchange.
International institutions, Joseph said, are also facing increasingly tough financial situation with a shortage of domestic students and a drop in government subsidies (补贴). Students, especially in the US are paying high tuition fees and living expenses. Chinese students with money to spend, according to experts, can fill up the gap. Students on average spend 150,000 yuan to 200,000 yuan every year studying in US, according to statistics from the US Institute of International Education. During 2009-2010, there were approximately 81,000 Chinese students studying in the US, up 19.8 percent from 2008.
Representatives from approximately 60 universities from the United States are planning to arrive in Beijing this weekend to attract more Chinese students at this year’s fair. Besides the US, many other countries are also vying (竞争) to enroll Chinese students.
Post-study work visa put out by British government allows all international students completing a UK degree qualification to apply for a visa to stay on and look for work in UK for up to 2 years. Being the third most popular destination for international students next to the US and the UK, France has set up two types of scholarships and has handed out an increase of 26 percent in scholarship funds to Chinese students in recent years.
小题1:The reason for heating up competition between international universities is __________.| A．that China has become one of the largest exporters of the students aiming to study abroad | | B．China’s boom, the students’ desire and foreign universities’ commercial motive | | C．that the students in China are becoming richer and richer | | D．that the students in foreign countries do not want to go to universities |
小题2: Why are more Chinese students able to study abroad?| A．Because their families have enough money to send them to international universities. | | B．Because they can’t go to the best universities at home. | | C．Because they want to win the scholarship of foreign universities | | D．Because the Chinese students enjoy following others and they want to be independent. |
小题3:Which of the following statements is TRUE?| A．In 2011 there will be 200,000 Chinese students studying in the US. | | B．Chinese students are able to study abroad for their relatives overseas. | | C．In 2011 there will be 200,000 state-funded Chinese students studying overseas. | | D．There are fewer family-funded Chinese students studying abroad in 2010 than in 2011. |
小题4: From the passage we can learn that __________.| A．the number of foreign students is becoming smaller and smaller | | B．the international universities are short of money | | C．there were approximately 81,000 foreign students studying in the US during 2009-2010 | | D．the Chinese students spend more money than the American students |
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Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly, The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms.
Certain microorganisms (微生物) cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release (释放) poisons that make people sick.
Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processed, or prepaid. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops.
Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms.
When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people should never touch food with dirty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces. Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from growing. Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. Finally, people should not eat raid mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild. Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans. In addition, some types of fish can be poisonous.
Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water. If people eat natural poisons, they must go to the hospital right away to have their stomachs emptied.
小题1:Which of the following statements is NOT true?| A．Food when poisoned can make people sick. | | B．Food poisoning means death. | | C．Food poisoning comes in varieties. | | D．Food poisoning can be serious. |
小题2: We know from the passage that the symptoms of food poisoning .| A．are always accompanied by a fever | | B．are too common to be noted | | C．can be noticed within hours | | D．can be ignored |
小题3:Food poisoning can be caused by all the following EXCEPT .| A．some chemicals | B．low temperatures | | C．some tiny living things | D．certain natural materials |
小题4:It can be inferred from the passage that| A．natural materials are safe in food processing | | B．chemicals are needed in food processing | | C．food poisoning can be kept under control | | D．food poisoning is out of control |
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After years of hearing drivers complain about scratches (划痕) on their cars, Japan’s Nissan Motor Company has officially announced the next big thing--a paint that not only resists scratches and scrapes, but actually repairs itself within a few days.
The new material, developed by Nippon Paint Company, contains an elastic rubbery-like resin (弹性树脂) that is able to heal minor (较小的) marks caused by car wash equipment, parking lot encounters, road debris (石头碎片) or even on-purpose destruction.
The automaker admits its results vary depending on the temperature and the depth of the damage, but adds “this is the only paint like it in the world, and tests prove it works.”
Minor scratches, the most common type, are said to slowly fade over about a week. And once they’re gone, there is no trace (痕迹) that they were ever there.
The special paint is said to last for at least three years after it is first applied, but there is no word yet on whether more can be added after that period.
Nissan claims car washes are the worst offenders for this type of damage, accounting for at least 80 percent of all incidents.
But the complete auto-healing won’t come without scratching your wallet. The vehicle maker notes the special paint adds about $ 100 US to the price of a car.
It plans to use its new chemical mixture only on its X-Trail SUVs in Japan for now, as it looks for a more widespread presentation. And while plans to offer the feature overseas haven’t been made yet, if it’s a hit there, you can be almost sure market forces will drive it to these shores as well.
小题1: From the article, we can find that_______.| A．the paint has already been used on cars by now | | B．the paint beats other products of its kind in its lengthy effect | | C．car damage is mainly caused by scratches and scrapes | | D．marketing this paint in Europe is not under way |
小题2:The paint used on cars can_________.| A．last 3 years before it is re-applied again | | B．fade only in a few days | | C．help cars recover from minor paint damage | | D．reduce car scrape incidents to 20 percent |
小题3:What does the underlined part refer to?| A．Certain models of Nissan. | B．Name for one kind of paint. | | C．Somewhere in Japan. | D．A word standing for a car-dealer store. |
小题4: What can be inferred from the article?| A．The paint was developed by Nissan Motor Company. | | B．The paint might work better in summer than in winter. | | C．The mark on the car could disappear as soon as the paint is applied. | | D．The paint is very popular in Japan. |
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No one knows for certain why people dream, but some dreams misht be connected to the mental processes that help us learn. In a recent study, scientists found a connection between nap-time (午睡时间) dreams and better memory in people who were learning a new skill.
“I was astonished by this finding,” Robert Stickgold told Science News. He is a cognitive neuroscientist at Harvard Medical School who worked on the study of-how the brain and nervous system work, and cognitive studies look at how people learn and reason. So a cognitive neuroscientist may study the brain processes that help people learn.
In the study, 99 college students between the ages of 18 and 30 each spent an hour on a computer, trying to get through a virtual maze (虚拟迷宫). The maze was difficult, and the study participants had to start in a different place each time they tried - making it even more difficult. They were also told to find a particular picture of a tree and remember where it was.
For the first 90 minutes of a five-hour break, half of the particularity stayed awake and half were told to take a short nap. Participants who stayed awake were asked to describe their thoughts. Participants who took a nap were asked about their dreams before sleep and after steep - and they were awakened within a minute of sleep to describe their dreams.
About a dozen of the 50 people who slept said their dreams were connected to the maze. Some dreamed about the music that had been playing when they were working; others said they dreamed about seeing people in the maze. When these people tried the computer maze again, they were generally able to find the tree faster than before their naps. However, people who had other dreams, or people who didn’t take a nap, didn’t show the same improvement.
Stickgold suggests the dream itself doesn’t help a person learn - it’s the other way around.
小题1:It is a cognitive scientists job to study__ .| A．how people dream and learn | | B．the structure of the nervous system | | C．whether someone is reasonable | | D．the process of understanding |
小题2:The purpose of the study attended by 99 college students is to .| A．find the hidden tree in the maze | | B．test the design of a difficult virtual maze | | C．train people’s memory | | D．see how dreams and learning are connected |
小题3:The better performance in working out the maze is connected with .| A．how people dream | B．what people dream | | C．when people dream | D．where people dream |
小题4:The writer will probably continue to talk about in the 6th paragraph.| A．how learning process caused the dream | | B．how a dream helps a person learn | | C．how dreams and learning influence each other | | D．how to improve people’s memory |
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