Have you ever wondered why birds sing? Maybe you thought that they were just hap
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Have you ever wondered why birds sing? Maybe you thought that they were just happy. After all, you probably sing when you are happy.
Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy. However, they sing most of the time for a very different reason. Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory.
Do you know what a “territory” is? A territory is an area that an animal, usually the male, claims (声称) as its own. Only he and his family are welcome there. No other families of the same species are welcome. Your house is your territory where only your family and friends are welcome. If a stranger should enter your territory and threaten you, you might shout. Probably this would be enough to frighten him away.
If so, you have actually frightened the stranger away without having to fight him. A bird does the same thing. But he expects an outsider almost any time, especially at nesting (筑巢) season. So he is screaming all the time, whether he can see an outsider or not. This screaming is what we call a bird’s song, and it is usually enough to keep an outsider away.
小题1:Some scientists believe that most of the time bird’s singing is actually ________.| A．an expression of happiness | B． a way of warning | | C．an expression of anger | D． a way of greeting |
小题2:What is a bird’s “territory”?| A．A place where families of other species are not accepted. | | B．A place where a bird may shout at the top of its voice. | | C．An area for which birds fight against each other. | | D．An area which a bird considers to be its own. |
小题3:Why do birds keep on singing at nesting season?| A．Because they want to invite more friends. | | B．Because their singing helps frighten outsiders away. | | C．Because they want to find outsiders around. | | D．Because their singing helps get rid of their fears. |
小题4:How does the writer explain birds’ singing?| A．By comparing birds with human beings. | | B．By reporting experiment results. | | C．By describing birds’ daily life. | | D．By telling a bird’s story. |
小题5:What does the underline word “screaming” in paragraph 4 mean? |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:B
小题4:A
小题5:C |
解析
试题分析：文章讲述了鸟儿的叫声并非全都是在唱歌，而是一种发出的警告，警示同伴或是吓退入侵者。
小题1:细节题。从Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory.可知，绝大多数时间鸟儿唱歌是为了警告同伴远离危险，故选B
小题2:细节题。从A territory is an area that an animal, usually the male, claims (声称) as its own.可知territory是指鸟儿认为是自己的领地的地方，故选D
小题3:细节推断题。从you have actually frightened the stranger away without having to fight him. A bird does the same thing.But he expects an outsider almost any time, especially at nesting (筑巢) season.可知它在筑巢期叫的原因是帮助吓退入侵者，故选B
小题4:细节题。文章很多地方都拿人与鸟儿进行比较，如If so, you have actually frightened the stranger away without having to fight him.可知选A
小题5:推断题。上文讲到鸟儿这种叫声是为了吓退入侵者，故应该是尖叫声的意思，故选C
点评：科普环保类说明文的作答往往围绕所叙述的一种物质来展开全文，对于此类文短题多的文章必须对每句话的内容进行仔细的理解，细节题的考察占到了大部分的比例，所以学生需要结合题目中的关键字迅速定位来找到正确的答案。 |
举一反三
Making friends is a skill like most skills. It improves with practice. If you want to meet people and make friends, you must be willing to take some action. You must first go where there are people. You won’t make friends staying home alone.
Joining a club or a group, talking with those who like the same things as you do is much easier. Or join someone in some activity.
Many people are nervous when talking to new people. After all meeting strangers means facing the unknown. And it’s human nature to feel a bit uncomfortable about unknown. Most of our fears about dealing with new people comes from doubts about ourselves. We imagine other people are judging us, finding us too tall or too short, too this or too that. But don’t forget that they must be feeling the same way. Try to accept yourself as you are, and try to put the other person at ease. You’ll both feel more comfortable.
Try to act self-confident even if you don’t feel that way. When you enter a room full of strangers, such as a new classroom, walk tall and straight, look directly at other people and smile.
If you see someone you’d like to speak to, say something. Don’t wait for the other person to start a conversation.
Just meeting someone new does not mean that you will make friends with that person—friendship is based on mutual liking and “give and take”. It takes time and effort to develop.
小题1:The best topic of the passage may be ________.| A．Friendship | B．Making friends | C．Meeting New People | D．Facing the Unknown |
小题2:Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?| A．Making friends needs practicing. | | B．Making friends needs to be more active in getting in touch with people. | | C．When meeting someone, make him feel nice and easy. | | D．Before making friends with someone, judge him if he’s too this or too that. |
小题3:The development of friendship needs ________.| A．a lot of money | B．lots of conversation | | C．time and effort | D．carefully judging |
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A sandstorm, also known as a dust storm, is exactly what it sounds like. A very strong windstorm especially in the desert carries clouds of sand or dust that greatly reduces visibility. This wind is usually caused by convection currents (对流气流), which are created by intense heating of the ground, and is usually strong enough to move entire sand dunes. Air is unstable when heated, and this instability in the air will cause higher winds to mix with winds in the lower atmosphere, producing strong surface winds.
Sandstorms can disturb people’s travel, and can sometimes destroy whole roads, and dry flat areas. Similar dust storms can be found on the planet Mars, and are thought to be seasonal. Today, the destruction of forests and too much farming of farmland can lead to sandstorms. Too much use of water resources can also cause sandstorms.
In the United States of America, sandstorms are rare because of the lack of large deserts and more importantly the development of proper agricultural techniques. The last recorded destructive sandstorm in American history was the Dust Bowl, which occurred on July 16, 1971 and was widely recorded by meteorologists (气象学家).
To protect themselves from sandstorms, some people wear protective suits. Special equipment can be fixed in some cars to prevent sand from getting into the engine. Sandstorms can cause coughs, and the sand and dust has also been known to carry “infectious diseases”. Sand particles, unlike dust ones, will block air passages, and cause a person who breathes them in to choke. Dust particles may cause an allergic (过敏的) reaction.
小题1:Which of the following plays the first part in forming sandstorms? | A．The instability of the sand. | | B．The instability of the wind. | | C．The intense heating of the ground. | | D．The speed of the wind. |
小题2:From the second paragraph, we can learn that at present _______. | A．sandstorms are more often seen on Mars than on Earth | | B．sandstorms have led to the lack of clean water resources | | C．farming brings more harm than benefits to humans | | D．human activities are a major cause of sandstorms |
小题3:The author will most probably agree that ________. | A．there will soon be no sandstorms in the USA | | B．humans haven’t thought of any way to deal with sandstorms | | C．death caused by sandstorms is increasing all the time | | D．humans should make more efforts to stop soil turning into desert |
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There are two factors which determine an individual"s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is reared (培养). If an individual is handicapped (妨碍) environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
The importance of environment in determining an individual"s intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark"s I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.
小题1:This passage can be best titled_________.| A．Intelligence and Environment | | B．Measuring Your Intelligence | | C．The Case of Peter and Mark | | D．How the brain Influences Intelligence |
小题2:According to the passage, the average I.Q. is _____.小题3:The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______.| A．individual with identical brains seldom test at same level | | B．an individual"s intelligence is determined only by his environment | | C．changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain | | D．lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligence |
小题4:This passage suggests that an individual"s I.Q.______.| A．can be increased by education | | B．stays the same throughout his life | | C．can be predicted at birth | | D．is determined by his childhood |
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Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate, you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good. You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense.
Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type. The giant panda eats only one particular type of bamboo(竹子) . Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly(蝴蝶) will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a more varied(多样化) diet . The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small animals, birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.
Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life.
小题1:We can infer from the text that humans and animals _________.| A．depend on one sense in choosing food | | B．are not satisfied with their food | | C．choose food in similar ways | | D．eat entirely different food |
小题2:Which of the following eats only one type of food?| A．The white butterfly. | B．The small bird. | | C．The bear. | D．The fox. |
小题3:Certain animals change their choice of food when ___________.| A．the season changes | | B．the food color changes | | C．they move to different places | | D．they are attracted by different smells |
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It’s a sure sign that summer is over and winter is on the way — leaves that were once deep green turn red, yellow and bright orange. It happens every autumn. But did you ever wonder why?
The leaves start changing color when the nights start getting longer and the temperature starts getting cooler. Some scientists think that as the number of daylight hours shrinks, the leaves stop making chlorophyll which makes plants green. The reason is that the process of making chlorophyll requires sunlight. But according to horticulture (园艺) educator Susan Rose from Colorado State University, it turns out leaves don’t really change color at all. “The fall colors are actually there all along,” she said. “But they are covered by the green chlorophyll. As the chlorophyll stops being produced, the other colors can shine through.”
The kind of color that the leaves are going to change to is determined by the plant’s genetic (基因的) background. In some places, the leaves start changing color in September — before autumn even officially begins. In other places, they don’t change until late October or even November. Some scientists say the leaves have been changing color later than usual in recent years. And they think global warming has something to do with that.
In one study, researchers found that the growing season in the Northern Hemisphere was nearly a week longer, on average, in 2008 than it was in 1982. And a professor from Harvard University found that the leaves, west of Boston, Massachusetts, are changing color about three days later than they used to. However, other scientists disagree with the global warming theory. Susan Rose said the leaves in her part of Colorado are changing “right on schedule.” But the leaves in other parts of that state are running a little late. “The lateness in the mountains may have something to do with the really warm late summer and early fall,” she said. “But I’m afraid that’s just a guess.”
小题1:According to Susan Rose, _____.| A．the fall colors are always in leaves | | B．leaves make chlorophyll all the seasons | | C．leaves’ changing color have nothing to with the weather | | D．leaves begin changing color because they start making chlorophyll |
小题2:The underlined word “shrinks” in Paragraph 2 could best be replaced by _____.| A．reduces | B．increases | C．lasts | D．appears |
小题3:Scientists guess leaves change color later than usual probably as a result of _____.| A．genetic background | B．dry weather | | C．global warming | D．low temperature |
小题4:The purpose of the last paragraph is to tell readers _____.| A．why leaves change color at fall | | B．leaves change color at different time | | C．the effects of the global warming on plants | | D．different opinions on the lateness of leaves’ changing color |
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