Plastic is everywhere because plastic is an extremely useful material. It is che
题型：不详难度：来源：
Plastic is everywhere because plastic is an extremely useful material. It is cheap, strong and lightweight. What’s more, it can take on nearly any form or shape, from soft and stretchy (有弹性的) to hard and glasslike.
Plastic, however, is far from perfect. It may even be bad for us. Studies now suggest that poisonous chemicals can get out of some types of plastic, get into our bodies, and cause a variety of health problems, including cancer, birth defects and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (注意缺陷障碍).
Two types of chemicals in particular have raised special concern lately. They are called phthalates (邻苯二甲酸盐) and Bisphenol-A (二酚基丙烷), BPA for short. Not all plastic products contain them. But the ones that do are surrounded by controversy (争议). That’s because experts disagree on how dangerous these chemicals are.
Plastic is a single word, but plastic isn’t just one thing. What all plastics share in common are plasticizers -- special chemicals that allow the material to be changed into nearly any shape or texture. Plasticizers (塑化剂) are added to plastic during the manufacturing process.
Phthalates and BPA are two types of plasticizers that work in different ways. Phthalates add softness to things like shampoo bottles, raincoats and rubber. They are also used in perfumes and makeup. BPA, on the other hand, gives a hard, clear, almost glasslike feel to products such as infant bottles. BPA also appears in food and soda cans, DVDs and other unexpected places.
How do these chemicals get into us? When plastic is heated in the microwave or dishwasher, chewed on or scratched, the chemicals can seep (渗透) out of the plastic. Even though we can’t see them, we eat them, drink them and breathe them in.
Scientists and parents are especially worried about young children, who tend to chew on everything, including plastic. Dozens of countries, including the European Union, Japan, Canada and Mexico have already banned phthalates from products made for children younger than three. California and Washington have done the same. And a number of other states are considering similar rules. As for BPA, Canada became the first country to ban the chemical from baby bottles. A dozen states are considering it.
小题1:What can we know about the plastic from the first paragraph?| A．Its characters and effects. | B．Its wide use and bad points. | | C．Its importance and chemicals. | D．Its popularity and advantages. |
小题2:Which of the following products contains BPA?| A．A soft plastic cup. | B．A pencil eraser. | | C．A baby milk bottle. | D．A new perfume. |
小题3:Phthalates and BPA can get into us __________. | A．through mouth or nose | B．through blood transfusion | | C．by feeling plastic products | D．by heating in the microwave |
小题4: What is the passage mainly about?| A．A new ban on plastic products. | B．Problems caused by the plastic. | | C．Good points of the plastic. | D．The use of plasticizers. |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:A
小题4:B |
解析
试题分析：文章介绍虽然塑料很受欢迎也有很多好处，但是塑料里面的物质有可能进入人体照成对身体的伤害，特别是一些婴儿的塑料制品可能对孩子的健康造成危害。
小题1:细节题：从第一段的句子：Plastic is everywhere because plastic is an extremely useful material.可知塑料很受欢迎，从第二句话It is cheap, strong and lightweight. What’s more, it can take on nearly any form or shape, from soft and stretchy (有弹性的) to hard and glasslike.可知讲的是塑料的好处，选 D
小题2:细节题：从第五段的句子：BPA, on the other hand, gives a hard, clear, almost glasslike feel to products such as infant bottles. 可知婴儿牛奶瓶中有BPA，选C
小题3:推理题：从倒数第二段的句子：Even though we can’t see them, we eat them, drink them and breathe them in.可知 Phthalates和BPA是经过口鼻进入人体的，选A
小题4:主旨题：从第二段的句子：Plastic, however, is far from perfect. It may even be bad for us. Studies now suggest that poisonous chemicals can get out of some types of plastic, get into our bodies, and cause a variety of health problems, 可知这篇文章讲的是塑料的问题，选B |
举一反三
What do college teachers think of high school English teachers’English teaching? And how should we see it? Let’s read the following.
A teacher from a community college addressed a sympathetic audience. Heads nodded in agreement when he said, “High school English teachers are not doing their jobs.” He described how weak his students were—all high school graduates who can use language only at a Grade 9 level.
My topic is not standards nor its decline（降低）. What the speaker was really saying is that he is no longer young; he has been teaching for sixteen years, and is able to think and speak like a mature adult.
My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following is natural. It is also human nature to look for the reasons for our dissatisfaction. Before English became a school subject in the late nineteenth century, it was difficult to find the target of the blame for language deficiencies（缺陷）. But since then, English teachers have been under constant attack.
The complainers think they have hit upon an original idea. As their own command of the language improves, they notice that young people do not have this same ability. Unaware that their own ability has developed through the years, they assume the new generation of young people must be hopeless in this respect. To the eyes and ears of sensitive adults, the language of the young always seems inadequate.
Since this concern about the decline and fall of the English language is not seen as a generational phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar(特有的) to today’s young people, it naturally follows that today’s English teachers cannot be doing their jobs.
小题1:The speaker believed that ________.| A．he was an excellent language teacher because he had been teaching English for sixteen years | | B．the younger generation was as likely as not worse at language than the older generation | | C．high school English teachers should be responsible for their students’ poor command of English | | D．The fact that the students didn’t work hard enough contributed to their poor command of English |
小题2: In the author’s opinion, the speaker ________.| A．had exaggerated (夸大) the language problems of the students | | B．was right in saying English teachers were not doing their jobs | | C．gave a correct judgment of the English level of the students | | D．thought and spoke in a wise and responsible way |
小题3:What can we conclude from the passage?| A．Language learning and improving needs time and effort. | | B．The author disagrees with the speaker over the standard of English at Grade 9 level. | | C．It is reasonable to include English as one of the high school subjects. | | D．The English language teaching is by no means an easy job for college teachers. |
小题4:The author’s attitude towards the speaker’s remarks is ________.| A．neutral（中立的） | B．critical | | C．positive | D．compromising(妥协的) |
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How long you live has a lot to do with your environment and lifestyle, but exceptional(特别的)long life may have even more to do with your genes. For the first time, researchers have discovered a genetic recipe(基因谱)that accurately predicts who may live to 100 and beyond.
Analysis shows that 90% of the participants who lived to 100 had at least one of the signature genetic clusters(标志基因组). Dr. Thomas Perls at the Boston University School of Medicine said, “We realize this is a complex genetic puzzle. There is a long way for us to go to understand how the integration(融合)of these genes—not just with themselves but with environmental factors—is playing a role in this long life puzzle.”
Perls has studied many factors that contribute to long life, and he is the first to acknowledge that living longer isn’t likely to be simply a matter of genes. His previous work has shown, for example, that among most elderly people who live into their 70s and 80s, about 70% can owe their long life to environmental factors such as not smoking; eating a healthy, low-fat, low-calorie diet; and remaining socially engaged and mentally active throughout life.
It seems clear that those who live extremely long are benefiting from a special DNA. In fact, Perls believes that the older a person gets, the more likely it is that his or her genes are contributing to those extended years.
小题1:Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 2?| A．Most long-living people have special long-life-related genes. | | B．Ninety percent of the participants lived to 100 years of age. | | C．All the long-living people have only one signature genetic cluster. | | D．Scientists know how the integration of the genes helps people live long. |
小题2: Perls may most likely agree that .| A．most people living extremely long benefit from not smoking | | B．living longer just depends on certain genetic recipes | | C．environmental factors play an important role in long-living | | D．being mentally active has nothing to do with living an old age |
小题3: Which of the following is FALSE according to the text?| A．Remaining socially engaged helps a person to live long. | | B．A genetic recipe can accurately predict who may live to 100 and beyond. | | C．Perls is the first to think living longer is just a matter of genes. | | D．The older he gets, the more likely the genes contribute to his extended years. |
小题4:Which of the following would be the best title for the text? | A．Genes May Predict Who Lives to 100 | B．Environment And Genes | | C．Genes, the Secret of Long Living | D．Lifestyle And Genes |
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C
When an ant dies, other ants take it out of the nest, often within an hour after its death. This behavior interests scientists and they wonder how ants know for sure--and so soon--that another ant is dead.
One scientist recently came up with a way to explain this ant behavior. Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist, a scientist who studies animals and plants. He found that ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “I’m dead--take me away” when it is dead.
One scientist recently came up with a way to explain this ant behavior. Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist, a scientist who studies animals and plants. He found that ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “I’m dead---take me away” when it is dead.
But there"s a question to answer: As we know, if an ant is dead, it stops moving. But when an ant is sleeping or knocked unconscious, it is also not moving. However, other ants don"t move the living ant out of the nest. How do they know this ant is not dead? Choe found that ants have another chemical on their bodies, which tells nearby ants something like, “Wait—I"m not dead yet” when it is not dead. Choe suspects that when an ant dies, the chemical that says, “Wait— I"m not dead yet” quickly goes away. When other ants detect the “dead” chemical without the “not dead yet” chemical, they move away the body.
To test his theory, Choe and his team put different chemicals on ants. When the scientists used the “I"m dead” chemical, other ants quickly moved the treated ant away. When the scientists used the “Wait—I"m not dead yet” chemical, other ants left the treated ant alone. Choe believes this behavior shows that the “not dead yet” chemical overrides the “dead” chemical when picked up by other ants. And that when an ant dies, the “not dead yet” chemical fades away. Other nearby ants then detect the remaining “dead” chemical and remove the body from the nest.
Understanding this behavior can help scientists figure out how to stop ants from invading new places and causing problems.
小题1:What is the function of the first paragraph?| A．Leading the following paragraphs. | | B．Showing the main idea of the passage. | | C．Introducing the background of the passage. | | D．Giving a summary of the passage. |
小题2:Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “overrides” in the fourth paragraph?| A．is weaker than | B．is stronger than | C．is better than | D．is worse than |
小题3:What can we learn from the passage?| A．Living ants can also be taken away when they are not moving. | | B．When an ant dies, it can tell others using a certain chemical. | | C．A living ant can pretend to be dead using a special chemical. | | D．Ants often use chemicals to communicate with each other. |
小题4:Which of the following descriptions about Dong-Hwan Choe is right?| A．Choe did this study in order to stop ants from invading new places. | | B．Choe is a biologist who is only interested in animals, especially in ants. | | C．Choe first came up with an idea to explain this ant behavior，and then did some tests to prove his theory. | | D．Choe did the research on this ant behavior on his own. |
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Electrical devices(仪器)could soon use power made by human energy. Scientists say
they have developed an experimental device that produces electricity from the physical movement of a person walking. British scientist Max Donelan and other scientists in Canada and the United States developed the device.
The device connects to a person’s knee. As the person walks, the device captures energy each time the person slows down. To do this, the device helps with the slowing down movement of the leg. The movements of the walking person push parts of a small machine
that produces electricity. Using the device, an adult walking quickly could produce thirteen watts of electricity in just a minute. Donelan says walking at that speed could produce enough power to operate a laptop computer for six minutes.
There are several possible uses for the device. Developers say it could help people who work in areas without electricity to operate small computers. The device could also be used in hospitals to operate heart pacemakers(起搏器). It could even be used to assist in the movement of robotic arms and legs.
The experimental version of the device weighs about one and a half kilograms, but it is too costly for most people to buy. But the researchers hope to make a lighter, less costly version. An improved version shou1d be ready in one year.
The developers hope the device will one day help developing countries. Near1y twenty five percent of people around the world live without electric power.
A similar product was invented in 2005 by Larry Rome of the University of Pennsylvania. He created a bag carried on a person’s back that also produces power from wa1king.
The knee device does not produce as much electricity as the bag. But the bag requires the walker to carry a load of twenty to thirty kilograms.
小题1:The second paragraph mainly talks about .| A．who developed the device | | B．how the device works | | C．several possible uses for the devices | | D．how much electricity the device can produce |
小题2:What is the disadvantage of the experimental version of the device?| A．It is too heavy for the walker to bear. | | B．It is too complex for people to use. | | C．It is too expensive for most people to afford. | | D．It will slow down one’s walking speed. |
小题3:Compared with the device designed by Larry Rome, this new device .| A．produces power without adding more loads to the walker | | B．can produce more power in a much shorter time | | C．needs to be equipped with a battery | | D．can help the walker wa1k faster |
小题4:From the passage, we can learn that the electrical device can .| A．help housewives operate the washing machine | | B．make it much easier for us to go online | | C．produce more electricity than that invented by Larry Rome | | D．be applied in medicine to operate heart pacemakers |
小题5:What would be the best title for the passage?| A．First device powered by walking wi1l soon be on the market | | B．Advanced technology brings in a new way to operate heart pacemakers | | C．Device gives new meaning to the idea of power walking | | D．Human energy will become a main source of electricity |
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We are fortunate to be living in a time when all people have the ability to access any knowledge they desire. This digital society that we live in affords us opportunities that our ancestor only dreamed of having. We should not take this privilege for granted.
In the not so distant past of the 1950s, people who wanted to research an idea, a product, or anything else, had to go to a library where they could look up information in books. Not all people had the same access to the books, and the information they contained. In America, if your skin was black, you could not use the same library that a person with white skin used. If a black skinned person was allowed access to a library, it most likely was stocked with outdated books that white skinned people had discarded.
In the digital society we live in today, the color of your skin does not determine the access you have to information. Technology has brought to us the powerful tools like the Internet where we can find information on almost every subject.
Access to the Internet has allowed us to research the things we are planning to purchase. We are capable of comparing prices on things like insurance, appliances, entertainment, clothing, and all other things. We also now have the ability to purchase items online without ever leaving our homes. We have been freed from the restrictions of store hours, and regional sales. A person in America can purchase a product from a person in Germany, without leaving home.
Because of the digital society we live in our children can learn about anything they are interested in. When they ask you what the dinosaurs ate, you can look it up, and tell them the answer. Because of this people will be smarter in the future, and technology will only improve.
小题1:By “We should not take this privilege for granted”, the writer means that ______.| A．we have special right to do anything | | B．it is wrong to make use of the privilege | | C．knowledge is important in the digital society | | D．we should seize the chances the modern society offers |
小题2:The main idea of the fourth paragraph is that ______.| A．the Internet brings us a lot of convenience | | B．people in modern society are mostly wealthy | | C．we would like to stay at home every day | | D．we can find anything we like in the world |
小题3:The dinosaurs are mentioned in the last paragraph in order to tell us that _____.| A．people will be much clever than ever | | B．what the dinosaurs ate seems strange to us | | C．finding out what the dinosaurs looked like is easy | | D．we can learn knowledge with the help of technology |
小题4:The writer’s attitude toward the digital society is ______.| A．critical | B．positive | C．neutral | D．negative |
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