Some scientists say that animals in the ocean are increasingly threatened by noi
题型：不详难度：来源：
Some scientists say that animals in the ocean are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings. The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities. It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds. These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves.
Decibels(分贝) measured in water are different from those measured on land. A noise of 120 decibels on land causes pain to human ears. In water, a decible level of 195 would have the same effect.
Some scientists have suggested setting a noise limit of 120 decibles in oceans. They have observed that noises above that level can frighten and confuse whales.
A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that loud noises could seriously injure some animals. The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing, which seriously affected the whales’ ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died. The explosions had caused their ears to bleed and become infected(感染的).
Many researches whose work depends on ocean sounds disagree with a limit of 120 decibels. They say such a limit would mean an end to important industrial and scientific research.
Scientists do not know how many and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean animals. However, many scientists suspect that noise is a greater danger than they previously believed. They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean.
小题1:The second paragraph mainly tells us that the noises on land and in water .| A．are both from human activities. | | B．both do harm to sea animals | | C．are measured differently | | D．have the same effect on humans |
小题2:As to(依据) the effects of noises on whales, which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?| A．They are deaf to noises. | | B．Noises at a certain level may hurt them. | | C．They are easily confused by noises. | | D．Noises will limit their ability to reproduce. |
小题3:Many researchers think that the noise limit of 120 decibels would .| A．protect whales from noises | | B．benefit them a lot in their research work | | C．do good to their health | | D．increase industrial output |
小题4:What will scientists most probably do in the future?| A．Count the number of sea animals. | | B．Stop their research on the ocean. | | C．Study the effect of different noises. | | D．Protect sea creatures from harmful noises. |
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答案
小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:A
小题4:D |
解析
试题分析：文章介绍噪音可能伤害鲸鱼，及如何保护鲸鱼免受噪音的危害。
小题1:细节题;从第二段的第一句话Decibels(分贝) measured in water are different from those measured on land.可知陆地上和水里的分贝测量是不一样的，选C
小题2:细节题：从第四段的第二句和第三句话可知一定程度的噪音可能伤害鲸鱼。选B
小题3:推理题：从第三段的句子:They have observed that noises above that level can frighten and confuse whales.可以推断出120分贝的噪音限制可以保护鲸鱼免受噪音的危害。选A。
小题4:细节题：从最后一段的句子：They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean.
可知答案是D。
点评：以细节题的考查为主，在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。 |
举一反三
The UK"s education system is ranked（排列） sixth best in the developed world, according to a global league table published by education firm Pearson in October,2012.
The first and second places are taken by Finland and South Korea.The rankings combine international test results and data such as graduation rates between 2006 and 2010.
Sir Michael Barber, Pearson"s chief education adviser, says successful countries give teachers a high status and have a "culture" of education.
International comparisons in education have become increasingly significant - and this latest league table is based upon a series of global test results combined with measures of education systems, such as how many people go on to university.
The two education superpowers - Finland and South Korea - are followed by three other high-performing Asian education systems - Hong Kong, Japan and Singapore.
The UK is then only ranked at the head of an above-average group including the Netherlands, New Zealand, Canada and Ireland.
These are ahead of a middle-ranking group including the United States, Germany and France. At the lowest end are Mexico, Brazil and Indonesia.
These comparisons draw upon tests that are taken every three or four years, in areas such as maths, science and literacy - and so present a picture lagging by several years.
Looking at education systems that succeed, the study concludes that spending is important, but not as much as having a culture that is supportive of learning.
It says that spending is easier to measure, but the more complex impact of a society"s attitude to education can make a big difference.
The success of Asian countries in these rankings reflects the high value attached to education and the expectations of parents. This can continue to be a factor when families migrate to other countries, says the report.
Looking at the two top countries - Finland and South Korea - the report says that there are many big differences, but the common factor is a shared social belief in the importance of education and its "underlying moral purpose".
小题1:What’s the main idea of the passage?| A．The two different education superpowers | | B．The result of one report about education system . | | C．The UK"s education system is worst. | | D．Finland and South Korea’S education system |
小题2:According to Sir Michael Barber, Hong Kong’s education system is ranked in the world.小题3:All of the following statements is NOT true EXCEPT ________. | A．At the lowest end are Mexico, Brazil and Indonesia. | | B．Education firm Pearson is disappointed at The UK"s education system. | | C．The United States’ education system is one of the best. | | D．There are many big differences in Finland and South Korea. |
小题4:What does the underlined phrase “comparisons” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?小题5:What’s the common factor about the education system at the two top countries?
A. The shared social belief in the importance of education and its "underlying moral purpose".
B. The developed economy.
C The high value attached to education and the expectations of parents.
D. Having a culture that is supportive of learning. |
For most people, shopping is still a matter of wandering down the street or loading a cart in a shopping mall．Soon, that will change．Electronic commerce （trade） is growing fast and will soon bring people more choices．There will, however, be a cost: protecting the consumer from being cheated will be harder．Many governments therefore want to apply street regulations to the electronic world．But politicians would be wiser to see cyberspace as a basis for a new era of corporate self-regulation．
Consumers in rich countries have grown used to the idea that the government takes responsibility for everything for the stability of the banks to the safety of the drugs or their rights to refund when goods are faulty．But governments cannot enforce national laws on businesses whose only presence is on the screen．Even in a country where a clear right to compensation exists, the on-line customer in Tokyo, say, can hardly go to New York to get a refund for a clothes purchase．
One answer is for government to cooperate more: to recognize each other’s rules．But that requires years of work and volumes of detailed rules．And plenty of countries have rules too fanciful for sober countries to accept．There is, however, another choice．Let the electronic businesses do the regulation themselves．They do, after all, have a self-interest in doing so．
In electronic commerce, a reputation for honest dealing will be a valuable competitive asset．Governments, too, may compete to be trusted．For instance, customers ordering medicines on-line may prefer to buy from the United States because they trust the rigorous screening of the Food and Drug Administration; or they may decide that the FDA’s rules are too strict, and buy from Switzerland instead．
Customers will still need to use their judgment．But precisely because the technology is new, electronic shoppers are likely for a while to be a lot more cautious than customers of the normal sort．And the new technology will also make it easier for them to complain when a company lets them down．In this way, at least, the advent of cyberspace may argue for fewer consumer protection laws, not more．
小题1:According to the author, what will be the best policy for electronic commerce?| A．Self-regulation by the business． | B．Strict consumer protection laws． | | C．Close international cooperation． | D．Government protection． |
小题2:In case an electronic shopper bought faulty goods from a foreign country, what could he do?| A．Refuse to pay for the purchase． | B．Go to the seller and ask for a refund． | | C．Appeal to consumer protection law． | D．Complain about it on the Internet． |
小题3:In the author’s view, businesses would place a high emphasis on honest dealing because in the electronic world _________________________________．| A．international cooperation would be much more frequent | | B．consumers could easily seek government protection | | C．a good reputation is a great advantage in competition | | D．it would be easy for consumers to complain |
小题4:We can infer from the passage that in licensing new drugs the FDA in the United States is ____________________．| A．very quick | B．very cautious | C．very slow | D．rather careless |
小题5:If a customer buys something that does not meet his expectation, what is the advantage of dealing through electronic commerce over the present normal one?| A．It will be easier for him to return the goods he is not satisfied with． | | B．It will be easier for him to attain the refund from the seller． | | C．It will be easier for him to get his complaints heard by other consumers． | | D．It will be easier for him to complain about this to the government． |
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Gauri Nanda sees a wearable computer as a handbag — one that’s built out of four-inch squares and triangles of fiber, with tiny computer chips embedded (嵌入) in it. It looks, feels and weighs like your typical leather purse.
That’s where similarities end: This bag can wirelessly keep track of your belongings and remind you, just as you’re about to leave the house, to take your wallet. It can review the weather report and suggest that you grab an umbrella. This purse can even upload your favorite songs onto your scarf.
Sure, a computing purse and scarf set may seem like the stuff of science fiction. But these devices, part of next generation of wearable computers, could become commonplace within a few years. DuPont created new super strong fibers that can conduct electricity and can be woven into ordinary-looking clothes. And the chipmaker developed chip packaging allowing wearable computers to be washed, even in the heavy-duty cycle.
As a result, these new wearable devices are different from the heavy and downright silly versions of the recent past, which often required users to be wrapped in wires and type on their stomachs. Unlike their predecessors, these new wearable computers also make economic sense. When her bag becomes commercially available in two to three years, Nanda expects it will cost around $150, which is the price of an average leather purse.
Here’s how the bag works: You place a special radio-signal-transmitting chip on to your wallet. A similar radio in your purse picks up the signal and notifies you that you’ve forgotten to take your wallet. In turn, sensors on your purse’s handles will notify the computer that you’ve picked up the purse and are ready to go.
Already, these new kinds of wearable devices are being adopted for use in markets like auto repair, emergency services, medical monitoring — and even, increasingly, for consumers at large. Indeed, more people will want to cross that bridge in the coming years — making for a booming market for wearable computers that don’t like something out of science fiction.
小题1:Which of the following describes a wearable computer?| A．It can be washed in a washing machine. | | B．It is much heavier than a leather purse. | | C．It can download songs from the Internet. | | D．It is made of clothes conducting electricity. |
小题2:According to the passage, these new wearable computers ________________________.| A．require users to operate on the stomach | | B．pick up the signals through wires and chip | | C．are being applied in some different areas now | | D．are smarter but more expensive than the old ones |
小题3:What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?| A．These new wearable computers have become fashionable. | | B．People would like to learn more about these new computers. | | C．These new wearable computers promise to sell well in the future. | | D．The idea of these purse-like computers comes from science fiction. |
小题4:The purpose of the passage is ________________________________________.| A．to introduce a new kind of computer | B．to explain the function of computers | | C．to compare different types of computers | D．to show how high technology affects our life |
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Some years ago industries had more freedom than they have now, and they did not need to be as careful as they must today. They did not need to worry a lot about the safety of the new products that they developed. They did not have to pay much attention to the health and safety of the people who worked for them. Often new products were dangerous for the people who used them; often conditions in the work place had very bad effects on the health of the workers.
Of course sometimes there were real disasters which attracted the attention of governments and which showed the need for changes. Also scientists who were doing research into the health of workers sometimes produced information which governments could not ignore. At such times, they inquire into the causes of the disasters or the problems. New safety rules were often introduced as a result of these inquiries; however. the new rules came too late to protect the people who died or who became seriously ill.
Today many governments have special departments which protect customers and workers．In the U.S, for example, there is a department which tests new airplanes and gives warnings about possible problems. It also makes the rules that aircraft producers must follow. Another department controls the foods and drugs that companies sell. A third department looks at the places where people work. and then reports any companies that are breaking the laws which protect the health and safety of workers. Of course, new government departments and new laws cannot prevent every accident or illness. but they are having some good results. Our work places are safer and cleaner than before. The planes and cars which we use for travel are better. Producers are thinking more about the safety and health of the people who buy and use their products.
小题1:The main topic of the passage is ___________________________________________.| A．conditions in the work place | B．the freedom of industries in the past | | C．changes in industrial production | D．the safety and health of workers and customers |
小题2:It can be inferred from the passage that in the past __________________________.| A．workers often got ill because of the poor working conditions | | B．companies were free to put out any products they wanted to | | C．many people were killed by dangerous products | | D．industries were as careful in management as they are today |
小题3:It is implied (暗示) in the passage that ________________________________________.| A．governments and companies had different opinions about the safety of products | | B．governments paid little attention to the safety of products | | C．government officials often did not listen to scientists | | D．in the past no safety laws were introduced by governments |
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Jeremy Shu-How Lin, who was born in California, 1988, world-famous now，is the first Chinese-American professional basketball player with the New York Knicks of NBA.
It hasn"t been an easy road for Lin. After high school, Lin sent his resume(简历) and a DVD of highlights to all the Ivy League schools, and his dream schools Stanford and UCLA. Harvard and Brown were the only schools that guaranteed him a spot on their basketball teams, but Ivy League schools do not offer athletic scholarships.
After graduating from Harvard University, Lin went undrafted in the 2010 NBA Draft . Lin spent his first season with his hometown the Golden State Warriors. He saw limited minutes with the Warriors, but was cheered in arenas(比赛场) around the country, particularly in cities with large Asian communities, as fans came out in crowds to cheer their homegrown star. In late 2011, Lin spent less than two weeks with the Houston Rockets, moving to the New York Knicks at the very end of the year.
He has made several trips to the NBA"s Development League, a minor league for players who show promise but need seasoning before they can compete at the highest level. It appears to have paid off. In February 2012, after keying the Knicks victory over New Jersey, Lin was named the starter for the Utah game, a position he appears to have a hold on in the short term, as Baron Davis, who signed in December to play the position, stays on the disabled list. Lin will likely get stronger the more minutes he plays, and even if Davis returns, spelling the older, recovering player could be productive for Lin: a proven good student who can learn a lot from practicing against a veteran.
Without the services of All-Stars Carmelo and Amare, Lin led New York to a 4-0 record last week. He became the first player in NBA history to record at least 20 points and seven assists in each of his first four starts, which generated a global following known as Linsanity. The Associated Press called Lin "the most Surprising story in the NBA".
小题1:From the passage we can know that Lin ．| A．enjoyed himself in the Houston Rockets | | B．used to be a leader in the New York Knicks | | C．is a proven good student who can learn a lot from other players. | | D．led New York to success with the help of some All- Stars. |
小题2:According to the passage, which statement is true? | A．Harvard offered Lin an athletic scholarship． | | B．Harvard and Brown make sure of Lin"s position on their basketball teams． | | C．Stanford and Harvard were Lin"s dream schools． | | D．Lin’s DVD impressed all the Ivy League schools greatly． |
小题3:Which of the following can be the main idea of this text?| A．How the word Linsanity came into being． | B．Introduction to Jeremy Shu-How Lin． | | C．How Lin becomes successful． | D．Lin and New York Knicks |
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