Electrical devices（仪器）could soon use power make by human energy, Scientists say
题型：不详难度：来源：
Electrical devices（仪器）could soon use power make by human energy, Scientists say they have developed an experimental device that produces electricity from the physical movement of a person walking , British scientist Max Donelan and other scientists in Canada and the United States developed the device.
The device connects to a person’s knee, As the person walks, the device captures energy each time the person slows down, To do this ,the device helps with the slowing sown movement of the leg, The movements of the walking person push parts of a small machine that produces electricity, Using the device, an adult walking quickly could produce thirteen watts of electricity in just a minute, Donelan says walking at that speed could produce enough power to operate a laptop computer for six minutes.
There are several possible uses for the device ,Developers say it could help people who work in areas without electricity to operate small computers, The deice could also be used in hospitals to operate heart pacemakers（起博器）,It could even be used to assist in the movement of robotic arms and legs.
The experimental version of the device weighs about one and a half kilograms, but it is too costly for most people to buy, But the researchers hope to make a lighter, less costly version.An improved version should be ready in one year.
The developers hope the device will one day help developing countries, Nearly twenty five percent of people around the world live without electric power.
A similar product was invented in 2005 by Larry Rome of the University of Pennsylvania,He created a bag carried on a person’s back that also produces power from walking, The knee device does not produce as much electricity as the bag ,But the bag requires the walker to carry a load of twenty to thirty kilograms.
小题1:The second paragraph mainly talks about .| A．who developed the device | | B．how the device works | | C．several possible uses for the devices | | D．how much electricity the device can produce |
小题2:What is the disadvantage of the experimental version of the device?| A．It is too heavy for the walker to bear | | B．It is too complex for people to use | | C．It is too expensive for most people to afford | | D．It will slow down one’s walking speed. |
小题3:Compared with the device designed by Larry Rome ,this new device .| A．produces power without adding more loads to the walker | | B．can produce more power in a much shorter time | | C．needs to be equipped with a battery | | D．can help the walker walk faster |
小题4:From the passage, we can learn that the electrical device can .| A．help housewives operate the washing machine | | B．make it much easier for us to go online | | C．produce more electricity than that invented by Larry Rome | | D．be applied in medicine to operate heart pacemakers |
小题5:What would be the best title for the passage?| A．First device powered by walking will soon be on the market | | B．Advanced technology brings in a new way to operate heart pacemakers | | C．Device gives new meaning to the idea of power walking | | D．Human energy will become a main source of electricity |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:A
小题4:D
小题5:C |
解析
试题分析：科学家研制出一种固定在人膝盖上的发电装置。这种装置可通过收集人走路时损失的能量发电。
小题1:段落大意题。第二段主要讲了这种电子装置的工作原理，即它是如何利用人步行来发电的。选B。
小题2:细节推断题。根据第四段中的it is too costly for most people to buy可知这种实验版的设备费用太高，大多数人买不起。选C。
小题3:推理判断题。根据末段可知，过去Larry Rome发明的设备虽然也是靠行走获取能量，但是需要步行者背重达20到30公斤的负荷，而这种佩戴在膝盖上的设备重量只有1.5公斤，不需增加步行者的太多负担。选A。
小题1:细节理解题。根据文章第3段the device could also be used in hospitals to operate heart pacemakers可直接选出答案D项。A项文中没有涉及到，B项表述不科学，根据文章最后一段可以推断C项表述错误。
小题5:归纳标题题。文章主要突出的内容是这种新的电子设备使得利用人步行获取能量变得轻松、容易。选C。 |
举一反三
Conservationists have unveiled plans to preserve and protect the world"s most important species of coral, in a response to increasing threats that they say will lead to "functional extinction" within decades．
Led by scientists at the Zoological Society of London, the Edge Coral Reefs project has identified 10 coral species in most urgent risk of becoming extinct．The scientists say that reefs are under pressure from a variety of threats including rising sea temperatures due to climatic instability, increased acidity（酸性）, overfishing and pollution．
The Edge plan, which focuses on the most evolutionarily distinct and globally endangered species , will take a regional approach to conservation．This means focusing on the "coral triangle" around the Philippines, the West Indian Ocean around the Mozambique channel, and in the Caribbean channel．
"Coral reefs are threatened with functional extinction in the next 20-50 years, due predominantly to global climatic instability," said Catherine Head, coordinator of the reefs project．"In these regions, we"ll be supporting and training in-country conservationists to carry out research and implement targeted conservation actions," she said．"Their projects will last initially for two years．We provide them with a whole host of tools to carry out their projects including funding and intensive training．" She added．
Coral reefs are the planet"s most diverse marine ecosystem（生态系统）, known as the rainforests of the oceans．Despite taking up under 0．2% of the ocean floor, they provide food and shelter for almost a third of all sea life．If we lose the ecosystems, we lose not only the biodiversity （生物多样性）, but we also lose the capability of people to obtain income and food from coral reefs．
Climatic instability, which leads to rising sea temperatures, causes corals to bleach．Bleaching occurs when sea temperatures rise and this causes the coral tissue to expel their symbiotic algae called zooxanthellae - these are what give the coral their colour．Bleached corals often die if the stress continues．Among the 10 species chosen to start the Edge project are the pearl bubble coral, a food source for the hawksbill（玳瑁）turtle, and the Mushroom coral, which supports at least 15 brightly colored fish．
小题1:What does the first paragraph mean in the passage ?| A．Conservationists planned to preserve and protect some extinct corals years ago． | | B．Conservationists have banned plans to protect endangered corals for years． | | C．Conservationists are going to protect corals that are dying out in several ten years． | | D．Conservationists have made plans to protect corals from being extinct in ten years． |
小题2:What will probably happen to coral species with the increasing threats?| A．Decrease． | B．Losing functions | | C．Disappearance． | D．Existence |
小题3:Which of the following statements about the Edge Plan is TRUE?| A．The Edge Coral Reefs project was carried out by American scientists． | | B．The plan concentrates on the channels to protect the endangered species． | | C．The Conservationists have carried out the Edge plan for many years to protect the corals． | | D．Ten coral species chosen by the project are at the greatest risk of becoming extinct． |
小题4:Which of the following will be the consequence of coral extinction in the passage?| A．We will keep the balance of the marine ecosystems． | | B．About one third of the marine species can"t survive． | | C．Man can benefit more from corals． | | D．We will lose the rainforests on our earth． |
小题5:What is the best title of the passage?| A．Climatic Instability and Coral Extinction | | B．Reasons for Coral Functional Extinction． | | C．A Plan to Save Coral from Extinction | | D．A Research about Endangered Coral Reefs． |
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When Geoff Marcy was 14, his parents bought him a telescope. Every night, he would go onto the roof outside his window to see the wonders of the sky.
“What excited me most was whether there were planets in other solar systems where life might exist,” he says. “I decided to try to find planets orbiting other stars like our Sun.”
And he did. “My fellow researcher, Paul Butler, and I found our first planet in 1995,” Dr. Marcy says. “We worked for ten years without finding anything! But we stuck with it and our patience paid off.”
Since then, the two scientists have discovered 65 of the more than 100 planets found orbiting other stars. Dr. Marcy and Dr. Butler also spotted the first “family” of three planets. In June 2002 they announced another discovery: a Jupiter-like planet orbiting star 55Cancri.
At first, the two researchers found only planets that orbit close to stars. Recently, the scientists found planets farther out. The planet orbiting 55Cancri is a major breakthrough: it is the first sighting of a large gas planet about same distance from the star as Jupiter is from the Sun.
Why is this important ? Scientists think that life on Earth may exist because of two special features in our solar system. The first is Jupiter.
“Because it’s so big, Jupiter pulls comets and asteroids(小行星), or they all come and hit the Earth.” Dr. Marcy explains. “Without Jupiter , life on Earth would likely have been destroyed.”
A second feature is that Earth is a rocky planet where liquid water, which is necessary for life , can exist. Unlike gas planets, rocky planets like Earth have surfaces where water can gather in pools and seas, which may support life. A huge space exists between the Jupiter-like planet and two other planets that lie close to 55Cancri. Is there an Earth-like planet in the space, too small for us to notice? If so, says Dr. Marcy, “We would have two striking similarities to our solar system: a Jupiter-like planet and an Earth-like planet. And there may be life!”
小题1:What can we learn about Dr. Marcy from the passage?| A．He is fond of watching Jupiter. | | B．He is from a scientist family. | | C．He dislikes working with Paul Butler. | | D．He is interested in finding life in outer space. |
小题2:Which of the following is true of the recent discovery?| A．The planet is not as protective as Jupiter. | | B．The planet is close to star 55Cancri. | | C．The planet proves to be a gas planet. | | D．The planet is as large as Jupiter. |
小题3:Dr. Marcy and Dr. Butler began to find new planets in ____.小题4:Dr. Marcy thinks that life may exist in the 55Cancri system because ____.| A．he has found the system similar to the solar system. | | B．he has discovered an Earth-like planet there. | | C．he has discovered a rocky planet there. | | D．he has found signs of life in the system |
小题5:“But we stuck with it”( in Paragraph 3) means ____.| A．they felt discouraged | B．they carried on with it | | C．they failed in their attempt | D．they made some progress |
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Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, unless they hunt them for food. Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership(伙伴关系) which does good to both of them. You may have noticed some birds sitting on the back of sheep. This is not because they want a ride, but because they find easy food in the parasites(寄生虫）on sheep. The sheep allow the birds to do so because they remove the cause of discomfort. So although they can manage without each other, they do better together.
Sometimes an animal has a plant partner. The relationship develops until the two partners cannot do without each other. This is so in the corals(珊瑚）of the sea. In their skins they have tiny plants which act as “dustman”, taking some of the waste products from the coral and giving in return oxygen which the animal needs to breathe. If the plants are killed, or are even prevented from light so that they cannot live normally, the corals will die.
小题1:Some birds like to sit on a sheep because _________.| A．they can eat its parasites | | B．they consider the sheep as their shelter | | C．they enjoy traveling with the sheep | | D．they find the position most comfortable |
小题2:The underlined word “they” in the first paragraph refers to _______.| A．birds and parasites | B．sheep, birds and parasites | | C．parasites and sheep | D．birds and sheep |
小题3:It can be learnt from the text that the coral depends on the plants for ________.| A．comfort | B．light | C．oxygen | D．food |
小题4:What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?| A．Some plants depend on each other for food. | | B．Some animals and plants develop their relationship easily. | | C．Some animals and plants depend on each other for existence. | | D．Some animals live better together. |
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Last week, President Barack Obama gave a back- to-school speech to students at the Julia R. Masterman Laboratory and Demonstration School in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Students in schools across the country also tuned in to watch the President"s speech on TV. He stressed the importance of trying new things, working hard and believing in yourself.
While admitting that times are tough for families across the country, Obama reminded students that hard work now can mean big success later. “Nobody gets to write your destiny(命运）but you,” he said. “Your future is in your hands. Your life is what you make of it. And nothing—absolutely nothing—is beyond your reach."
Obama spoke about his own life, and lessons he learned from his mother, who had to remind him to stay focused on his studies. He told students the recipe (诀窍) for success: “Showing up to school on time. Paying attention in class. Doing your homework. Studying for exams. Staying out of trouble. ”
Obama encouraged students to embrace(欣然接受)what makes them different. “We shouldn"t be embarrassed by the things that make us different,” he said. “We should be proud of them.”
He also suggested taking advantage of all of the opportunities at your school, and always being open to trying new things. “Just because you’re not the best at something today doesn"t mean you can"t be tomorrow,” he said. “Even if you don"t think of yourself as a math person or as a science person—you can still excel in those subjects if you"re willing to make the effort. And you may find out you have talents you’d never dreamed of.”
小题1:What does Obama mainly want to tell the students in Paragraph 2?| A．Some families are experiencing a hard time. | | B．Different people have different destinies. | | C．They can create their own future. | | D．Those who don"t study hard will achieve nothing. |
小题2:In Paragraph 3, Obama tried to encourage the students by _______.| A．telling an interesting story | | B．sharing the secret to success | | C．telling his own life experience | | D．referring to some famous people |
小题3:Obama suggested the students should _________ .| A．not study hard for high marks | | B．accept things that make them different | | C．do what they are really interested in | | D．not do things which are difficult for them |
小题4:The underlined phrase “excel in” in the last paragraph means “_________”.| A．be careful with | B．be attracted to | | C．be interested in | D．be good at |
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Australian scientists are trying to give kangaroo-style stomachs to cattle and sheep in order to cut he greenhouse gases they send out, which are thought to be responsible for global warming.
Thanks to special bacteria in their stomachs, kangaroo flatulence(肠胃气胀)contains no methane(甲烷)and scientists want to transfer that bacteria to cattle and sheep who produce large quantities of the harmful gas.
While the usual image of greenhouse gas pollution is a billowing smokestack (烟囱) pushing out carbon dioxide, farm animals’ passing wind contribute a surprisingly high percentage of total emissions (排放物)in some countries.
“Fourteen percent of emissions from all sources in Australia are from enteric methane from cattle and sheep,” said Athol Kleve, a senior research scientist with the Queensland state government.
“And if you look at another country such as New Zealand, which has got a much higher agricultural base, they"re actually up around 50 percent, ” he said.
Researchers say the bacteria also make the digestive process much more efficient and could potentially save millions of dollars in feed costs for farmers.
But it will take researchers at least three years to isolate (分离) the bacteria, before they can even start to develop a way of transferring it to cattle and sheep.
Another group of scientists, meanwhile, has suggested Australians should farm fewer cattle and sheep and just eat more kangaroos.
The idea is controversial (有争议的), but about 20 percent of health-conscious Australians are believed to eat the national symbol already.
“It"s low in fat, it’s got high protein levels and it"s very clean in the sense that basically it"s the free-range (放养的) animal,” said Peter Amp of the University of New South Wales"s institute of environmental studies.
小题1:Scientists intend to put bacteria into cattle and sheep _________.| A．so that they can make full use of special bacteria | | B．to help Australian farmers to earn more money | | C．so that they can protect Australian ecosystem | | D．to prevent them from sending out harmful gases |
小题2:Athol Kleve seems to believe that ________.| A．cattle and sheep produce more carbon dioxide | | B．less cattle and sheep are raised in New Zealand | | C．farm animals are responsible for greenhouse gases | | D．New Zealand has the most animals in the world |
小题3:What do the underlined words “the idea” in paragraph 9 refer to?| A．Australians should farm fewer cattle and sheep and just eat more kangaroos. | | B．The bacteria could make the digestive process much more efficient. | | C．Australians should give kangaroo - style stomachs to cattle and sheep. | | D．The bacteria could save millions of dollars in feed costs for farmers. |
小题4:Which of the statements is the advantage Peter Amp lists about kangaroo?| A．it is rich in protein | B．it is cheaper than beef | | C．it is high in fat | D．it is more delicious than sheep |
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