What exactly is intelligence? There aren’t any easy answers．Despite the progress
题型：不详难度：来源：
Robert Plomin of the Institute of Psychiatry in London and his colleagues in the US have been looking into genetic make-up．From their research, they have discovered that a slightly different gene is more common in those with a high IQ．Plomin analyzed DNA from two groups of 51 children aged between 6 and 15．What he found was that the first group had an IQ of 136, putting them in the top 5% of the population, while the other group had an average IQ of 103．An analysis of their genes showed that 32% of children in the higher group had the gene in question, while only 16% in the second group did．However, there is a lot more research to be done, and Plomin himself is cautious at this early stage．He suggests that there are probably many genes that contribute to intelligence, rather than just one. Several studies have shown a strong link between IQ and career success, although some psychologists remain unconvinced about this．Professor Michael Rowe, who has written a book called Genius Explained, is one of these．“The people with the highest IQs are not usually the ones who do best in their careers．”
Many psychologists now believe that when it comes to intelligence, IQ isn’t everything．Many alternative views have been put forward recently．One example is the idea of multiple intelligences, which was developed in the 1980s by Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner．This offers a much broader view than the IQ theory, including creativity and communication skills as relevant factors in intelligence．
Tony Buzan, brain expert and author of Master your Memory, is enthusiastic about this belief, arguing that true geniuses do indeed appear to combine high levels of each type of intelligence．He lists Alexander the Great, Pablo Picasso and Albert Einstein as examples．At the same time, Buzan believes that everyone can develop their intelligence, only if they take the trouble to exercise their brain．Perhaps there’s hope for us all!
小题1:What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
| A．The development of intelligence |
| B．The idea of multiple intelligences |
| C．IQ isn’t everything for intelligence |
| D．Alternative views have been put forward |
| A．To make a suggestion． | B．To draw a conclusion |
| C．To prove an idea． | D．To give an example |
| A．Robert Plomin confirms genes have something in common |
| B．Howard Gardner thinks intelligence includes various factors |
| C．Michael Rowe approves of a strong link between IQ and career |
| D．Tony Buzan agrees geniuses exercise brain to improve intelligence |
| A．The relationship between genes and intelligence |
| B．IQ benefits a lot from high intelligence |
| C．How to develop intelligence． |
| D．What makes intelligence. |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:D
解析
试题分析：文章介绍了什么是智力？尽管这方面在遗传和心理方面取得了很大的进步，但这一话题仍是现代科学最有争议的话题之一，基因的组成被发现以后，遗传对智力的影响成了科学上研究的一个重要方面。同时也说明了智力并不只是受一个方面的影响，因此下文中又出现了多元智力。
小题1:B细节理解。One example is the idea of multiple intelligences, which was developed in the 1980s by Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner．This offers a much broader view than the IQ theory,句意为：其中的一个例子就是多元智力，它是在二十世纪八十年代由哈佛心理学家Howard Gardner发起的，这就提供了比智商理论更为广阔的观点。所以答案应是多元智力，故为B。
小题2:C细节理解题。From their research, they have discovered that a slightly different gene is more common in those with a high IQ．从他们的研究中，他们已经发现，在高智商的这些人中，他们的基因都有稍微的不同这点是相同的。．An analysis of their genes showed that 32% of children in the higher group had the gene in question,分析显示，在高智商的小孩儿中有百分之三十二都有思考问题的基因。所以下文他们用的数据是为了来证明这一观点。故答案应为C。
小题3:B细节理解题。Many psychologists now believe that when it comes to intelligence, IQ isn’t everything．Many alternative views have been put forward recently．One example is the idea of multiple intelligences, which was developed in the 1980s by Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner．许多心理学家认为，当谈到智力的时候，智商并不代表一切，许多新的观点已经被提出，其中包括多元智力说。由此可知Howard Gardner认为，智力包括多个因素是正确的。故答案为B
小题4:D综合理解题。由文章的第一自然段What exactly is intelligence?开篇，下文均是围绕这一问题展开，由此可知答案为D。
考点: 科普类文章的阅读。
举一反三
With cloning, infertile couples could have children. Current treatments for infertility, in terms of percentages, are not very successful. Couples go through physical and emotionally painful procedures for a small chance of having children. Many couples run out of time and money without successfully having children. Human cloning could make it possible for many more infertile couples to have children than ever before.
We should be able to clone the bone marrow（骨髓） for children and adults suffering from leukemia（白血病）. This is expected to be one of the first benefits to come from cloning technology. We may learn how to switch cells on and off through cloning and thus be able to cure cancer.
Cloning technology can be used to test for and perhaps cure gene-related diseases. The above is just a few examples of what human cloning technology can do for mankind. This new technology promises unprecedented （前所未有的）advancement in medicine if people will release their fears and let the benefit begin.
小题1:What does the underlined word “infertile” (paragraph 2) most probably mean?
| A．with physical and emotional problems |
| B．short of time and money |
| C．unable to give birth to children |
| D．separated from each other for a long time |
| A．the treatment of mental diseases |
| B．the reserve of heart diseases |
| C．the cure of gene-related diseases |
| D．the bearing of babies |
| A．it has brought about benefits so far |
| B．it may be out of human control |
| C．people still know little about it |
| D．people are afraid of such technology |
Later, news of polluted underground water in some provinces scared people who wondered whether the water they drink is safe.
So the need to emphasize environmental protection while developing the economy is heard everywhere.
Smog especially is a common concern. Like a popular online post said, air may be the only thing that is equal for everyone, despite your income or vocation. People with higher incomes are able to drink only bottled spring water and eat only organic food by paying higher prices, but they breathe the same air as everyone else.
At a meeting on Monday, many Representatives have expressed their concerns about the air quality, too. One talked about his experience in Beijing. “After taking a taxi from the capital airport to my hotel, which took about an hour, I washed my nose and found the inside of my nose was black. We should ask ourselves this question: Why do we want to develop? It"s for living a better life. Dirty air is definitely not a better life," he said.
China needs to develop its economy and invest(投资) in high-tech. Every Chinese wants a strong country. But without blue sky, clean water and safe food, the achievements in the economy will become meaningless. Space technologies are not to be developed for building a base on Mars so that one day all human beings can migrate to the red planet because they have destroyed Earth.
What the public wants is a strong and beautiful China. Former president Hu Jintao spoke at the 18th Party Congress last November saying that great efforts must be made to promote ecological progress and build a beautiful China. The words have shown the central government"s resolution to address the environment issue.
小题1:The effect of smog doesn’t include.
| A．the rising of PM 2.5 readings |
| B．more people suffering diseases |
| C．the increase of people’s income |
| D．patients increased in hospital |
| A．Because people have to pay higher prices. |
| B．Because nobody can avoid it. |
| C．Because we have to develop industry. |
| D．Because a popular online-post discussed it. |
| A．human beings | B．other plants |
| C．space technologies | D．industrial development |
| A．high-tech can completely solve the problem of pollution |
| B．space technologies should be developed in a large scale |
| C．we can move to the Mars after the earth has been destroyed |
| D．we must protect the environment while developing economy |
Operation Always ride your bike in a safe, controlled manner on campus. Obey rules and regulations. Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions.
Theft Prevention Always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rack—even if you are only away for a minute. Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety. It’s fast, easy, and free. Registration permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.
Equipment
Brakes Make sure that they are in good working order and adjusted properly.
Helmet A necessity, make sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fits properly.
Lights Always have a front headlight—visible at least 500 feet in front of the bike. A taillight is a good idea.
Rules of the Road
Riding on Campus As a bicycle rider, you have a responsibility to ride only on streets and posted bicycle paths. Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine. The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15 mph, unless otherwise posted. Always give the right of way to walkers. If you are involved in an accident, you are required to offer appropriate aid, call the Department of Public Safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets you go.
Bicycle Parking
Only park in areas reserved for bikes. Trees, handrails, hallways, and sign posts are not for bicycle parking, and parking in such spots can result in a fine.
If Things Go Wrong
If you break the rules, you will be fined. Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus, you could be fined for:
×No bicycle registration…$25 ×Bicycle parking banned…$30
×Blocking path with bicycle…$40 ×Violation of bicycle equipment requirement…$35
小题1:Registration of your bicycle may help you .
| A．find your stolen bicycle | B．get your serial number |
| C．receive free repair services | D．settle conflicts with walkers |
| A．Brakes. | B．A helmet. | C．A headlight. | D．A taillight. |
| A．$25 | B．$30 | C．$35 | D．$40 |
| A．A guide for safe bicycling on campus |
| B．Directions for bicycle tour on campus |
| C．Regulations of bicycle race on campus |
| D．Rules for riding motor vehicles on campus |
Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases. Tropical storms and hurricanes will not only increase but may also become more intense. If the changes come too quickly, animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.
According to Science Daily, a new study predicts that by the year 2100, many of today’s familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in today’s world. It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these far-reaching consequences for the whole world. The planet itself has been showing signs of change. In 2004, a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008, thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake. Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.
Within just the last few months, new reports from around the world have been coming in and most agree that our climate situation is much worse than previously thought. At this point, it doesn’t matter what is causing it, but rather, what can be done about it. What’s more, our world is getting more and more unstable every year. There is war and threat of war everywhere. Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.
However, other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this. No one knows anything for sure at this point because there is simply not enough data.
小题1: Which of the following would be the best title for the Passage ?
| A．Ways to protect our planet. | B．Solutions to climate change. |
| C．Be prepared for climate change. | D．Climate change and its effects. |
| A．To show the damage earthquakes caused. |
| B．To remind people to prevent future earthquakes. |
| C．To show major changes are taking place on the planet. |
| D．To tell us more earthquakes will happen in the future. |
| A．Separated. | B．Destroyed. | C．Removed. | D．Affected. |
| A．Animals and plants won’t die out as long as climate changes slowly. |
| B．There’s enough data for us to predict the future of climate change. |
| C．The world is getting more unstable because of animal migration. |
| D．The earth is not the only planet that is experiencing climate change. |
Merrigan, a former college professor, is making stops at universities across the country in hopes of encouraging more students to think about careers in agriculture. Aside from trying to stop the graying of America"s farmers, her work is made tougher by a recent blog posting that put agriculture at No.1 on a list of "useless" college degrees. Top federal agriculture officials are talking about the posting, and it has the attention of agricultural organizations across the country.
“There couldn"t be anything that"s more incorrect," Merrigan said. "We know that there aren"t enough qualified graduates to fill the jobs that are out there in American agriculture.
In addition, a growing world population that some experts predict will require 70% more food production by 2050, she said.
“I truly believe we"re at a golden age of agriculture. Global demand is at an all-time record high, and global supplies are at all-time record lows," said Matt Rush, director of the Texas Farm Bureau. "Production costs are going to be valuable enough that younger people are going to have the opportunity to be involved in agriculture”.
The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed at developing more farmers and at increasing interest in locally grown food. The National Young Farmers" Coalition has also been pushing for state and federal policy changes to make it easier for new fermers.
Ryan Best, president of Future Fanners of America, has been living out of a suitcase, traveling the country and visiting with high school students about careers in agriculture. The 21 -year-old Best hopes his message-that this is a new time in agriculture-will motivate the next generation to turn around the statistics.“Never before have we had the innovations (创新）in technology which have led to agriculture in this country being the most efficient it has ever been” he said. “There’s really a place for everybody to fit in”
小题1:What is the new challenge to American agriculture?
| A．Fewer and older farmers. | B．Higher fuel prices. |
| C．More natural disasters. | D．Lower agricultural output. |
| A．To draw federal agriculture officials" attention |
| B．To select qualified agriculture graduates. |
| C．To clarify a recent blog posting. |
| D．To talk more students into farming careers |
| A．the government will cover production costs |
| B．global food supplies will be even lower |
| C．investment in agriculture will be profitable |
| D．America will increase its food export |
| A．To re-analyze the result of the national census. |
| B．To increase production. |
| C．To bring down the average age of farmers. |
| D．To invest more in agriculture. |
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