阅读下面短文，并根据短文后的要求答题（请注意问题后的字数要求）。[1]Global difference in intelligence is a sensit

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阅读下面短文，并根据短文后的要求答题（请注意问题后的字数要求）。
[1]Global difference in intelligence is a sensitive topic, long filled with a large number of different opinions. But recent data has indeed shown cognitive (认知的) ability to be higher in some countries than in others. What"s more, IQ scores have risen as nations develop—a phenomenon known as the "Flynn effect". Many causes have been put forward for both the intelligence difference and the Flynn effect, including education, income, and even non-agricultural labor. Now, a new study from researchers at the University of New Mexico offers another interesting theory: intelligence may be linked to infectious-disease rates.
　　[2]The brain, say author Christopher Eppig and his colleagues, is the "most costly organ in the human body". Brainpower consumes almost up to 90 percent of a newborn"s energy. It"s clear that if something affects energy intake while the brain is growing, the impact could be long and serious. And for vast parts of the globe, the biggest threat to a child"s body—and therefore brain—is parasitic (由寄生虫引起的) infection. These illnesses threaten brain development________________. They can directly attack live tissue, which the body must then try every means to replace. They can invade the digestive pipe and block nutritional intake. They can rob the body"s cells for their own reproduction. And then there"s the energy channeled (输送) to the immune system to fight the infection.
　　[3]Using data on national "disease burdens" (life years lost due to infectious diseases) and average intelligence scores, the authors found they are closely associated. The countries with the lowest average IQ scores have the highest disease burdens without exception. On the contrary, nations with low disease burdens top the IQ list.
　　[4]If the study holds water, it could be revolutionary for our understanding of the still-confusing variation in national intelligence scores.
小题1:What is the main idea of the text？(no more than 10 words)________________________
小题2:Complete the following statement with proper words.(no more than 4 words)
　　Those countries that have the ________________ are always at the bottom of the IQ list.
小题3:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(no more than 5 words)
___________
小题4:What can cause intelligence difference？(no more than 8 words)
　　________________________________________________________________________
小题5:What does the word "they" (Line 2, Paragraph 3) probably refer to？(no more than 8 words)
________________________________________________________________________

答案

小题1:Why do IQ scores vary by nation? / Why do IQ scores vary from nation to nation? / Different IQ between nations may result from infectious diseases.
小题1:highest disease burdens
小题1:in several ways
小题1:Education, income and non-agricultural labor.
小题1:National disease burdens and average intelligence scores.

解析

略

举一反三

Learning to play a musical instrument can change your brain, with a US review finding musical training can lead to improved speech and foreign language skills.
Although it was suggested in the past that listening to Mozart’s music or other classical music could make you smarter, there has been little evidence to show that music can boost(使增长) brain power.
But a data-driven review by Northwestern University has pulled reaserch together that links musical training to learning that spills over into (波及) skills including language, speech, memory, attention and even vocal emotion.
Researcher Nina Kraus said the data strongly suggested that the nervous connections made during musical training also prepared the brain for other aspects of human communication.
“ The effect of musical training suggests that, like physical exercise and its effect on body fitness, music is a resource that tones the brain for auditory fitness and thus requires society to re-examine the role of music in shaping individual development, ” the researchers said in their study.
Kraus said learning musical sounds could improve the brain’s ability to adapt and change and also enable the nervous system to provide constructing patterns that are important to learning.
The study, published in Nature Review Neuroscience , looked at the explosion of research in recent years focusing on the effect of musical training on the nervous system which could have impacts for education.
The study found that playing an instrument prepares the brain to choose what is related in a complex process that may involve reading or remembering a score, timing issues and coordination with other musicians.
小题1:What is the text mainly about ?

A．The effect of physical exercise.	B．The researcher named Kraus.
C．The benefit of musical training.	D．Musicians’ improved skills.

小题2:The underlined word “ auditory ” in Paragraph 5 probably means “ __________”.

A．of the body	B．connected with seeing
C．of the mind	D．connected with hearing

小题3:It was believed but not proved that listening to classical music could __________.

A．add to your intelligence	B．improve your speech
C．boost your memory	D．make you think faster

小题4:According to Kraus, musical training contributes to the following EXCEPT __________.

A．body fitness	B．the way to speak
C．langugage learning	D．mental concentration

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Hi! Have you ever suddenly felt that someone you knew was in trouble — and was he? Have you ever dreamed something that came true later? Maybe you have ESP (超感觉知觉).
　　ESP stands for Extrasensory Perception. It may be called a sixth sense. It seems to let people know about events before they happen, or events that are happening some distance away.
　　Here"s an example. A woman was ironing clothes. Suddenly she screamed, "My father is dead! I saw him sitting in the chair!" Just then, a telegram came. The woman"s father died of a heart attack. He died sitting in a chair.
　　There are thousands of stories like this one on record. Scientists are studying them to find out what"s behind these strange mental messages. Here

"s another example—one of hundreds of dreams that have come true.
　　A man dreamed he was walking along a road when a horse and carriage came by. The driver said, "There"s room for one more." The man felt the driver seemed dead, so he ran away. The next day, when the ma

n was getting on a crowded bus, the bus driver said, "There"s room for one more."
　　Then the man saw that the driver"s face was the same face he had seen in the dream. He wouldn"t get on the bus. As the bus drove off, it crashed and burst into flames. Everyone was killed!
　　Some people say stories like these are coincidences. Others, including some scientists, say that ESP is real. From studies of ESP, we may someday learn more about the human mind.
小题1:According to the passage, the author believes that the sixth sense is ________.

A．in existence

B．imaginative

C．not real

D．impossible

小题2:ESP lets people know _________.

A．about events before they happen　

B．about events after they happen

C．about events that are happening some distance away

D．A and C

小题3:By studying ESP, scientists may get to ________.

A．learn how people tell lies	B．know more about human dreams
C．know more about human mind	D．learn how strange things happen

小题4:In the last paragraph the underlined word "coincidences" probably means _______.

A．things that may not happen	B．things that happen in a dream
C．things that must happen	D．things that happen by accident

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A controversial new study has claimed that men really are more intelligent than women．The study concluded that men’s IQs are almost four points higher than women’s.
British-born researcher John Philippe Ruston says the finding could explain why so few women make it to the top in the workplace.
He claims the “glass ceiling” phenomenon is probably due to inferior intelligence，rather than lack of opportunity.
The University of Western Ontario psychologist reached his conclusion after scrutinizing the results of university ability tests taken by 1 00,000 students aged 17 and 18 of both sexes.
A focus on the factors such as the ability to quickly grasp a complex concept，verbal reasoning skills and creativity― some of the key factors of intelligence ―showed the male teenagers had IQs that were an average of 3.63 points higher. The average person has an IQ around 100.The findings，which held true for all classes and levels of education, overturn 100 year opinion that men and women average the same in general mental ability. They also conflict with evidence that girls do better in school exams than boys.
But Professor Ruston argues that the faster maturing of girls leads to them outshining boy in the classroom.
小题1: The report is mainly about ______.

A．a study that shows men are cleverer than women

B．the “glass ceiling” phenomenon

C．Professor Ruston’s theory on IQ

D．the difference between male and female

小题2: The underlined word “scrutinizing” in the fourth paragraph probably means ______.

A．making up

B．carrying out

C．examining carefully

D．looking at

小题3: We can infer that the average woman has an IQ of ______.

A．a little less than 100	B．100
C．more than 100	D．96.37

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根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
小题1:  The first, and perhaps the most important, is whether to bury the body or cremate(火化) it.
Cremation is the act of burning the body until only the ashes are left. The ashes are placed in a container called an urn(骨灰盒). The urn is often put on display during the memorial service.   小题2:  Or they may bury them in the earth, place them in a tomb or scatter them in a special place.
It is said that cremations were used in almost 35% of funerals in 2009.   小题3:  And the cremation rate is expected to increase to almost 59% by 2025.
While cremation has grown in popularity, most families in the United States still choose to bury their loved ones.
After death, the person’s body is usually embalmed (进行防腐处理) to preserve it until the funeral is held. A traditional full service funeral usually includes a public viewing. This is called a wake. The body is placed in a special burial box called a coffin.   小题4:  The service may include music and comments about the loved one by family members and friends. A religious leader may also talk about the person and offer spiritual comfort to the family. After the service, family members and friends go to the gravesite where the body is buried or placed in a tomb.
小题5:  A traditional full service funeral averages about 6,000 dollars. Flowers, funeral cars and special burial requests can increase the cost to more than 10,000 dollars. Cremations usually cost thousands of dollars less.

A．Then a memorial service is held.

B．This was an 11% increase from 1999.

C．American funerals can be quite costly.

D．American families are in deep sorrow when a loved one dies.

E.After the ceremony, the family may keep the ashes in their home.
F.American families have several decisions to make when a loved one dies.
G.More families choose cremations due to environmental protection, though they are more expensive.

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根据对话内容,从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。完成后请将答案写到二卷答题纸上。
The world’s first completely automatic（自动的）railway has been built under the busy streets of London. 1. _______________________________. The new Victoria Line was opened in 1969. This new line was very different from the others.
The stations on the other lines need a lot of workers to sell tickets, and to check and to collect them when people leave the trains. 2. ______________________________. Here a machine checks and collects the tickets, and there are no workers on the platforms at all. On the train, there is only one worker. 3. _____________________. But usually he just starts it; it runs and stops by itself. The trains are controlled by electrical signals which are sent by the so-called command spots. The command spots are the same distance apart. Each sends a certain signal. The train always moves at the speed that the command spots allow. If the command spot sends no signals, the train will stop. 4. _______________. The computers also fix the train speeds, and send the signals to the command spots.
5. ___________________________. Once train may stay too long at a station; the other trains will then automatically move slower.
A. If necessary, this man can drive the train.
B. The railway is called the Victoria Line, and it is part of the complete London underground railway.
C. The computer makes the decision about when to use a gas engine and when to go electric.
D. This is all different on the Victoria Line.
E. Most of the control work is done by computers.
F. Other machines make sure that the trains are always a safe distance apart.
小题1:______ 小题2: _______ 小题3:________ 小题4:________小题5:_______

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