阅读理解。 Scientists have created a way to control a robot with signals from a h
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| 阅读理解。 |
Scientists have created a way to control a robot with signals from a human brain.
By generating the proper brainwaves-picked up by a cap with electrodes(电极)that
sense the signals and reflect a person"s instructions-scientists can instruct a humanoid
robot to move to specific locations and pick up certain objects.
The commands are limited to moving forward, picking up one of two objects and
bringing it to one of two locations.The researchers have achieved 94 percent accuracy
between the thought commands and the robot"s movements.
"This is really a proofofconcept demonstration,"said Rajesh Rao,a researcher from
the University of Washington who leads the project."It suggests that one day we might
be able to use semiautonomous robots for such jobs as helping disabled people or
performing routine tasks in a person"s home."
The person wearing the electrode cap watches the robot"s movement on a computer
screen through two cameras installed on and above the robot.
When the robot"s cameras see the objects that are to be picked up they pass on the
information to the user"s computer screen.Each object lights up randomly on the computer
screen.When a person wants something to be picked up and it happens to light up,the brain
registers surprise and sends this brain activity to the computer and then to the robot as the
choice object.The robot then proceeds to pick up the object.
A similar program is used to decide where the robot will go.
"One of the important things about this demonstration is that we"re using a "noisy" brain
signal to control the robot,"Rao said."That means we can only obtain brain signals indirectly
from sensors on the surface of the head,and not where they are generated deep in the brain.
As a result,the user can only generate highlevel commands such as indication which object to
pick up or which location to go to,and the robot needs to be autonomous enough to be able
to execute such commands."
In the future,the researchers hope to make the robot more adaptive to the environment by
having them carry out more complex commands. |
| 1．What is special about the robot introduced in the passage? |
A．It is controlled by human thoughts.
B．It can be made humanoid.
C．It can be used to help the disabled.
D．It has high intelligence itself. |
| 2．Which of the following is TRUE about the robot? |
A．It can move forward and backward and pick up two objects at the same time.
B．It can move forward, pick up both objects and bring them to either location.
C．It can only move forward,pick up one object and put it in one location.
D．It can read all human thoughts and do as instructed. |
| 3．What Rao says in the eighth paragraph suggests that the new robot________. |
A．is still at its early stage of development
B．will be widely used in our daily routines soon
C．is autonomous enough to complete complex commands
D．is only limited to doing routine work at home |
| 4．The sixth paragraph mainly describes________. |
A．how the robot controls a person"s action
B．how the robot picks up the right object
C．how the person controls the robot
D．how the robot finds out where to go |
答案
| 1-4ACAB |
举一反三
| 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项. |
Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain Sharp
Everyone is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bit and
that can be a very annoying thing.__1__ Read on for some techniques worth trying.
1．__2__
People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percent
reduced chance of Alzheimer"s disease (早老性痴呆症), according to a recent study.__3__
Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do.There"s
evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or shortterm goals
appear to do better.In other words, keep your brain looking forward.
2．Go for a walk.
Mildly raised glucose (葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form
memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels.In fact, exercise
produces chemicals that are good for your brain.__4__
3．Learn something new.
Take a Spanish class online, join a drawing club, or learn to play cards.A study found that mental
stimulation (刺激) limits the weakening effects of aging on memory and the mind.But the best thing
for your brain is when you learn something new and are physically active at the same time.__5__
Or go dancing with your friends. |
A．Focus on the future.
B．This can be especially harmful to the aged.
C．It should be something like learning gardening.
D．So take a few minutes each day to do some reading.
E．But don"t worry if your schedule isn"t filled with lifechanging events.
F．Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments.
G．In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain. |
| 阅读理解。 |
Cloning is suggested as a means of bringing back a relative, usually a child, killed unfortunately.
Some parents can understand that wish, but it must first be recognized that the copy would be a
new baby and not the lost child. Here lies the_difficulty,_for the sad parents are seeking not a new
baby but a return of the dead one. Since the original would be fondly remembered as having particular
talents and interests, would not the parents expect the copy to be the same? It is possible, however,
that the copy would develop quite differently. Is it fair to the new child to be placed in a family with
such unnatural expectations?
Copying is also suggested as a means by which parents can have the child of their dreams. Couples
might choose to have a copy of a film star, baseball player or scientist, depending on their interests.
But because personality is only partly the result of genetic inheritance, conflicts would be sure to arise
if the cloned child failed to develop the same interests as the original. What if the copy of Einstein
shows no interest in science? Or the baseball player turns to acting? Success_also_depends_on_
fortune. What if the child does not live up to the hopes and dreams of their parents simply because
of bad luck?
Every child should be wanted for itself, as a person. In making a copy of oneself or some famous
person, a parent is purposely specifying the way he or she wishes that child to develop. In recent
years, particularly in the U．S., much importance has been placed on the right of individuals to
reproduce in ways that they wish. So I suggest there should be a greater need to consider the interests
of the child and to reject these suggested uses of cloning. |
| 1．The underlined part "the difficulty" in Paragraph 1 refers to ________. |
A．cloning a baby is difficult
B．it"s difficult to give birth to a new baby
C．the dead child can"t come back again
D．the cloned baby can"t replace the lost child |
| 2．According to the passage,one of the reasons why couples usually decide to clone babies is ______. |
A．to bring back a child killed unfortunately
B．to exchange their children
C．to develop the same interests as their child
D．to succeed in making fortune |
| 3．The sentence "Success also depends on fortune" implies that ________. |
A．the result may be unpredictable
B．the child does not live up to the parents" hopes
C．the cloned child fails to develop the same interest as the original
D．the baseball player turns to acting |
| 4．We CAN"T conclude that ________ according to the observation made by the author. |
A．it"s important to consider the interests of the child rather than the suggested uses of cloning
B．parents can"t expect to get the lost child back by cloning a new baby
C．much importance should be placed on the right of parents to reproduce babies in ways that they wish
D．every child should be wanted as a unique individual |
| 阅读理解。 |
Some scientists say that animals in the ocean are increasingly threatened by noise pollution
caused by human beings.
The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities.It is caused
mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines.Such noises are
added to natural sounds.These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes,
and sounds made by animals themselves.
Decibels (分贝) measured in water are different from those measured on land.A noise of one
hundred and twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears.In water, a decibel level of one
hundred and ninetyfive would have the same effect.
Some scientists have proposed setting a noise limit of one hundred and twenty decibels in
oceans.They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales.
A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously
injure some animals.
The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the
area to lose their hearing.This seriously affected the whales" ability to exchange information and
find their way.Some of the whales even died.The explosions had caused their ears to bleed and
become infected.
Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds object to a limit of one hundred
and twenty decibels.They say such a limit would mean an end to important industrial and scientific
research.
Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean animals.
However, many scientists suspect that noise is a greater danger than they believed.They want
to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean. |
|
|
| 1．According to the passage, which of the following is increasingly dangerous to sea creatures? |
A．The sound of a car.
B．The sound of voices.
C．Manmade noise pollution.
D．The sound of steps |
| 2．According to the passage, natural sounds include all of the following EXCEPT________. |
A．sounds made by animals themselves
B．ocean drilling
C．underwater earthquakes
C．the breaking of ice fields |
| 3．Which of the following is discussed in the third paragraph? |
A．The same noise level produces a different effect on land and in the ocean.
B．Different places may have different types of noises.
C．The decibel is not a suitable unit for measuring underwater noise.
D．Different ocean animals may have different reactions to noises. |
| 4．According to the passage, what will scientists most probably do in the future? |
A. They will work hard to reduce ocean noise pollution.
B．They will protect animals from harmful noises.
C．They will try to set a limit of 120 decibels.
D．They will study the effect of ocean noise pollution. |
| 阅读理解。 |
Everybody is afraid of something.That"s what more than 1,700 kids told us when we
asked them about fears and scary stuff.We gave kids a list of 14 scary things and asked
which one frightened them most.Here are the top 5 answers from our survey (调查):
① Scary movies and TV shows；②Scary dreams；③Thunderstorms,hurricanes(飓风)；
and other horrible weather；④War and terrorism (恐怖行动)；⑤Sounds heard at night.
But not everyone is afraid of the same thing.And what makes one person scared can be
of no big deal for someone else.Plenty of kids said their biggest fear wasn"t on our list.
What is fear?
Fear is a feeling that eyeryone has-it"s programmed into all of us-and that"s a good thing
because fear is there to protect us.We"re born with a sense of fear so we can react to
something that could be dangerous.The baby cries,and their mom comes over to comfort
him or her,helping the baby feel safe and OK again.
Real vs.Pretend
The best way to get over a fear is to get more information about it.As kids get older,they
understand more and start seeing the difference between what is real and unreal.So when
William"s imagination leads him to think of witches,he can tell himself,"Wait a minute.They"re
only pretend things.I don"t need to worry about them."
The same goes for the dark.A kid"s imagination can start playing tricks when the lights go
out.What"s under my bed?Is that a thief I hear?With the help of a parent,kids can get more
comfortable in the dark.Using a nightlight or shining a flashlight under the bed to see that
there"s nothing there can help kids fight that fear. |
| 1．What did the writer find out from the survey?______. |
A．Some people have never experienced fear.
B．Kids don"t like watching scary movies.
C．All people are afraid of something.
D．People often cry loudly when they are scared. |
| 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?______. |
A．The list of fears is not complete.
B．The things people fear are of no big deal.
C．Kids have more fears than people think.
D．People are afraid of different things. |
| 3．In the writer"s opinion,________. |
A．having a sense of fear is not a bad thing
B．babies have a weak sense of fear
C．fear is not something that we are born with
D．not all people can react to dangerous things |
| 4．According to the passage,what is the best way to get over a fear?______. |
A．To stay away from it.
B．To know more about it.
C．To use your imagination.
D．To stay with others. |
| 5．What does the underlined word "pretend" in Paragraph 4 mean?______. |
A．Ugly.
B．Usual.
C．Unreal.
D．Lovely. |
| 阅读理解。 |
It is really possible to be bored to death,scientists have found.Researchers say that
people who live a boring life are more likely to die young,and that those who experienced
"high levels" of boredom are at double risk (危险) of dying from heart disease or a stroke
than those who are satisfied with their life.
Researchers studied the results of 7,524 people aged between 35 and 55 who were
interviewed between 1985 and 1988 about their levels of boredom.Of those 7,524 people
who were monitored (跟踪调查) over 25 years,those who said____________were nearly
40 percent more likely to have died by the end of the study than those who did not.
The original survey found one in ten people had been bored within the past month,with
women more than twice as likely as men to suffer from boredom.Younger employees and
those with more boring jobs were also found to be more likely to suffer from boredom.
Martin Shipley,who wrote the report,said,"People who are bored are more likely to turn to
unhealthy habits like drinking,smoking,taking drugs,and getting addicted to the Internet,which
can cut people"s lifeexpectancy (寿命)．It_is_important_that_people_who_have_dull_jobs
_find_outside_interests_to_keep_off_boredom,rather_than_turn_to_drinking_or_smoking."
A scientist said those who are bored should try to be happier by thinking more about the
needs of others."From being all me,me,me,they should be thinking-what can I do for my
family,my friends,my colleagues,even my boss?" he said.
1．What"s the main idea of the passage?(Please answer within 8 words.)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(Please answer within 5 words.)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．What does the original survey show about people?(Please answer within 15 words.)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
According to a scientist,people who feel bored should focus more on the needs of others in
order to be happier.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 into Chinese.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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