Every year in the first week of English class, some students inform me that writ
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Every year in the first week of English class, some students inform me that writing is too hard. They never write, unless homework requires it. They find the writing process painful and difficult.
How awful it is to be able to speak in a language but not to write in it, especially with its rich vocabulary. Being able to speak but not write is like living in an enormous mansion and never leaving one small room. When I meet students who think they can’t write, I know, as a teacher my duty is to show them the rest of the rooms. My task is to build fluency and accuracy while providing the opportunity in any writing activity to enhance（增强）the moral and emotional development of my students.
One great way to do this is by having students write in a journal in class every day.
Writing ability is like strength training. Writing needs to be done just like exercise; just as muscles grow stronger with exercise, writing skills improve quickly with writing practice daily. I often see a rise in student confidence and performance after only a few weeks of journal writing.
Expressing oneself in writing is one of the most important skills I teach to strengthen the whole students. When my students practice journal writing, they are practicing for their future academic, political, and emotional lives. They build skills so that some say they might write a great novel, a piece of sorely needed legislation（法规）, or the perfect love letter. That they write in their journals every day puts them a step closer to fluency, eloquence（雄辩）and command of the language.
小题1:What is the purpose of the passage?| A．To encourage students to keep a journal every day. | | B．To analyze students’ problems in learning languages. | | C．To stress the importance of writing in language learning. | | D．To introduce an effective way of improving students’ writing. |
小题2:The underlined phrase “an enormous mansion” in Paragraph 2 refers to students’ .| A．writing opportunity | B．large house | | C．large vocabulary | D．emotional life |
小题3:In the author’s view, what can students benefit from the journal writing?| A．It is beneficial to students’ future career. | | B．It can make students more emotional. | | C．It is helpful to students’ homework. | | D．It can enlarge students’ vocabulary. |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:A |
解析
试题分析:本文是一篇说明文，说明了每年英语课堂的第一周，英语写作对于学生来说都很难，为了解决这个问题，介绍了一个有效的写作方法，那就是写日记。通过写日记可以提高自己的写作水平。在日记里老师看到他们对写作很有信心，每天写日记能够使学生口才很流利，写作很棒
小题1:推理题，由第三段One great way to do this is by having students write in a journal in class every day可以推出答案，故选D。
小题2:推理题，由第二段第一行especially with its rich vocabulary.可以推出答案，所以选C。
小题3:细节题，由最后一段第二行When my students practice journal writing, they are practicing for their future academic, political, and emotional lives可以知道答案，所以选A
点评：做细节题的关键是找出原文的根据，认真核查题支和原文的异同，常犯错误有：绝对化语言，范围扩大或缩小，以偏概全，张冠李戴等。推断题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。 |
举一反三
In the computer age, most of us take a broadband（宽带）Internet connection for granted. Whether cable or mobile broadband, today’s connections are many times faster than those in the early days. Videos play smoothly, complex websites load quickly, and files download much faster than ten years ago. And the files are much bigger too.
There’s a catch, of course: You have to live near enough to a major city to get broadband Internet. If you don’t, it’s slow dial-up access for you. And for those living really far out, there may be no Internet access at all.
Technology experts often talk about the “last mile” problem, which refers to the difficulty of bringing Internet access to remote locations. In cities and suburbs, it’s relatively easy to provide access for everyone. It is much more difficult to deliver access to those living far from cities, especially in developing countries. Internet service providers, for their part, have been reluctant to provide access to sparsely (稀疏地) populated areas. The handful of Internet users they would reach wouldn’t cover the expense.
But every year, technological advancements allow of more and more Internet users. Most broadband connections today run over existing cable TV and telephone lines although these technologies aren’t available everywhere.
Some companies have delivered the Internet over standard power lines. Advancements in cheaper, more efficient fiber optics cables (光纤电缆) promise to bring extremely fast Internet connections to more users.
Still, the “last mile” problem remains hard to deal with. There will always be somewhere that doesn’t have an affordable broadband connection. But someday that might not matter. If the rapid progress in cell phone technology is any indication (迹象), it may not be too long before an Internet connection simply follows you wherever you go.
小题1:The underlined part “a catch” (in Paragraph 2) probably means “_____”.| A．a rare challenge | B．a desirable plan | C．an efficient device | D．a hidden problem |
小题2:What can we know from the third paragraph?| A．Internet connection has not been popular in most cities. | | B．Internet service providers care about rural（农村的）customers. | | C．Computer is popular in developing countries. | | D．It is hard to bring Internet access to users in remote areas. |
小题3:Paragraph 4 mainly tells us that technological advancements _____.| A．make TV and telephone available everywhere | | B．bring great change to people’s everyday life | | C．make it possible for more people to use the Internet | | D．bring faster Internet connections to users |
小题4:What may eventually settle the “last mile” problem?| A．The broadband connection’s getting faster. | | B．More and more Internet users. | | C．more and more Internet connections. | | D．The rapid progress in cell phone technology. |
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Motherhood may make women smarter and may help prevent dementia(痴呆) in old age by bathing the brain in protective hormones(荷尔蒙) , U.S. researchers reported on Thursday.
Tests on rats show that those who raise two or more litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies, and their brains show changes that suggest they may be protected against diseases such as Alzheimer’s (早老痴呆症). University of Richmond psychology professor Craig Kinsley believes his findings will translate into humans.
“Our research shows that the hormones of pregnancy (怀孕) are protecting the brain, including estrogen (雌激素), which we know has many neuroprotective (保护神经的) effects,” Kinsley said.
“It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals,” he added in a telephone interview. “They go through pregnancy and hormonal changes.”
Kinsley said he hoped public health officials and researchers will look to see if having had children protects a woman from Alzheimer’s and other forms of age-related brain decline.
“When people think about pregnancy, they think about what happens to babies and the mother from the neck down,” said Kinsley, who presented his findings to the annual meeting of the Society of Neuroscience in Orlando, Florida.
“They do not realize that hormones are washing on the brain. If you look at female animals who have never gone through pregnancy, they act differently toward young. But if she goes through pregnancy, she will sacrifice her life for her infant—that is a great change in her behavior that showed in genetic alterations(改变) to the brain.”
小题1:How do scientists know “Motherhood may make women smarter”?| A．Some researchers have told them. | | B．Many women say so. | | C．They know it by experimenting on rats. | | D．They know it through their own experience. |
小题2:What does the phrase “litters of pups” mean in the second paragraph?| A．Baby rats. | B．Animals. | C．Old rats. | D．Grown-up rats. |
小题3:What can protect the brain of a woman according to the passage?| A．Estrogen. | B．The hormones of pregnancy. | | C．More exercise. | D．Taking care of children. |
小题4:“It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals.” What does the sentence suggest?| A．The experiments on the rats have nothing to do with humans. | | B．The experiments on the rats are very important for animals. | | C．The experiments on the rats are much the same on humans. | | D．The experiments on the rats are much the same on other animals. |
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When people talk of a virus these days, chances are that they are talking about computer virus that have the power wipe out all the valuable work people may have stored in their computers. Imagine, the virus has the power to make military systems, giant banks, airports, hospitals and traffic system come to stop!
What does a computer virus do? It targets electronic objects that are programmed. The virus spreads through connections between these electronic objects. For virus spreading experts, e-mail is a favorite method of sending their destructive (破坏性的) weapon.
But scientists warn that this is not the worst that can happen. There is more. People are also connected through phones. The next virus may actually target mobile phones, especially those that are programmed to do many tasks apart from just communicating. It would then be easy for a virus to infect those programs and create major disorder.
For example, these virus may have the power to record your phone conversations and make others hear them. They create problems with your electronic money accounts, or they could create a mountain of telephone bills for calls you never made. And that would be a disaster. A report on this was published in the New Scientist recently.
One way out would be to have simpler phones with not so many different functions. This would mean there would mean there would be fewer programs for the virus to attack. But mobile phone producers are in a fix. People on longer want an electronic item to perform just one task. They want more and more functions added. That would mean more software programs to make the mobile phone perform all those functions. And that means the possibility of more viruses.
小题1:It can be inferred from the passage that ______.| A．computer viruses are not so as destructive as mobile phone viruses | | B．people should be careful when receiving e-mails | | C．people find it difficult to use electronic equipment correctly | | D．having electronic money accounts brings people a lot of convenience |
小题2:Which of the following shows that your mobile phone is infected with a virus?| A．You can’t hear the person who answers the phone clearly | | B．You can’t send e-mails with your mobile phone | | C．your phone bill increases for unknown reasons | | D．You can hear other people’s phone conversations |
小题3:What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?| A．Mobile phone producers have made no progress. | | B．Mobile phone producers are proud of their products. | | C．Mobile phone producers are faced with a difficult situation. | | D．Mobile phone producers refused to fight against virus. |
小题4:For whom is the passage written?| A．Government officials | B．Virus spreading experts | | C．Electronic scientists | D．Mobile phone users |
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You never see them, but they"re with you every time you fly. They record where you are going, how fast you"re traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book. They"re known as the black box.
When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India ocean June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine (潜水艇) detected the device"s homing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed.
In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first mode for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was completely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane – the area least subject to（易遭受）impact – from its original position in the landing wells (起落架舱). The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility.
Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots" conversations, and a flight-data recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircraft"s final moments. Placed in an insulated (隔绝的) case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can withstand massive force and temperatures up to 2,000℉. When submerged, they"re also able to emit signals from depths of 20,000 ft.
Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1, 2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they"re still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane"s black boxes were never recovered.
小题1:What information could be found from the black box on the Yemeni airliner?| A．Data for analyzing the cause of the crash. | | B．The total number of passengers on board. | | C．The scene of the crash and extent of the damage. | | D．Homing signals sent by the pilot before the crash. |
小题2:Why was the black box redesigned in 1965?| A．New materials became available by that time. | | B．Too much space was needed for its installation. | | C．The early models often got damaged in the crash. | | D．The early models didn"t provide the needed data. |
小题3:Why did the Federal Aviation Authority require the black boxes be painted orange or yellow?| A．To distinguish them from the colour of the plane. | | B．To caution people to handle them with care. | | C．To make them easily identifiable. | | D．To obey international standards |
小题4:What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447?| A．There is still a good chance of their being recovered. | | B．There is an urgent need for them to be reconstructed. | | C．They have stopped sending homing signals. | | D．They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil. |
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It"s not just adults who have a thing or two to discuss with other people, babies too have their own social lives and enjoy group interaction, according to a world-first study.
The breakthrough study conducted by psychologist Professor Ben Bradley, at Charles Sturt University, could completely transform the way child-care centers are set up. In their study, the researchers examined groups of nine-month-old babies in new South Wales and Britain.
And they came across astonishing results—it was found that infants had “social brains” and focused not just on their mothers but on social 1ife in groups as well,
“They communicate with more than one baby at once，and show jealousy and generousness，”said Professor Bradley．
He added，“They develop their own meanings through group interaction，they notice if a group member is behaving differently and they take on roles，such as leaders and followers．”
“A baby who has a depressed mother tends to be withdrawn(内向的)，but put that same baby in a group of its peers(同龄人)and they behave and interact like any other baby．”
It was the first all-baby group study ever to be conducted．“Most studies of babies concentrate on the infant-mother relationship，assuming that is the single foundation for mental health．but babies are constantly involved with groups of people other than their mothers：fathers，siblings，grandparents and those taking care．Therefore。the ‘mother-baby approach’ needs to be combined with a‘ group approach’．”said Bradley．
Phoebe Christison ，a child-care worker at Camperdown Sunshine Bubs in Sydney’s inner west．said she often noticed what appeared．to be emotional attachments developed between toddlers．
She said，“Joel(10 months)and Isabella (11months)always like to hold hands when they sit in their high chairs and eat．And babies definitely show jealousy．They push and touch each other，and copy what the other is doing．”
小题1:A baby who has a depressed mother ____ ．| A．tends to be a follower | | B．also enjoys group interaction | | C．has poor social ability | | D．pays more attention to its mother |
小题2:What can be inferred from the result of this study?| A．Babies are affected by groups more than by their mothers． | | B．There’s no need of child-care centers at a11． | | C． Adults should include babies when having social activities． | | D．The normal infant-mother bond alone isn’t enough for the good mental health for babies． |
小题3:The underlined word “toddlers” in Para．8 can be replaced by_________| A．adults | B．infants | C．peers | D．groups |
小题4:The example given in the last paragraph proves that a baby________ .| A．is born to be friendly to other babies | | B．has interest in peers as well as in its mother | | C．may have emotional attachments to another baby | | D．shows jealousy and generousness as an adult |
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