With the Tesla Roadster and other plugin (插入式) electric vehicles hitting th
题型：福建省期末题难度：来源：
With the Tesla Roadster and other plugin (插入式) electric vehicles hitting the road, demand isgrowing for accessible refueling points to recharge them. Carbon Day Automotive, a Chicagobased
company, has now demonstrated a solarpowered recharging point, known as the Solar PlugIn Station,
which lets motorists easily charge their cars using electricity that has been produced without any
environmental damage.
The Solar PlugIn Station has gone on show in Chicago as part of the city"s bid to host the 2016
Olympic Games. According to Carbon Day Automotive, the Solar PlugIn Station on show in Chicago is
part of the vital infrastructure(基础设施) required for electric vehicles in Chicago and was the focus of
a recent visit by the International Olympic Committee.
These solarpowered electricity points will be used daily to fuel the city"s electric vehicles with power from the sun. By producing the electricity from pollutionfree solar cell, the CO2 emissions are reduced to
zero. "Solar energy and e
lectric vehicles ar
e a partnership that is one more step to reducing our dependence on foreign oil," says Richard Lowenthal, CEO of Coulomb Technologies. Coulomb
Technologies recently developed the components (部件) required for individual recharging stations,
marketed as ChargePoint Networked Charging Stations. Carbon Day Automotive is the Midwest
distributor for the ChargePoint stations. The Solar PlugIn Station consists of giant solar panels (电池板)
that shade the tiny ChargePoint Networked Charging Station.The solar panel is connected to an
underground battery pack, ready for everyday refueling.
"Without these stations it would be like driving around in a traditional car without the availability of
gas stations," says Scott Emalfarb, CEO at Carbon Day. "The day of true plugin electric vehicles will be
here sooner than most people realize and the world needs to be ready to accommodate them."
B. it makes up for the lack of electricity
C. it’s a new idea and attracts people"s attention
D. it brings convenience to electric vehicle users
B. the Solar PlugIn Station will come into use in 2016
C. the Solar PlugIn Station has gone on show internationally
D. Chicago is promoting the use of electric vehicles
a. Tesla Roadster is a kind of plugin electric vehicle.
b. The Solar PlugIn Station uses solar power to charge all of the cars.
c. Chicago is a city, which is rich in oil.
d. The Solar PlugIn Station consists of underground battery packs.
e. Scott Emalfarb is optimistic about the future of plugin electric vehi
cles. B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
B. the citizens of Chicago will be able to go to work faster
C. more space for electric vehicles will be needed
D. the cost of electric vehicles will be lower than traditional cars
5. What would be the best title for the passage?B. Chicago Calls on People to Buy Electric Vehicles
C. Chicago Fights for
Its Bid to Host the 2016 OlympicsD. Chicago Shows Its Solarpowered Recharging Stations
答案
举一反三
sitting in a car outside it, causally tapping away at a laptop. They look like innocent passers-by. In fact,
they are stealing your corporate secrets.
Drive-by hacking is the trendy term given to the practice of breaking into wireless computer networks
from outside the buildings that house them. A recent study in the UK, sponsored by RSA Data Security,
found that two-thirds of organizations with wireless networks were risking their data in this way. Security
experts patrolled (巡逻) several streets in the City of London seeking evidence of wireless networks in
operation.
Of 124 that they identified, 83 were sending data without encrypting（加密）them. Such data could
readily be picked up by a passer-by armed only with a portable computer, a wireless modem and a few
pieces of software that can be freely downloaded from t
he Internet.The data could include sensitive company documents containing valuable information. Or they could
be e-mail identities and passwords that could be used by hackers to log into corporate networks as if
they were legal users.
Most companies using wireless networking technology do not take even the simplest of measures to
protect their data. Nearly all wireless network technology comes with some basic security features that
need only to be activated (激活) in order to give a minimum level of security, for example, by encrypting
the data being passed over the network.
Raymon Kruck, business development manager at Check Point Software, a security technology
specialist, believes this could be partly a psychological problem. People see the solid walls of their
building as safeguards and forget that wireles
s networks can extend up to 200 meters beyond physical walls.
Companies without any security at all on their wireless networks make it ridiculously easy for hackers
to break in. Switching on the security that comes with the network technology should be automatic. Then
there are other basic steps a company can take, says Mr. Kruck, such as changing the passwords on the
network from the default (默认) setting.
Companies can also install firewalls, which form a barrier between the internal network and the public
Internet. They should also check their computer records regularly to spot any abnormal activity, which
might betray the presence of a hacker.
B. depended on wireless computer networks
C. were exposed to drive-by hacking
D. were unaware of the risk of wireless hacking
of the following is NOT considered in the study?B. The number of wireless computer networks identified.
C. The way in which data are sent and received.
D. The way in which data are hacked and stolen.
B. password security programs
C. illegal-user detection
D. firewall
B. changes in user"s awareness
C. users" psychological health
D. stronger physical walls
B. science fiction
C. textbook
D. computer magazine
opinions. But recent data has indeed shown cognitive (认知的) ability to be higher in some countries
than in others. What"s more, IQ scores have risen as nations develop—a phenomenon known as the
"Flynn effect". Many causes have been put forward for both the intelligence difference and the Flynn
effect, including education, income, and even non-agricultural labor. Now, a new study from researchers
at the University of New Mexico offers another interesting theory: intelligence may be linked to
infectious-disease rates.
[2]The brain, say author Christopher Eppig and his colleagues, is the "most costly organ in the human
body". Brainpower consumes almost up to 90 percent of a newborn"s energy. It"s clear that if something
affects energy intake while the brain is growing, the impact could be long and serious. And for vast parts
of the globe, the biggest threat to a child"s body -- and therefore brain—is parasitic (由寄生虫引起的)
infection. These illnesses threaten brain development __________. They can directly atta
ck live tissue, which the body must then try every means to replace. They can invade the digestive pipe and block
nutritional intake. They can rob the body"s cells for their own reproduction. And then there"s the energy
channeled (输送) to the immune system to fight the infection.
[3] Using data on national "disease burdens" (life years lost due to infectious diseases) and average
intelligence scores, the authors found they are closely associated. The countries with the lowest average
IQ scores have the highest disease burdens without exception. On the contrary, nations with low disease
burdens top the IQ list.
[4]If the study holds water, it could be revolutionary for our unde
rstanding of the still-confusing variation in national intelligence scores.
1. What is the main idea of the text? (no more than 10 words)
____________________________________________________________________
2. Complete the following statement with proper words. (no more than 4 words)
Those countries that have the___________ are always at the bottom of the IQ list.
3. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 5 words)
4. What can cause intelligence difference? (no more than 8 words)
5. What does the word "they" (Line 3, Paragraph 3) probably refer to? (no more than 8 words)
being taken seriously by many researchers.
This suggested future for the "red planet" will be the main topic for discussion at an international
conference hosted by NASA (美国宇航局) this week. Leading researchers as well as science fiction
writers will attend the event. It comes as NASA is preparing a multibilliondollar Mars research
programme. "Turning Mars into a little earth has long been a topic in science fiction," said Dr Michael
Meyer, NASA"s senior scientist for astrobiology (太空生物学). "Now, with scientists exploring the
reality, we can ask what are the real possibilities of changing Mars."
Most scientists agree that Mars could be turned into a little earth, although much time and money
would be needed to achieve this goal.
But many experts are shocked by the idea.“We are destroying our own world at an unbelievable
speed and now we are talking about ruining another planet, ” said Paul Murdin, of the Institute of
Astronomy, Cambridge, UK. Over the past months, scientists have become increasingly confident they
will find Martian life forms.Europe and America"s robot explorers have found proof that water, mixed
with soil, exists in large amounts on the planet.
In addition, two different groups of scientistsannounced on March 28 that they had found signs of
methane (甲烷) in the Martian atmosphere (大气). The gas is a waste product of living creatures and
could be produced by microbes (微生物) living in the red planet"s soil.
But scientists such as Dr Lisa Pratt, a biologist at Indiana University, say that these microbes will be
put in danger by the little earth project. "Before we have even discovered if there is life on Mars, we are
talking about carrying out projects that would destroy all these native life forms, all the strange microbes
that we hope to find buried in the soil," said Dr Pratt.This view is shared by Monica Grady, a planetary
scientist at the Natural History Museum, London. "We cannot risk starting a global experiment that would wipe out the precious information we are looking for." she said, "This is just wrong."
B. the necessity of changing Mars
C. Mars supporting life
D. finding water in the Mars
B. The project will cost too much money and work.
C. We would ruin Mars.
D. We are destroying our own world at an unbelievable speed.
B. the project will have little effect on the native life forms supposed to live on the Mars
C. Monica Grady is in favour of carrying out the little earth project
D. the idea turning Mars into a little earth is nothing but a science fiction
B. Scientists found signs of methane in the Martian atmosphere.
C. Scientists found a lot of good soil on the Mars.
D. Scientists found some creatures living on the Mars.
accomplished is not IQ, a generally bad predictor of success. Instead, it"s purposeful
practice. Top performers spend more hours practising their craft. If you wanted to
picture how a typical genius might develop, you"d take a girl who possessed a slightly
above average language ability. It wouldn"t have to be a big talent, just enough so that
she might gain some sense of distinction. Then you would want her to meet, say, a
novelist, who coincidentally shared some similar qualities. Maybe the writer was from
the same town, had the same family background, or shared the same birthday.
This contact would give the girl a vision of her future self. It would give her some
idea of a fascinating circle she might someday join. It would also help if one of her parents
died when she was 12, giving her a strong sense of insecurity and fuelling a desperate need
for success. Armed with this ambition, she would read novels and life stories of writers
without end. This would give her a primary knowledge of her field. She"d be able to see
new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings.
Then she would practise writing. Her practice would be slow, painstaking and errorfocused.
By practising in this way, she delays the automatizing process. Her mind wants to turn conscious,
newly learned skills into unconscious, automatically performed skills. By practising slowly, by
breaking skills down into tiny parts and repeating, she forces the brain to internalize a better
pattern of performance. Then she would find an adviser who would provide a constant stream
of feedback, viewing her performance from the outside, correcting the smallest errors, pushing
her to take on tougher challenges. By now she is redoing problems-how do I get characters into
a room-dozens and dozens of times. She is establishing habits of thought she can call upon in order
to understand or solve future problems.
The primary quality our young writer possesses is not some mysterious genius. It"s the ability to
develop a purposeful, laborious and boring practice routine. The latest research takes some of the
magic out of great achievement. But it underlines a fact that is often neglected. Public discussion is
affected by genetics and what we"re "hardwired" to do. And it"s true that genes play a role in our
capabilities. But the brain is also very plastic. We construct ourselves through behaviour.
B．the relationship between genius and success
C．the decisive factor in making a genius
D．the way of gaining some sense of distinction
B．join a fascinating circle of writers someday
C．share with a novelist her likes and dislikes
D．learn from the living examples to establish a sense of security
B．her writing turns into an automatic pattern of performance
C．she acquires the magic of some great achievement
D．she comes to realize she is "hardwired" to write
B．A responsible adviser is more important than the knowledge of writing.
C．As to the growth of a genius, IQ doesn"t matter, but just his/her effort.
D．What really matters is what you do rather than who you are.
changed the flights across the Atlantic Ocean, leaving hundreds of passengers stuck in airports.
Grimsvom is one of the largest and most active volcanoes in Europe. What makes Grimsvom
different is that it lies under a huge glacier(冰川) of ice up to 12 meters thick. The hot volcano
heats up the ice above it, which then forms a layer(层)of water between the glacier and the volcano.
This layer of water puts pressure on the volcano, keeping it stable. As the water flows out from under
the glacier, the pressure lifts. The lava(岩浆) from the volcano then comes up to the surface. This is
exactly what happened today.
Now, airlines have to make changes to their flights so as not to fly through the clouds of volcanic
ash. According to KLM,one of Europe"s biggest airlines, airplanes cannot go under the cloud or over
it. Going through the cloud can result in ash getting stuck in the airplane"s engines, causing damage to
the plane.
The eruption has also caused problems for animals in Iceland. The volcano left ash and sharp
glasslike rocks all over the countryside. Farmers are keeping their animals inside to stop them from
eating ashcovered grass or the sharp object.
B．It lies under the sea.
C．It is the largest volcano.
D．Its lava affects the airlines.
B．The low water temperature.
C．The thick glacier.
D．The water pressure.
B．Airlines suffer from the loss of planes.
C．It becomes dangerous for animals to eat outside.
D．Farmers have lost many of their animals.
B．a newspaper report
C．a class presentation
D．a geography textbook
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