阅读理解。 We can achieve knowledge either actively or passivelr(被动地). We achieve - 高中英语试题 - 超级试练试题库

阅读理解。     We can achieve knowledge either actively or passivelr(被动地). We achieve it actively by
direct experience,by testing and piroving an idea,or by reasoning.
    We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someoneelse. Most of the learning that
takes place in the classroom and thekind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers
ormagazines is passive. Conditioned as we are to passive leaning,it"snot surprising that we
depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers.
    Unfortunately,passive learning has a serious problem. It makes us tend to accept what we
are told even when it is little more than hear say and rumor(谣言).
    Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one personwrites down a message but
doesn" t show it to anyone. Then the person whispers it,word for word, to another person.That
person,inturn,whispers it to still another, and so on, through all the peopleplaying the game. The
last person writes down the message word forword as he or she hears it. Then the two written
statements arec ompared. Typically, the original message has changed.
    That" s what happens in daily life. The simple fact that peoplerepeat a story in their own words
changes the story.Then,too,most people listen imperfectly. And many enjoy adding their own
creativetouch to a story,trying to improve on it,stamping(打上标记)it with their own personal
style. Yet those who hear it think they know.
    This process is also found among scholars and authors:Astatement of opinion by one writer
may be re-stated as fact by another,who may in turn be quoted by yet another；and this process
may continue,unless it occurs to someone to question the facts onwhich the origihal writer based
his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.1. According to the passage,passive learning may occur in______. A. doing a medical experiment
B. solving a math problem
C.visiting an exhibition
D.doing scientific reasoning2. The underlined word"it"in Paragraph 2 refers to________.A.active learning
B. knowledge
C. communication
D. passive learning3. The author mentions the game Rumor to show that_________.A. a message may be changed when being passed on
B. a message should be delivered in different ways
C. people may have problems with their sense of hearing
D. people tend not to believe in what they know as rumor4. What can we infer from the passage?A. Active learning is less important.
B. Passive learning may not be reliable.
C. Active learning occurs more frequently.
D. Passive learning is not found among scholars.

1-4CDAB

阅读理解。

     A new study has found no evidence that sunscreen, commonly used to reduce the
risk of skin cancer, actually increases the risk.
     Researchers from the Umversity of Iowa based their findings on a revicw of 18 earlier
studies that looked at the association between sunscreen use and melanoma(黑素瘤 ).
They said that they found flaws in studies that had reported associations between sunscreen
use and higher risk of melanoma.
     Most health experts believe that by protecting the skin from the harmful effects of
the sun, sunscreen helps prevent skin cancer, which is increasing in incidence (发生率)
faster than any other cancer in the United States.
     But questions have been raised about sunscreen and whether it may have the opposite
effect, perhaps by allowing people to remain exposed to the sun longer without burning.
     The researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they
often failed to take into account that those people most at risk for skin cancer-people
with fair skin and freckles(雀斑) ,for example-are more likely to use sunscreen. As a
result , it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often.
     The studies , which generally relied on volunteers to recall their sunscreen use,were
also unable to prove how well the products had been applied , Said the new study.

1. Theunderlinedword" flaws "inthe2ndparagraphmost probably means ________.A. evidences
B. facts
C. faults
D. failures2. People with fair skin and freckles ________.A. seldom use sunscreen
B. are more in danger of skin cancer
C. can be free from the harm of the sun
D. often expose themselves to the sun3. We can learn from the passage that _______.A. sunscreen users get skin cancer more often
B. the volunteers have proved the effect of sunscreen
C. the new study was based on the experiences of volunteers
D. the number of skin cancer patients is increasing in America4. Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?A. Sunscreen to Prevent Skin Cancer
B. Sunscreen to Increase Skin Cancer
C. Skin Cancer Caused by Sunscreen
D. Skin Cancer Caused by Freckles

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认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词.
注意:每个空格只填1个单词.     People who enjoy a dream-filled sleep are better at recalling information and making links between facts when waking. But recharging with a shallow (小睡) offers no such mental improvement, the research
suggests. The results of the study added to the growing body of evidence that Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep is very important to the brain"s ability to form strong memories.
     An average night"s rest includes four or five spells of REM sleep, but these bursts tend to be lengthier towards the end of the night. This means adults getting less than the recommended seven to eight hours a night -- and therefore inadequate REM sleep -- may be damaging their mind"s ability to memorize: Although REM sleep is not classified as a type of deep sleep, it is only reached after the brain has passed through deep
sleep stages.
     In the recent study, participants were shown groups of three words and asked to find another word that can be associated with all three words. They were tested once in the morning and then given the same task
again in the afternoon. In between, some were allowed a nap with REM sleep, some a nap without REM
sleep, while the others had a quiet rest period. The quiet rest and non-REM sleep groups didn"t improve, but the REM sleep group improved on their morning performance by an average of almost 40 per cent. Dr Sara Mednick, a sleep researcher at the University of California who led the study, believes the formation of
connections between previously unassociated information in the brain occurs during REM sleep.
     It is believed that sleep acts as a sort of mental filing system, enabling the brain to sort relevant
information from useless information. This process may take place as memories are removed hem one art of the brain to others.

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Title	REM Sleep (1) ______ Memory
The result of the study	Rapid Eye Movement sleep is of great importance to the brain"s ability to (2) ______ memories.
The (3) ____ of the study	◆ (4) ______ were required to think of another word associated with all three words. ◆The same task was given to participants (5) ______ a day. ◆ The quiet rest and non-REM sleep groups showed no (6) ______. ◆ The REM sleep group (7) ______ well by an average of almost 40 per cent.
Dr Sara Mednick"s (8)_____	Connections between previous unassociated information in the brain are (9) ______ during REM sleep
Conclusion	Sleep acts as a sort of mental filing system, enabling the brain to abandon useless information and keep the (10) ______ information.
阅读理解
A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Michigan " s Center for Human Growth and Development shows that children aged 9 t0 12 who sleep less than nine hours a night can have real problems with gaining weight. Dr.Julie Lumeng, lead author of the report said, " Many children aren"t getting enough sleep , which may not only make them annoyed or prevent them from being active and ready to learn at school,but also lead to a higher risk of being overweight. " Reuters reports. She also said that children who sleep more than 10 hours a night are more willing to play and consume their energy , rather than staying in bed or watching TV as their tired fellows do. It is also said that hormonal(荷尔蒙) changes brought on by a lack of sleep can lead to an increased appetite. The study focused on 785 children aged 9 to 12 from 10 different states and it confirmed that 18% were overweight by the time they reached the sixth grade. Children who do not sleep nine or more hours a night when they are in the third grade are more likely to gain weight by the time they are in the sixth grade. The conclusion of the study is very simple : "Our findings also provide additional support for policies that approve of later school start times. The very early school start times for US children have raised concerns in the medical community because of their apparent negative effects on sleep duration(廷续性) and , consequently, children"s general academic and behavioral functioning , " Reuters reports. According to National Sleep Foundation, children in first grade should sleep from 10 to 12 hours a night. Dr. Julie Lumeng" s report was published in the journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics (小儿辩 ) in November.
1. According to Dr. Julie Lumeng, if children lack sleep, they _____.
A. fall asleep during the lecture B. become unhappy and inactive C. are ready to leam their lessons D. are active in doing school work
2. Children who get enough sleep seem more active because_____.
A. they experience a pleasant time B. they are better at playing sports C. they have enough energy to use D. their personalities are more outgoing
3. What does the author want to argue in Paragraph 5?
A. Students in the third grade are more likely to gain weight. B. A lack of sleep is associated with weight gain. C. Less than one fifth of children are overweight. D. The longer they sleep , the heavier they become.
4. Why has medical community showed concerns about US children ?
A. Because US children traditionally get up very late. B. Because many students complain of too long school hours. C. Because later school start times may affect children physically. D. Because a lack of sleep creates harmful effects on children.
5. What is the best title for the text?
A. Lack of Sleep Leads to Childhood Overweight B. A Recent Study on Health Problem C. A Danger to Children"s Health D. Sleep Time and Overweight
阅读理解
Do you want to live another 100 years or more? Some experts say that scientific advances will one day enable humans to last tens of years beyond what is now seen as the natural limit of the human life span. "I think we are knocking at the door of immortality(永生) , " said Michael Zey, a Montclair State University business professor and author of two books on the future. "I think by 2075 we will see it and that"s a conservative estimate(保守的估计)." At the conference in San Francisco, Donald Louria, a professor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark said advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology(纳米技术) make it likely that humans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past. "There is a great push so that people can live from 120 to 180 years," he said. "Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live to 200 or 300 or 500 years. However,many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last past about 120 years. Even with healthier lifestyles and less disease,they say the failure of the brain and organs will finally lead all humans to death. Scientists also differ on what kind of life the super aged might live. "lt remains to be seen if you pass 120 ,you know; could you be healthy enough to have good quality of life?" said Leonard Poon, director of the University of Georgia Gerontology Centre. "At present people who could get to that point are not in good health at all. "
1. By saying " we are knocking at the door of immortality" , Michael Zey means ___________.
A. they believe that there is no limit of living B. they are sure to find the truth about long living C. they have got some ideas about living forever D. they are able to make people live past the present life span
2. Donald Louria"s attitude towards long living is that_______.
A .people can live from 120 to 180 B. it is still doubtful how long humans can live C. the human body is designed to last past about 120 years D. it is possible for humans to live longer in the future
3. The underlined word in"it"( in Paragraph 4)refers to_______.
A a great push B. the idea of living beyond the present life span C. the idea of living from 200 to 300 years D. the conservative estimate
4. What would be the best title for this text?
A. Living Longer or Not B. Science , Technology and Long Living C. No Limit for Human Life D. Healthy Lifestyle and Long Living
阅读理解
A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year and the temperature rarely dipping below 16℃. Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate. Without the forest cover, these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere, warming the rest of the world. Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns, potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world. In the past hundred years, humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources (资源):land forcrops, wood for paper and other products ,land for raising farm animals. This action affects the environment as a whole. For example, a lot of carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) in the air comes from burning the rainforests. People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit. There are two main reasons for this. Firstly, when people cut down trees , generally they can only use the land for a year or two. Secondly, cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now,but in the long run it actually reduces the world"s wood supply. Rainforests are often called the world"s drug store. More than 25% of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests. However, fewer than l% of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value. It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world"s shrinking rainforests.
1. Rainforests can help to adjust the climate because they_________.
A.reflect more heat into the atmosphere B. bring about high rainfall throughout the world C. rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than 16℃ D. reduce the effect of heat from the sun on the earth
2. What does the word "this" underlined in the third paragraph refer to?
A. We will lose much more than we can gain. B. Humans have begun destroying rainforests. C. People have a strong desire for resources. D. Much carbon dioxide comes from buming rainforests.
3. It can be inferred from the text that____________.
A. we can get enough resources without rainforests B. there is great medicine potential in rainforests C. we will grow fewer kinds of crops in the gained land D. the level of annual rainfall affects wind patterns
4. What might be the best title for the text?
A. How to Save Rainforests B. How to Protect Nature C. Rainforests and the Environment D. Rainforests and Medical Development