“Today we had a discussion in class about heroes,” said Ayesha to her father. “T

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“Today we had a discussion in class about heroes,” said Ayesha to her father. “The teacher asked us to name our favorite heroes.”
“What did you say?” asked her father curiously.
“I said Kareena Kapoor,” said Ayesha proudly.
“Why do you like Kareena?” asked her father.
“She is so pretty, Daddy!” shouted Ayesha. “So I want to look like her!”
“But how do you plan to do that?”
“I don’t know, but I want to look like her.”
“When I see you, I see a very pretty girl. You may not be Kareena, but you are just as fine as Ayesha,” said her father seriously. “Adopting（挑选）film actors as our heroes and heroines（女偶像）is part of being young, but in the process don’t put yourself down,” he added. “But if you are trying so hard to be Kareena, you will stop being Ayesha.” Ayesha began to look interested. Her father added, “Each of us is unique, We have come down to the earth to develop our own beautiful gifts. You are such a fine singer, for example. Can you see how this might be your own wonderful gift to the world? Focus on being yourself, child, and you will achieve great things in life.
“OK, Dad,” she said. “I love the way Kareena looks but I am now going to focus on being the best Ayesha I can be.”
“That’s my girl,” said her father, giving her a big hug.
小题1:Kareena Kapoor is most probably a ______.

A．popular writer	B．famous actress
C．school teacher	D．pretty singer

小题2:Which of the following words can best describe Ayesha’s father?”

A．Reasonable

B．Humorous

C．Impatient

D．Generous

小题3:We know from the passage that _______.

A．Ayesha’s teacher liked watching films very much

B．Kareena Kapoor became famous for her courage

C．Ayesha changed her wrong attitude to Kareena in the end

D．Ayesha followed her father’s advice and determined to be herself

答案

小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:D

解析

试题分析：这是爸爸和女儿的对话，女儿想做一个著名的女演员，爸爸告诉她每个人都是独特的，要做自己。
小题1:推理题：从第八段的句子：“Adopting（挑选）film actors as our heroes and heroines（女偶像）可知Kareena Kapoor是一个著名的女演员，选 B
小题2:推理题：从第八段的句子：“Each of us is unique, We have come down to the earth to develop our own beautiful gifts.可知Ayesha的爸爸是有理性的，选A
小题3:细节题：从文章倒数第二段的句子：“OK, Dad,” she said. “I love the way Kareena looks but I am now going to focus on being the best Ayesha I can be.”可知Ayesha听从了爸爸的建议，决定做自己，选D

举一反三

Anyone who doubts if children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their first efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often tied to their children"s success, it can be a painful experience.
Figuring out why the fire went out is the first step. Assuming that a kid doesn"t suffer from a learning disability, or isn"t involved in some family crisis(危机) at home, many educators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or classmate pressure.“Everything is within the kids" control；their intelligence is changeable,”says Lisa Blackwell, a research scientist at Columbia University. More than any teacher or workshop, Blackwell says,“Parents can play a key role in conveying this message to their children by praising their effort and progress rather than emphasizing their “smartness” or praising high performance alone. Most of all, parents should let their kids know that mistakes are a part of learning.”
Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testing and separation of students into different levels of ability, also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids.“These programs shut down the motivation of all kids who aren"t considered gifted and talented. They destroy their confidence,” says Jeff Howard, a social psychologist. Howard and other educators say it"s important to expose kids to a world beyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extracurricular activities.
“The problem of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambition,”says Michael Nakkual, a Harvard education professor. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to free them of the idea that class work is irrelevant, and to show them how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. They need to understand that you have to learn to walk before you can run.
小题1:According to the passage, the parents of kids with no ambition ________.

A．don"t do a very good job on teaching them to walk

B．are to blame if the kids do poorly in school

C．feel pain because their own ambition is connected to their kids" success

D．should take part in extracurricular activities with kids

小题2: The underlined part “the fire went out” probably means ________.

A．the motivation was suddenly lost

B．the fear of failure was suddenly gone

C．the learning disability was suddenly lost

D．the fire was suddenly gone

小题3:All the following can contribute to a sudden lack of ambition EXCEPT ________.

A．learning disability	B．classmate pressure
C．emphasis on testing	D．extracurricular activities

小题4:What is the most important thing for parents in motivating their kids?

A．Punishing kids who don"t display ambition.

B．Emphasizing smartness and high performance.

C．Telling kids that mistakes are a part of learning.

D．Praising the effort and progress they have made.

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案

Inside their one-store, metal-roofed house on Vancouver Island’s west coast，Janet Schwartz and her domesticated(驯养的) deer, Bimbo, are returning to their normal lives. The law-represented by men and women dressed in black uniforms and carrying guns — is no longer threatening to forcibly separate Schwartz and Bimbo，freeing the l0-year-old deer to the fates (命运) of the surrounding rainforest and its hungry wolves and black bears．
“We love each other，”said Schwartz who turned 70 on Saturday. “she’ll come up to me and she’ll kiss me right on the lips，like a man kisses a woman’’
For four days last week，Schwartz’ life turned as rocky as the rough logging road that connected her life to the outside world. Conservation officers had arrived with orders to loose Bimbo. Schwartz was told she wasn’t allowed to touch Bimbo any more. It seemed somebody had complained，said Environment Minister Terry Lake earlier in the week, noting it’s illegal to keep wild animals as pets.
During those tense days，sleepless nights were made even more restless by nightmares，said Schwartz. There were news stories and Facebook pages which supported Schwartz and by Friday，the government had changed its mind. Schwartz could keep her pet with the help of a veterinarian and conservation officers.
“It makes me feel good，”said Schwartz of the announcement．“She is my life．and I’ve had her since the day she’s been born.”
The relationship began when a friend found the orphaned fawn (幼鹿) along a nearby logging road，more than a kilometer away from her current home，said Schwartz. The friend brought the fawn over because she knew Schwartz had raised a deer before.
Schwartz named the fawn(小鹿) Bimbo，based on a Gene Autry song that was playing inside her home at the time，and began feeding the animal goat’s milk. Days turned into months and years, and now Bimbo is a part of the family.
小题1:According to Paragraph 1 , Janet Schwartz’s life is returning to normal because

A．no one disturbs her life again	B．she can continue to keep the deer
C．she has married again	D．Bimbo has returned to the forest

小题2:Why didn’t Schwartz want to loose the deer?

A．It was the only companion in her house

B．She wanted to study the lifestyle of the deer．

C．The deer had become part of her life．

D．She had a veterinarian to help her．

小题3:Conservation officers ordered Janet to loose Bimbo because

A．the deer was not properly taken care of

B．the deer brought harm to the neighborhood

C．it was against the law to keep the deer as a pet

D．the deer made too much noise

小题4:What made the government change its mind?

A．Schwartz’s love for the deer.

B．The threat to the deer in the wild.

C．The change of the law.

D．The influence from the press and the Web.

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Why do human beings still risk their lives under ground and doing one of the dirtiest and most dangerous jobs in the world? It is an increasingly urgent question, given the recent mining accidents in Sago, W. Va and Huntington, Utah. A small group of engineers and robotics experts look forward to a day in the not-too-distant future when robots and other technology do most of the dangerous mining work.
Robotic technology, in particular, holds much promise, McAteer says, especially when it comes to mapping mines and rescuing trapped miners --- the special operations of the mining industry.
One of the first mining robots was developed five years ago at Carnegie Mellon University’s Robotics Institute. It was called Groundhog. It used lasers(激光器) to “see” in dark tunnels and map abandoned mines—some of the most dangerous work in the business.
The latest design is called Cave Crawler. It’s a bit smaller than Groundhog，and even more advanced. It can take photos and videos and has more sensors that can detect the presence of dangerous gases. Incredibly，the robot has a real sense of logic. If it comes across an obstacle it gets momentarily confused. It has to think about what to do and where to go next. Sometimes it throws a fit just like a real person.
The greatest problem, though, is cost. The money of the earliest research project was provided by the government, but that money had dried up, and it’s not clear where future money will come from. Partly for that reason, and partly because of advances in safety, mining is not nearly as dangerous as it was in the past. Since 1990, fatalities(致命性) have declined by 67% and injuries by 51% , according to the National Mining Association.
Some experts predict that robots in mines will serve much of the same function that they do in the automotive industry. The robots do the most boring and dangerous jobs，but won’t get rid of the need for human workers.
小题1:The latest robot is more advanced than Groundhog, mainly because ____.

A．it can map abandoned mines

B．it can see in the dark tunnels

C．it’s smaller than Groundhog

D．it has a real sense of logic

小题2:The underlined phrase “throws a fit” in paragraph 4 probably means“______”

A．gets angry	B．gets sick
C．becomes hungry	D．becomes cheerful

小题3:We can infer from the last paragraph that _____ .

A．robots in mines will serve much in the automotive industry

B．there will be no need for human workers in mines

C．the mine robots will have a very bright future

D．robots in mines only do some simple jobs now

小题4:We can infer from the text that ______.

A．the mining robots do most of the mining work at present

B．groundhog can discover the presence of dangerous gases

C．experts are trying to make robots help miners with dangerous work

D．robots cannot do dangerous work in dark areas

小题5:What can be the best title for the text?

A．Mining Accidents in America

B．Robots in Mines

C．Cave crawler, the Latest Robot

D．The Future of Robots

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In a world as fast-changing and full of information as our own, all of us need to know how to learn well. Yet evidence suggests that most of us don’t use the learning techniques that science has proved the most effective.
The scientific literature evaluating these techniques goes back to decades and across thousands of articles. It’s far too extensive and complex for the average parent, teacher or employer to look through. Fortunately, a team of five leading psychologists have done the job for us.
Professor John Dunlosky and other psychologists closely examined 10 learning strategies and rated each from high to low utility(实用) on the basis of the evidence they’ve gathered. Here’s part of their conclusions:
In contrast to familiar practices, the effective learning strategies with the most evidence to support them aren’t well known outside the lab. Take distributed practice, for example. This strategy involves spreading out your study time, rather than engaging in one marathon. Cramming (死记硬背）information at the last minute may allow you to get through that test or meeting, but the material will quickly disappear from your memory. It’s much more effective to look through the material at intervals over time.
And the longer you want to remember the information, whether it’s two weeks or two years, the longer the intervals should be.
The second learning strategy that is highly recommended by Dunlosky is practice testing. Yes, more tests---but there not for a grade. Research shows that the mere act of calling information to mind strengthens that knowledge and aids in future retrieval (检索). While practice testing is not a common strategy---despite the strong evidence supporting it ---there is one familiar approach that captures its benefits: using flash cards. And now flash cards can be presented in digital form. Both distributed practice and practice testing were rated as having “high utility” by Dunlosky.
小题1:How did the psychologists study and rate the learning strategies?

A．By analyzing the materials gathered in the past years.

B．By asking some students questions about their study.

C．By doing some experiments on the objects in the lab.

D．By asking parents and teachers to look through the articles.

小题2:The underlined word “extensive” in Para.2 means _____.

A．small in amount

B．easy or quick to do

C．more than is needed

D．dealing with a lot of information

小题3:About distributed practice and practice testing, it’s true that _____.

A．many students have benefited a lot from them

B．they were first put forward by John Dunlosky

C．only a small number of experts know about them

D．psychologists are studying whether they are effective

小题4:The strategy of distributed practice shows that ______.

A．we should not study for long hours every day

B．reviewing what we have studied is of little help

C．the shorter the interval is, the better we’ll study

D．doing repetition at intervals is the best way

小题5:The evidence shows that the strategy of practice testing ______.

A．is a way to use flash cards to help study

B．is mainly used to help us remember well

C．helps know about students’ grades in time

D．is a way widely used to strengthen memory

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Imagine you’re in a dark room, running your fingers over a smooth surface in search of a single dot the size of this period, How high do you think the dot must be for your finger to feel it?
Scientists have determined that the human finger is so sensitive it can detect a surface bump just one micron（l0^－6m）"high． The human eye, by contrast, can"t tell anything much smaller than100 microns．No wonder we rely on touch rather than eyesight when faced with a new roll of toilet paper．
Biologically, touch is the mother of all sensory（感觉的） systems．It is an ancient sense in evolution: even the simplest single-celled living things can feel when something brushes up against them and will respond by moving closer or pulling away． It is the first sense aroused during a baby’s development and the last to weaken at life"s peak． Patients in a deep coma （昏迷）who seem otherwise lost to the world will show skin reaction when touched by a nurse．
“Touch ,is so central to what we are that we almost cannot imagine ourselves without it,” said Chris Dijkerman．“It"s "not like eyesight, where you close your eyes and you don"t see anything． You can"t do that with touch．It"s always there．"
Long ignored in favor of the sensory heavyweights of eyesight and hearing, the study of touch lately:: has been gaining new concern among scientists．They"re exploring the effects of recently reported false touch impressions, of people being made to feel as though they had three arms, for example, with the hope of gaining the true understanding of how the mind works．
Others are turning to touch for more practical purposes: to build better touch screen instruments and robot hands, a more well-rounded virtual life．。“There"s a fair amount of research into new ways of offloading information onto our sense of touch," said Lynette Jones． "To have your cell phone buzzing （making a low sound） as opposed to ringing turned out to have a lot of advantages in．some situations．"
Touch is our most active sense, our means of seizing the world and experiencing it "first hand． Dr．Susan Lederman pointed out that while we can become aware of something by seeing or hear,ing7;-．from a distance and without really trying, if we want to learn about something by means of touch, we must make a move．We must rub the cloth, or pet the cat． Touching is a two-way street, and that"s not true for seeing or hearing． If you have a soft object and you squeeze it, you change its shape． The physical world reacts back．"
Our hands are smart and can do many tasks automatically - button a shirt, fit a key in a lock, play the; piano for others．Dr．Lederman and her colleagues have shown that blindfolded subjects can easily recognize a wide range of common -objects placed．in their hands．But on some feeling tasks, touch is all thumbs （very clumsy）． When people are given a raised line drawing of a common object, they"re puzzled．“If all we"ve got is outline information;" Dr．Lederman said,．“no weight, no texture, no temperature information, well, we"re very, very bad with that．"
Touch also turns out to be easy to fool, Among the sensory tricks now being investigated is something called the Pinocchio illusion． Researchers have found that if they shake the band of the biceps（二头肌）, many people report feeling that their forearm is getting "longer, their hand floating ever further from their elbow（肘）． And if they are told to touch the forefinger of the shaken arm to the tip of their nose, they feel as though their nose was lengthening, too．
小题1:Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A．Our eyes are more sensitive than our fingers．

B．Our fingers are more sensitive than our eyes．

C．Our eyes are more sensitive than our ears．

D．Our noses are less sensitive than our ears．

小题2:The sense that is firstly awaked during a child"s development is the sense of ．

A．sight

B．taste

C．hearing

D．touch

小题3:The underlined sentence “You can"t do that with touch” here means “You can"t ”．

A．close your skin

B．close your eyes "

C．touch anything

D．see anything

小题4:Scientists are lately getting interested in the following except ．

A．living a well-rounded virtual life

B．understanding how the mind works

C．favoring eyesight and hearing

D．building better "touch screen objects

小题5:In the view of , movement is needed when we want to know something by touching．

A．the author	B．Chris Dijkerman
C．Lynette Jones	D．Susan Lederman

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