Let us begin by saying what does not cause our dreams. Our dreams do not come fr
题型：不详难度：来源：
Let us begin by saying what does not cause our dreams. Our dreams do not come from “another world ”. They are not messages from outside source. They are not a look into the future , either ．
All our dreams have something to do with our feelings, fears, longings, wishes, needs and memories. If a person is hungry , or tired or cold , his dreams may include a feeling of this kind ．If the covers on your body , such as a quilt or a blanket have slipped off your bed , you may dream that you are sleeping on the ice and snow. The material for the dream you will have tonight is likely to come from the experience you have today.
So the subject of your dream usually comes from something that has effect on you while you are sleeping （feeling of cold, a noise, a discomfort, etc．） and it may also use your past experiences and the wishes and the interests you have now．This is why children are likely to dream of fairies, older children of school examinations, hungry people of food, home-sick soldiers of their families and prisoners of freedom．
To show you how this is happening while you are asleep and how your needs and wishes can all be joined together in a dream , here is the story of the experiment．A man was asleep and the back of his hand was rubbed with a piece of absorbed cotton．He would dream he was in hospital and his charming girlfriend was visiting him , sitting on the bed and feeling gently his hands!
There are some scientists who have made a special study of why we dream, what we dream and what those dreams mean．Their explanations of dreams , though a bit reasonable, is not accepted by everyone but it offers an interesting approach to the problem．They believe that dreams are mostly expressions of wishes that do not come true．In other words, dreams are a way of having your wishes carried out．
小题1:From the passage we know that our dreams ___________.| A．are imagination of our daily life | | B．are man’s curious look into the future | | C．have nothing to do with our feelings | | D．are to some degree connected with our feelings |
小题2:Older children often dream of examinations probably because ___________.| A．they are interested in exams | | B．they are often worried about their studies | | C．they hope for a better life | | D．they show much interest in their studies |
小题3:According to the writer , the explanation of dreams that some scientists made ___________.| A．is considered interesting , but unreasonable | | B．gives a good answer to the question why we dream | | C．has some value , though not fully convincing | | D．has been proved by the findings of their studies |
小题4:What is the best title for this passage ?| A．Why People Dream ? | B．New Findings about Dreams | | C．Dream Makes Hopes | D．What Dreams Mean ? |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:B
小题3:C
小题4:A |
解析
试题分析：这篇文章主要讨论人为什么会做梦。我们的梦和我们日常的心情、恐惧等有一定的关系。科学家做出的梦的解释虽然有点价值，但是没有充分的说服力。
小题1:细节理解题。由第二段的第一句话：All our dreams have something to do with our feelings. . . 可知我们的梦和我们日常的心情、恐惧等有一定的关系。选D
小题2:推理判断题。由第三段的内容：it may also use your past experiences and the wishes and the interests you have now．This is why children are likely to dream of fairies, older children of school examinations,可知梦到的物体可能受到过去的经历影响，学生梦见考试，从常理来讲应该是由曾经惧怕考试所致。选B
小题3:细节理解题。由最后一段的Their explanation of dreams, though a bit reasonable, is not accepted by everyone. . . 可知科学家做出的梦的解释虽然有点价值，但是没有充分的说服力，得出答案C。
小题4:主旨题：从全篇文章和文章的第一句话Let us begin by saying what does not cause our dreams. 可知这篇文章主要讨论人为什么会做梦。选A |
举一反三
In the late 1970’s,many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems ，and new steel — and — glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Some ecologists (生态学家）pointed out that a number of tall buildings in a city often overburden public transportation.
Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers of electric power and water. In just one recent year, the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City itself has already raised the top daily demand for electricity by 120, 000 kw — enough to supply the entire city of Albany in New York area for a single day.
Glass—walled skyscrapers can also be especially wasteful. The heat loss ，or gain， through a wall of half 一 inch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical ordinary wall filled with bricks or board. In order to decrease the pressure on heating and air — conditioning equipment, builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double—layered glass ，and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that could reduce glare (强光）as well as heat gain. However, mirror — walled skyscrapers may raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings as well.
Skyscrapers put a severe pressure on a city"s sanitation (卫生）facilities, too. If fully occupied, the towers just within the central area of New York would alone produce 2. 25 million gallons of waste water each year^—as much as the city size of Stanford， Connecticut, which has a population of more than 109，000.
小题1:The underlined phrase“ lavish consumers ”in the 2nd paragraph probably means ____ | A．trash producers | B．great spenders | C．pressure makers | D．poor customers |
小题2:Glass walls of skyscrapers are specially mentioned in order to _____.| A．show how skyscrapers manage to lessen their pressure | | B．explain why skyscrapers can control its air conditions | | C．describe further how wasteful skyscrapers could be | | D．present the stability of skyscrapers in modern buildings |
小题3:From the last paragraph we can learn that _____.| A．central New York skyscrapers are a large waste water producer | | B．the central area of New York is as large as the city of Stanford | | C．more than 109，000 people live in the skyscrapers in New York | | D．New York produces 2. 25 million gallons of waste water each year |
小题4:When the writer talks about skyscrapers ，his tone sounds _____| A．positive | B．doubtful | C．grateful | D．negative |
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Watercress is positively packed with healthy vitamins and minerals. The writings of both the Romans and the Ancient Greeks record the consumption of watercress by all classes. Hippocrates, “the father of medicine”, was so convinced that watercress was a great healer that he built his first hospital next to a stream so that he could grow a plentiful supply of the shiny green leaves for his patients. The Romans chewed watercress in large quantities, believing that it would cure baldness. They, too, looked with favor on watercress as a salad.
Watercress sandwiches were traditionally a breakfast item in nineteenth-century Europe. The most basic type of watercress sandwich has two pieces of white bread with a mixture of butter and watercress greens . A nickname(绰号)for the vegetable, in fact, was “poor man’s bread”, because watercress was often eaten on its own for breakfast by families that could not afford the bread to go with it.
Watercress is a member of the mustard(芥菜) family. It contains vitamins C(66mg per 100g), K and A, and is also a valuable source of minerals such as iron, potassium, copper and calcium. The mustard oils in its silky leaves and stems(茎)contain an ingredient known as PEITC. Recent research has proved that PEITC can prevent the growth of cancer cells and, in some cases, actually destroy them.
The best watercress has silky green leaves without any marks and has undamaged stems, The older the plant, the darker are its leaves and the thicker its stems. This means a higher concentration of oils and vitamins. Young watercress, on the other hand, may be harvested after only twenty-eight days growth and has a milder taste. It is best to eat watercress fresh and raw , to keep more of its valuable nutrients, but it can be lightly cooked and used as an alternative to spinach—another dark green vegetable—in various recipes. From soups to salads, watercress is now considered around the world as a natural and healthy super food.
小题1:From paragraph 1, we can learn that________.| A．watercress is usually grown in wet areas | | B．the ancient Greeks only used watercress for medicine | | C．watercress is the most ancient vegetable known to man | | D．the Romans rubbed watercress on their heads to cure baldness |
小题2:The underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to “_________”.| A．butter | B．watercress | C．breakfast | D．bread |
小题3:Which of the following is TRUE about watercress?
A.It belongs to the same family as spinach.
B.It contains mustard oils only in leaves.
C.It can help guard against cancer.
D.It is rich in vitamins C and B.
小题4:Compared with older watercress, young watercress .| A．has lighter green leaves | | B．contains more minerals | | C．is better for medical use | | D．is more suitable for eating raw |
小题5:What would be the best title for the text?| A．The history of watercress | B．watrcress, a medicinal plant | | C．Watercress, the amazing food | D．New findings about watercress |
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With the popularity of 3D movies over the past several years , there was no doubt that the technology would make its way into our homes, The question is: Is it really a technology that is going to stay with us , thus deserving an upgrade(升级) at this time?
Many families have recently bought a new TV set, and the idea of changing it just to take advantage of a technology in its infancy(初期)will put many people off the idea. Then there are the additional costs that come along with a 3Dset from needing to get a Blu-ray player that can process the signal to purchasing enough glasses for the entire family to be able to watch a program at the same time.
Another issue is that the glasses are expensive as well as complicated, and have also been known to cause headaches, none of which makes for a pleasant experience.
While manufacturers are working towards glasses-free technology, it just isn’t here yet, and it could be several years before it is commercially successful. That is one of main things that will keep 3D completely in the “fashion” zone for the time being . If the television manufacturers are willing to hold onto the idea until glasses-free choices are available—and they can reach a higher installed(安装)user base—this might very well catch on. Everyone needs to remember, however, that these are businesses, and they are in it to make money. If 3D isn’t selling at the rate they are comfortable with, then they will dump it and move on to the next thing.
Many homes are filled with products that didn’t catch on rapidly and companies ended up leaving them with no support. Do you have an HD DVD player? Remember how the MiniDisc was supposed to replace the CD? For now, it’s easy to see how 3D televisions could join this list of technologies.
There is one upside to the 3D television problem: They have beautiful 2D images. Even if 3D goes away, you still have a great –looking screen and beautiful images. If you are in the market for a new TV and you can afford to drop the couple extra hundred dollars to buy one, you can view it as guaranteeing your purchase in case the technology proves to be effective.
小题1:We know from the text that 3D TV .| A．is easy to operate | | B．has been fully developed | | C．has many products attached to it | | D．has already replaced normal TV sets |
小题2:What’s the main idea of paragraph 4?| A．3D is fashionable and expensive. | | B．It’s hard for 3D to be commercially successful. | | C．Television manufacturers’ only purpose is to make money. | | D．It’s impossible to create glasses-free technology at the moment. |
小题3:The examples of the HD DVD player and CD are to show .| A．they are not necessary | | B．they are bound to be replaced | | C．3D TV might not be here to stay | | D．3D technology needs improving |
小题4:The underlined word “upside” in the last paragraph probably means .| A．solution | B．exception | C．character | D．benefit |
小题5:What’s the author’s opinion on 3D TV?
A.He is critical of it.
B. He thinks highly of it.
C.It is more effective than expected.
D. It has more beautiful images than 2D. |
Many people look fondly at their school days. a lot of these memories are often attached to events that have little to do learning, many people are surprised by how much they miss being in the and actually learning something new.
Although most people feel that their lives would be by going back to school for further study, some people find that their busy schedules would make this . However, with the rise of technology like the , it is now easier than ever to continue feeding your mind without obligations like family and work. This is due to the rise of online education options.
Online education is a subset of what is known as electronic learning or e-learning. All that you need to successfully use online education is to a computer that has an internet . There are so many online education options, it is quite common for colleges to online education courses to assist people who are in distance education.
The main of online education is that it allows you to at your own pace and on your own time. Depending on the nature of the courses, online education will provide you with a certain time for you to compete it .
One of the biggest of online education is that it does not provide you with the face-to-face interaction with a teacher. But you can with other students through the use of discussion boards, messaging programs, and web-conferencing programs.
As people become busier, online education has in popularity. It has greatly improved the number of services it provides and is considered a great education option. So if you are busy but your mind is still more of a challenge, you may find that online education is the perfect food for your mind!
| 小题3: | | A．classroom | B．office | C．dormitory | D．workshop |
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| 小题4: | | A．controlled | B．adjusted | C．damaged | D．enriched |
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| 小题5: | | A．out of question | B．out of the question | C．likely | D．easy |
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| 小题6: | | A．walkman | B．radio | C．TV | D．Internet |
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| 小题7: | | A．sacrificing | B．satisfying | C．possessing | D．sticking |
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| 小题8: | | A．approach | B．administration | C．access | D．permission |
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| 小题9: | | A．system | B．connection | C．program | D．instrument |
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| 小题11: | | A．offer | B．sell | C．choose | D．decide |
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| 小题12: | | A．failing | B．lacking | C．avoiding | D．participating |
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| 小题13: | | A．benefit | B．function | C．disadvantage | D．shortcoming |
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| 小题14: | | A．work | B．learn | C．read | D．chat |
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| 小题15: | | A．span | B．facility | C．limit | D．lag |
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| 小题16: | | A．points | B．views | C．ideas | D．criticisms |
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| 小题17: | | A．chat | B．communicate | C．cooperate | D．concentrate |
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| 小题18: | | A．e-mails | B．letters | C．messages | D．speeches |
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| 小题19: | | A．evolved | B．improved | C．boomed | D．abandoned |
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| 小题20: | | A．hunting for | B．searching for | C．calling for | D．longing for |
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But what is teacher quality? How can one measure it reliably?
An analysis is issued on a sample of data from a Texas school district. Experts argue convincingly that teacher effectiveness should be measured by students’ gains on standardized tests: Mr. Smith is probably a better teacher than Ms. Brown if his students consistently improve their test scores more than hers do.
Though this approach is appealing, there are tricky issues. For example, what if Ms. Brown teaches in a school where students score so high there is little room for improvement?
The authors try to correct for this problem, as well as other sorts of measurement issues, to generate a measurement of teacher effectiveness. The paper is primarily concerned with how this measure is related to other observable characteristics.
The first finding is that there is a large variation in teacher effectiveness: some teachers consistently have a larger impact on their students’ achievement than others.
Second, easily observable characteristics like having a master’s degree or a passing score on the teacher certification exam are not correlated关联 with teacher effectiveness.
Then what does matter? The most important single influence is experience: first-year teachers are much less effective than others. The second year is significantly better, and by the fourth year, most teachers hit their stride.
It is not entirely clear whether this experience effect is learning by doing (the more you teach, the more effective you become) or survival of the fittest (those who are not good at teaching tend to drop out early.)
From my reading of the paper, both effects appear important and there is no simple answer. The data do suggest, however, that teacher effectiveness is pretty clear by the end of the second year, so the information to make an informed decision is available at that time.
The authors also investigate the contentious 有争议的issue of racial matching of students and teachers. Here they find strong evidence that minority teachers tend to be more effective with minority students. Again, it is unclear whether this is because of a role model effect (students respond better to a teacher of their own race) or an empathy effect 移情效应(teachers empathize better with students of their own race) or something else entirely.
The authors also look at teacher mobility. There is some evidence that teachers who quit teaching or switch schools tend to be below average in effectiveness. This is consistent with the survival-of-the-fittest model.
小题1:The schoolmaster could decide wisely whether to further employ the teacher by the end of the ______.| A．the first year | B．the second year | C．the third year | D．the fourth year |
小题2:The phrase “hit their stride” most probably means “______”.| A．reach their normal level | B．become confident | | C．walk with long steps | D．get bored |
小题3:The author of this passage holds the view that ______.| A．teachers will perform better with time passing | | B．ineffective teachers should leave earlier rather than later | | C．teacher’s effectiveness is apparent after a couple of years | | D．a master’s degree will improve teacher’s effectiveness |
小题4:Why do black teachers tend to be more effective with black students?| A．Students fell secure, so they respond better. | | B．Teachers sympathize with students of their own race. | | C．There are entirely some other identified reasons. | | D．The reasons are far from clear and definite. |
小题5:Which of the following may serve as the best title?| A．The Quality of Teaching | | B．Impact of Teacher Quality on Student Learning | | C．Different Sorts of Measurement Issues | | D．Survival-of-the-fittest Model vs. Learning-by-doing Model |
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