Washoe is a young chimpanzee(黑猩猩). She is no ___1___ chimpanzee, though. Scienti
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Washoe is a young chimpanzee(黑猩猩). She is no ___1___ chimpanzee, though. Scientists are doing a research ___2___ her. They want to see how civilized(驯化) she can ___3___. Already she does many things a human being can do.
For example, she has been learning how to exchange ___4___ with people. The scientists are teaching her ___5___ language. When she wants to be picked ___6___, Washoe points up with one finger. She rubs her teeth with her finger ___7___ she wants to brush her teeth. This is done after every meal.
Washoe has also been ___8___ to think out and find answers to problems. Once she was put in a ___9___ with food hanging from the ceiling. It was too high to ___10___. After she considered the ___11___, she got a tall box to stand ___12___. The food was still too high to be reached. Washoe found a ___13___ pole. Then she climbed onto the ___14___, grasped the pole, and ___15___ down the food with the pole.
Washoe ___16___ like a human, too. The scientists keep her in a fully furnished(家具齐全的) house. After a hard ___17___ in the laboratory, she goes home. ___18___ she plays with her toys. She ___19___ enjoys watching television before going to bed.
Scientists hope to ___20___ more about people by studying our closest relative(亲属) — chimpanzee.
1. A. foolish B. ordinary C. special D. simple
2. A. for B. by C. to D. on
3. A. experience B. change C. develop D. become
4. A. actions B. views C. messages D. feelings
5. A. sign B. human C. spoken D. foreign
6. A. out B. at C. on D. up
7. A. when B. until C. since D. while
8. A. raised B. trained C. ordered D. led
9. A. cave B. zoo C. room D. museum
10. A. pull B. see C. eat D. reach
11. A. problem B. position C. food D. ceiling
12. A. by B. on C. up D. with
13. A. straight B. strong C. long D. big
14. A. wall B. box C. ceiling D. pole
15. A. knocked B. picked C. took D. shocked
16. A. lives B. acts C. thinks D. plays
17. A. task B. lesson C. day D. time
18. A. Here B. There C. So D. Then
19. A. quite B. already C. even D. still
20. A. observe B. discover C. gain D. learn |
答案
1---20 BDDCA DABCD ABCBA ACBCD |
解析
科学家通过实验测试黑猩猩所能驯化的程度。
1. B。句中的 though 是副词，意为“可是”，根据下文描述的实验情况可知“这只黑猩猩不是一只 ordinary(普通的)黑猩猩”。
2. D。do a research on 意为“对…进行研究”。
3. D。四个选项中只有 become 是连系动词，其后接形容词 civilized 作表语。
4. C。下文说到：当黑猩猩想要被抱起时，她将手指向上指；当她想要刷牙时，则用手指刮牙齿。这说明她与人们交换的是“信息”，即 message。
5. A。根据下文：当黑猩猩想要被抱起时，她将手指向上指；当她想要刷牙时，她则用手指刮牙齿。这说明黑猩猩用的是“手势语”，即 sign language。
6. D。pick up 有很多意思，如表示：拿起，捡起；收拾，整理；学会；(用车)来接，去取；改进，改善；重新开始，继续；感染(疾病、坏习惯)等。它在本句中的意思是“抱起”。
7. A。根据上一句的结构可推知。
8. B。根据下文的语境可推知。
9. C。注意本句后面的信息词 ceiling(天花板)。根据常识，四个选项中只有 C 才具备有 ceiling。
10.D。根据后面的 The food was still too high to be reached 可推知答案。
11. A。根据上文的 ... to think out and find answers to problems 可知此处应填 problems。
12. B。黑猩猩弄来盒子是为了增加高度，所以她应站在箱子之上，即填介词 on。
13. C。站在箱子上，高度仍不够，故又弄来一根 pole(竿)。根据常识，在此情况下，这 pole 的特征应是 long。
14. B。根据上文可知。
15. A。根据常识和语境，黑猩猩此时应是用竿 knock 食物。
16. A。从本段后面内容可知，这只黑猩猩是像人一样在“生活”(live)。
17. C。根据下文语境用排除法可推知答案。
18. B。根据上文可知这里的 there 指“在家里”。
19. C。对于黑猩猩来说，enjoys watching television before going to bed 显然比 play with toys 更不常见，故用even(甚至)强调后者。
20. D。learn 的意思是“了解”，即指通过研究黑猩猩来“了解”人类自己。 |
举一反三
The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. ___36___ springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly in the ___37___ areas like the desert. The control is possible even without possession of large areas of ___38___ land. In the early days of the American West, gun fights were not ___39___ for the water resources (资源). And laws had to be ___40___ to protect the water rights of the ___41___ and the use of the water resources accordingly.
42___ is known to us all, there is not ___43___ water in all places for everyone to use as much as he likes. Deciding on the ___44___ of water that will be used in any particular period
45___ careful planning, so that people can manage and use water more ___46___. Farmers have to change their use of or demand for water ___47___ the water supply forecast (预报).
The ___48___ water supply forecast is based more on the water from the ___49___ than from the below. Interest is ___50___ in the ways to increase rainfall by man-made methods, and to get water from the winter snow on mountain ___51___. With special equipment, some scientists are studying the ways in which the mountain snow can be ___52___, and with the help of a repeater station, they send the ___53___ data (数据) to the base station. The operator at the base station can get the data at any time by ___54___ a button. In the near future, the forecast and use of water ___55___ probably depend on the advance knowledge of snow on mountains, not of water underground.
36. A. Using B. Holding C. Owning D. Finding
37. A. dry B. distant C. deserted D. wild
38. A. fine B. beautiful C. rich D. farming
39. A. unlawful B. unacceptable C. unpopular D. uncommon
40. A. made B. designed C. signed D. written
41. A. winners B. settlers C. fighters D. supporters
42. A. That B. It C. What D. As
43. A. plentiful B. enough C. any D. much
44. A. type B. quality C. amount D. level
45. A. requests B. requires C. means D. suggests
46. A. effectively B. easily C. conveniently D. actively
47. A. leading to B. due to C. owing to D. according to
48. A. correct B. further C. average D. early
49. A. clouds B. sky C. air D. above
50. A. raising B. rising C. building D. lasting
51. A. rocks B. tips C. cops D. trees
52. A. taken care of B. made use of C. piled up D. saved up
53. A. picked B. produced C. used D. gathered
54. A. touching B. knocking C. pressing D. turning
55. A. might B. can C. will D. should |
Dear Laura,
I just heard you tell an old story of gift giving and unselfish love in your program. You doubted that such unselfish love would happen in today’s world. Well, I’m here to give you ___36___.
I wanted to do something very ___37___ for my fifteen-year-old son, who has always been the perfect child. He ___38___ all summer to earn enough money to buy a used motorcycle. Then, he spent hours and hours on it ___39___ it looked almost new. I was so ___40___ of him that I bought him the shiniest helmet and a riding outfit.
I could ___41___ wait for him to open up his gift. In fact, I barely slept the night before. Upon a wakening, I went to the kitchen to ___42___ the coffee, tea, and morning goodies. In the living room was a beautiful keyboard with a ___43___:” To my wonderful mother, all my love, your son.”
I was so ___44___. It had been a long-standing joke in our family that I wanted a piano so that I could ___45___ lessons. “Learn to play the piano, and I’ll get you one” was my husband’s ___46___.
I stood there shocked, crying a river, asking myself how my son could ___47___ this expensive gift.
Of course, the ___48___ awoke, and my son was thrilled(激动的)with my reaction. Many kisses were ___49___, and I immediately wanted him to ___50___ my gift.
As he saw the helmet and outfit, the look on his face was not ___51___ what I was expecting. Then I ___52___ that he has sold the motorcycle to get me the keyboard.
Of course I was the proudest mother ___53___ on that day, and my feet never hit the ground for a month.
So I wanted you to know, that kind of love still ___54___ and lives even in the ever-changing world of me, me, me!
I thought you’d love to ___55___ this story.
Yours,
Hilary
P.S. The next day, my husband and I bought him a new “used” already shiny motorcycle.
36. A. hope B. advice C. support D. courage
37. A. polite B. similar C. special D. private
38. A. played B. studied C. traveled D. worked
39. A. after B. before C. unless D. until
40. A. sure B. fond C. proud D. confident
41. A. perhaps B. really C. almost D. hardly
42. A. start B. cook C. set D. serve
43. A. note B. notice C. word D. sign
44. A. disturbed B. confused C. astonished D. inspired
45. A. give B. take C. draw D. teach
46. A. reason B. request C. comment D. response
47. A. present B. afford C. find D. order
48. A. neighbor B. building C. home D. house
49. A. exchanged B. experienced C. expected D. exhibited
50. A. tear B. open C. check D. receive
51. A. purely B. basically C. obviously D. exactly
52. A. realized B. remembered C. imagined D. supposed
53. A. only B. still C. ever D. even
54. A. works B. exists C. matters D. counts
55. A. send B. publish C. share D. write |
Many children first learn the value of money by receiving an allowance. The purpose is to let children learn from experience at an age when financial mistakes are not very costly. The amount of money that parents give to their children to spend as they wish differs from family to family. Timing is another consideration. Some children get a weekly allowance. Others get a monthly allowance. In any case, parents should make clear what, if anything, the child is expected to pay for with the money.
At first, young children may spend all of their allowance soon after they receive it. If they do this, they will learn the hard way that spending must be done within a budget. Parents are usually advised not to offer more money until the next allowance. The object is to show young people that a budget demands choices between spending and saving. Older children may be responsible enough to save money for larger costs, like clothing or electronics.
Many people think it is not a good idea to pay your child for work around the home. These jobs are a normal part of family life. Paying children to do extra work around the house, however, can be useful. It can even provide an understanding of how a business works.
Allowances give children a chance to experience the three things they can do with money. They can share it in the form of gifts or giving to a good cause. They can spend it by buying things they want. Or they can save it. Saving helps children understand that costly goals require sacrifice: you have to cut costs and plan for the future.
Requiring children to save part of their allowance can also open the door to future saving. A saving account is an excellent way to learn about the power of compound interest. Compounding works by paying interest on interest. So, for example, one dollar invested at two percent interest for two years will earn two cents in the first year. The second year, the money will earn two percent of one dollar and two cents, and so on. That may not seem like a lot. But over time it adds up.
14. Many parents give children an allowance regularly to ______.
A. meet children’s basic need for life B. give control over their children
C. see whether they have financial mistakes D. help children learn how to manage money
15. For Children who receive allowances, they’d better not ________.
A. waste money to buy gifts for their parents or friends
B. buy their favorite clothing or electronics for themselves
C. save money like their parents or other adults
D. ask for the next allowance before the decided date.
16. If children are required to save their allowance, they ______.
A. can experience the three things related to money
B. can understand the relation between goals and sacrifice
C. will do more work around the house
D. help themselves found the basis for their future life
17. What does the underlined phrase “compound interest” mean?
A. The interest based on the original money and unpaid interest.
B. A way of helping children earn two percent interest.
C. The interest intended for children to earn money.
D. A saving account opened for children’s allowance.
18. What would be the best title for the text?
A. How to Give Children an Allowance
B. Spend Your Allowance within a Budget
C. Allowance Helps Children Learn about Money
D. Doing Housework Earns Children Allowance |
Pushy parents and teachers who “hothouse” the under-5s risk causing damage to the children’s long term development, a leading education expert said.
Lilian Katz, Professor of Education at the University of Illinois, said that four-year-olds engaged in reading and writing went on to perform worse academiclly than those engaged in imaginative learning. They scored higher in tests at the age of 5, but children whose first year at school was stimulating outstripped them four years later.
The findings suggest that the government"s structured approach to early years" learning could be storing up problems for children. They also raise serious questions about the plan for all children to be able to read by the age of 6.
In many countries formal teaching does not start until children are 6 or 7 and have improved their social and manual skills. Children start learning to read and write at 6 in the United States. France and Germany , and at 7 in Finland and Sweden.
Professor Katz said that in many schools the courses were "boring children to tears". Much academic teaching required children to learn by memorizing pieces of information out of context, she said. Teaching in reception class should instead allow children to develop their intellect by exploring their environments and asking questions.
"Research suggests the benefits of formal academic insturction for four- and five-year-olds seem to be promising when they are tested early, but considerably less so in the long term. When these children are followed over a period of three or more years, those who had early experience in more intellectually engaging curricula were more likely to do well in school than their peers, who had received early academic instruction." She avocates teaching children through first-hand experience and play, in mixed-aged classes. This can include puppet shows, drawing or running a pretend shop in the classroom.
1．According to the passage, those who “hothouse” the under-5s would probably _________.
A. prefer a lot of interaction and stimulation while teaching
B. teach in a lively way to motivate kids’ interest
C. push the kids to memorize pieces of information
D. care about the kids’ physical development
2．What does the underlined word “ outstripped” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. did better than B. looked down upon
C. caught up with D. performed worse than
3．According to Lilian Katz, the government’s structured approach to early-years learning ______.
A. is necessary for improving children’s reading and writing ability
B. needs to be improved to develop children’s academicability
C. will cause problems to children in their future learning
D. has more advantages than disadvantages
4．The message the author wants to deliver through the passage is that formal teaching _______.
A. can start at different times in different countries.
B. should not be started too early
C. is best carried out in Finland and Sweden
D. should include teaching children social and manual skills
5．Which of the following is NOT the opinion of Lilian Katz?
A. Children should be taught through first-hand experience.
B. Learning in a mixed-age class is good for children.
C. Running a shop can help children get good marks.
D. Puppet shows and drawing are useful easy in teaching children. |
While parents, particularly mothers, have always been attached to their infants (婴儿), societal conditions frequently made this attachment difficult to maintain (保持). First of all, the high infant death rate in the premodern times meant that such attachments often ended in hopelessness. Perhaps to prevent the sadness that infant death caused, a number of societal practices developed which worked against early attachment of mother and child.
One of these premodern attachment-discouraging practices was to leave infants unnamed until they had survived into the second year. Another practice that discouraged maternal (母亲的) attachment was tightly wrapping (包裹) infants. Wrapping effectively prevented the close physical interactions like stroking (抚摸) and kissing that are so much a part of modern mothers" and fathers" affection for their infants.
A third practice which had the same distancing effect was wet-nursing. Breast-feeding (母乳哺育) was not popular among the well-to-do in the early modern times; infants were often fed by wet nurses hired for the purpose. In some places, such as nineteenth-century France, city infants were sent to wet nurses in the country. Often a wet nurse would feed her own child first, leaving little milk for the city infant—who, in many cases, died. In Rouen, the death rate for children sent to a wet nurse was 35 percent.
68. Babies were unnamed until they were two so that _______.
A. an old social custom could be kept up B. maternal attachment could be maintained
C. they could have better chances to survive D. their parents would not be too sad if they died
69. Why were babies wrapped?
A. To protect them from the cold. B. To distance their mothers from them.
C. To make them feel more comfortable. D. To make it easy for their mothers to hold them.
70. Wet nurses were women who________.
A. babysat city infants B. fed babies of other families
C. sent their babies to the country D. failed to look after their babies
71. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Societal Conditions in Premodern Times
B. Practices of Reducing Maternal Attachment
C. Poor Health Service and High Infant Death Rate
D. Differences between Modem and Premodern Parents |
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