阅读理解。 A Northern Ireland team is leading a research to develop a thinking co
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A Northern Ireland team is leading a research to develop a thinking computer which can sense a user"s mood.Researchers at Queen"s University in Belfast hope to complete the 10 million Euro project for an emotionsensitive computer within four years. The aim is to enable computers to think and behave more like humans.The Europewide project is being led by the university"s School of Psychology and involves 160 researchers from 27 institutions.The university"s researchers developed the scheme and signed the contract with the European Commission.The academics said the work will build upon attempts to create "multimodal interfaces (多模式界面)" which allow machines to sense and respond to the moods of the user. Programme leader Professor Roddy Cowie said while it sounds like science fiction, computers which respond to human emotion will appear in the future."At the moment, our use of computers is limited by the fact that we need a keyboard and a screen to access them," he said."It would make a big difference if we could interact with them by speaking normally-perhaps through a microphone and a transmitter (传感器)." But emotion is part of normal speech, and experience has shown that most users are deeply uncomfortable with speech interfaces that ignore it-too uncomfortable to use them very much."If we can make computers more intuitive (富于直觉的) and expressive, and also less challenging to use, there is great potential to let people make fuller use of information technology." The emotionsensitive computer would have its own "personality" and establish a social relationship with the user."It"s a fair bet that in 30 years" time, emotionsensitive interfaces will be as much part of life as windowandmouse interfaces are now," said Professor Cowie.The project team believes such computers will play a major role in teaching and learning. |
1.Which of the following statements is TRUE about the project? |
A.It aims to create an emotionsensitive computer. B.It can create a 10 million Euro profit. C.It is led by a Southern Ireland team. D.It has been completed within four years. |
2.How will computers sense users" moods? |
A.Through a screen. B.Through a keyboard. C.Through the voice of users. D.Through multimodal interfaces. |
3.We can infer from the passage that a person"s emotion________. |
A.varies from time to time B.is determined by his own personality C.plays an important role in normal speech D.makes people uncomfortable when one is speaking |
4.What conclusion can we draw from the last paragraph? |
A.Emotionsensitive computers can talk freely as human beings. B.It will be difficult for people to use emotionsensitive computers. C.Emotionsensitive computers have been widely used in teaching. D.It will be common for people to use emotionsensitive computers in the future. |
答案
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With the Tesla Roadster and other plugin (插入式) electric vehicles hitting the road, demand is growing for accessible refueling points to recharge them. Carbon Day Automotive, a Chicagobased company, has now demonstrated a solarpowered recharging point, known as the Solar PlugIn Station, which lets motorists easily charge their cars using electricity that has been produced without any environmental damage. The Solar PlugIn Station has gone on show in Chicago as part of the city"s bid to host the 2016 Olympic Games. According to Carbon Day Automotive, the Solar PlugIn Station on show in Chicago is part of the vital infrastructure(基础设施) required for electric vehicles in Chicago and was the focus of a recent visit by the International Olympic Committee. These solarpowered electricity points will be used daily to fuel the city"s electric vehicles with power from the sun. By producing the electricity from pollutionfree solar cell, the CO2 emissions are reduced to zero. "Solar energy and electric vehicles are a partnership that is one more step to reducing our dependence on foreign oil," says Richard Lowenthal, CEO of Coulomb Technologies. Coulomb Technologies recently developed the components (部件) required for individual recharging stations, marketed as ChargePoint Networked Charging Stations. Carbon Day Automotive is the Midwest distributor for the ChargePoint stations. The Solar PlugIn Station consists of giant solar panels (电池板) that shade the tiny ChargePoint Networked Charging Station.The solar panel is connected to an underground battery pack, ready for everyday refueling. "Without these stations it would be like driving around in a traditional car without the availability of gas stations," says Scott Emalfarb, CEO at Carbon Day. "The day of true plugin electric vehicles will be here sooner than most people realize and the world needs to be ready to accommodate them." |
1. The Solar PlugIn Station is used as part of the bid to host the Olympics mainly because ________. |
A. it"s environmentally friendly B. it makes up for the lack of electricity C. it’s a new idea and attracts people"s attention D. it brings convenience to electric vehicle users |
2. We can learn from the passage that ________. |
A. to recharge the electric vehicles takes a long time B. the Solar PlugIn Station will come into use in 2016 C. the Solar PlugIn Station has gone on show internationally D. Chicago is promoting the use of electric vehicles |
3. According to the passage,how many of the following statements are TRUE? a. Tesla Roadster is a kind of plugin electric vehicle. b. The Solar PlugIn Station uses solar power to charge all of the cars. c. Chicago is a city, which is rich in oil. d. The Solar PlugIn Station consists of underground battery packs. e. Scott Emalfarb is optimistic about the future of plugin electric vehicles. |
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. |
4. The passage implies that when the Solar PlugIn Station becomes popular,________. |
A. more visitors will come to Chicago B. the citizens of Chicago will be able to go to work faster C. more space for electric vehicles will be needed D. the cost of electric vehicles will be lower than traditional cars |
5. What would be the best title for the passage? |
A. Chicago Will Soon Be Full of Electric Vehicles B. Chicago Calls on People to Buy Electric Vehicles C. Chicago Fights for Its Bid to Host the 2016 Olympics D. Chicago Shows Its Solarpowered Recharging Stations |
They may be just passing your office, computer bag slung (悬挂) over one shoulder. Or they may be sitting in a car outside it, causally tapping away at a laptop. They look like innocent passers-by. In fact, they are stealing your corporate secrets. Drive-by hacking is the trendy term given to the practice of breaking into wireless computer networks from outside the buildings that house them. A recent study in the UK, sponsored by RSA Data Security, found that two-thirds of organizations with wireless networks were risking their data in this way. Security experts patrolled (巡逻) several streets in the City of London seeking evidence of wireless networks in operation. Of 124 that they identified, 83 were sending data without encrypting(加密)them. Such data could readily be picked up by a passer-by armed only with a portable computer, a wireless modem and a few pieces of software that can be freely downloaded from the Internet. The data could include sensitive company documents containing valuable information. Or they could be e-mail identities and passwords that could be used by hackers to log into corporate networks as if they were legal users. Most companies using wireless networking technology do not take even the simplest of measures to protect their data. Nearly all wireless network technology comes with some basic security features that need only to be activated (激活) in order to give a minimum level of security, for example, by encrypting the data being passed over the network. Raymon Kruck, business development manager at Check Point Software, a security technology specialist, believes this could be partly a psychological problem. People see the solid walls of their building as safeguards and forget that wireless networks can extend up to 200 meters beyond physical walls. Companies without any security at all on their wireless networks make it ridiculously easy for hackers to break in. Switching on the security that comes with the network technology should be automatic. Then there are other basic steps a company can take, says Mr. Kruck, such as changing the passwords on the network from the default (默认) setting. Companies can also install firewalls, which form a barrier between the internal network and the public Internet. They should also check their computer records regularly to spot any abnormal activity, which might betray the presence of a hacker. |
1. According to the study sponsored by RSA Data Security, two thirds of the subjects _______. |
A. had most of their company data stolen B. depended on wireless computer networks C. were exposed to drive-by hacking D. were unaware of the risk of wireless hacking |
2. Whichof the following is NOT considered in the study? |
A. The number of computer hacking incidents. B. The number of wireless computer networks identified. C. The way in which data are sent and received. D. The way in which data are hacked and stolen. |
3. Most wireless network technology has_________. |
A. data encryption program B. password security programs C. illegal-user detection D. firewall |
4. Raymond Kruck most probably agrees that wireless network security involves ________. |
A. wireless signal administration B. changes in user"s awareness C. users" psychological health D. stronger physical walls |
5. The passage is most likely to be seen in a __________ |
A. book review B. science fiction C. textbook D. computer magazine |
[1]Global difference in intelligence is a sensitive topic, long filled with a large number of different opinions. But recent data has indeed shown cognitive (认知的) ability to be higher in some countries than in others. What"s more, IQ scores have risen as nations develop—a phenomenon known as the "Flynn effect". Many causes have been put forward for both the intelligence difference and the Flynn effect, including education, income, and even non-agricultural labor. Now, a new study from researchers at the University of New Mexico offers another interesting theory: intelligence may be linked to infectious-disease rates. [2]The brain, say author Christopher Eppig and his colleagues, is the "most costly organ in the human body". Brainpower consumes almost up to 90 percent of a newborn"s energy. It"s clear that if something affects energy intake while the brain is growing, the impact could be long and serious. And for vast parts of the globe, the biggest threat to a child"s body -- and therefore brain—is parasitic (由寄生虫引起的) infection. These illnesses threaten brain development __________. They can directly attack live tissue, which the body must then try every means to replace. They can invade the digestive pipe and block nutritional intake. They can rob the body"s cells for their own reproduction. And then there"s the energy channeled (输送) to the immune system to fight the infection. [3] Using data on national "disease burdens" (life years lost due to infectious diseases) and average intelligence scores, the authors found they are closely associated. The countries with the lowest average IQ scores have the highest disease burdens without exception. On the contrary, nations with low disease burdens top the IQ list. [4]If the study holds water, it could be revolutionary for our understanding of the still-confusing variation in national intelligence scores. 1. What is the main idea of the text? (no more than 10 words) ____________________________________________________________________ 2. Complete the following statement with proper words. (no more than 4 words) Those countries that have the___________ are always at the bottom of the IQ list. 3. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 5 words) 4. What can cause intelligence difference? (no more than 8 words) 5. What does the word "they" (Line 3, Paragraph 3) probably refer to? (no more than 8 words) |
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The plan: turn Mars into a blue world with streams and green fields, and then fill it with creatures(生物) from the earth.This idea may sound like something from a science fiction (科幻小说), but it is actually being taken seriously by many researchers. This suggested future for the "red planet" will be the main topic for discussion at an international conference hosted by NASA (美国宇航局) this week. Leading researchers as well as science fiction writers will attend the event. It comes as NASA is preparing a multibilliondollar Mars research programme. "Turning Mars into a little earth has long been a topic in science fiction," said Dr Michael Meyer, NASA"s senior scientist for astrobiology (太空生物学). "Now, with scientists exploring the reality, we can ask what are the real possibilities of changing Mars." Most scientists agree that Mars could be turned into a little earth, although much time and money would be needed to achieve this goal. But many experts are shocked by the idea.“We are destroying our own world at an unbelievable speed and now we are talking about ruining another planet, ” said Paul Murdin, of the Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, UK. Over the past months, scientists have become increasingly confident they will find Martian life forms.Europe and America"s robot explorers have found proof that water, mixed with soil, exists in large amounts on the planet. In addition, two different groups of scientistsannounced on March 28 that they had found signs of methane (甲烷) in the Martian atmosphere (大气). The gas is a waste product of living creatures and could be produced by microbes (微生物) living in the red planet"s soil. But scientists such as Dr Lisa Pratt, a biologist at Indiana University, say that these microbes will be put in danger by the little earth project. "Before we have even discovered if there is life on Mars, we are talking about carrying out projects that would destroy all these native life forms, all the strange microbes that we hope to find buried in the soil," said Dr Pratt.This view is shared by Monica Grady, a planetary scientist at the Natural History Museum, London. "We cannot risk starting a global experiment that would wipe out the precious information we are looking for." she said, "This is just wrong." |
1. The passage is about________. |
A. a plan turning Mars into a little earth B. the necessity of changing Mars C. Mars supporting life D. finding water in the Mars |
2. Which of the following is NOT the reason why some scientists are against the plan? |
A. The project would wipe out all the native life forms on the Mars. B. The project will cost too much money and work. C. We would ruin Mars. D. We are destroying our own world at an unbelievable speed. |
3. We can infer from the passage that________. |
A. water is a crucial factor for life B. the project will have little effect on the native life forms supposed to live on the Mars C. Monica Grady is in favour of carrying out the little earth project D. the idea turning Mars into a little earth is nothing but a science fiction |
4. Which of the following supports the conclusion of microbes living in the Mars soil? |
A. Scientists found liquid water in the Mars. B. Scientists found signs of methane in the Martian atmosphere. C. Scientists found a lot of good soil on the Mars. D. Scientists found some creatures living on the Mars. |
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The latest research suggests that the key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not IQ, a generally bad predictor of success. Instead, it"s purposeful practice. Top performers spend more hours practising their craft. If you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop, you"d take a girl who possessed a slightly above average language ability. It wouldn"t have to be a big talent, just enough so that she might gain some sense of distinction. Then you would want her to meet, say, a novelist, who coincidentally shared some similar qualities. Maybe the writer was from the same town, had the same family background, or shared the same birthday. This contact would give the girl a vision of her future self. It would give her some idea of a fascinating circle she might someday join. It would also help if one of her parents died when she was 12, giving her a strong sense of insecurity and fuelling a desperate need for success. Armed with this ambition, she would read novels and life stories of writers without end. This would give her a primary knowledge of her field. She"d be able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings. Then she would practise writing. Her practice would be slow, painstaking and errorfocused. By practising in this way, she delays the automatizing process. Her mind wants to turn conscious, newly learned skills into unconscious, automatically performed skills. By practising slowly, by breaking skills down into tiny parts and repeating, she forces the brain to internalize a better pattern of performance. Then she would find an adviser who would provide a constant stream of feedback, viewing her performance from the outside, correcting the smallest errors, pushing her to take on tougher challenges. By now she is redoing problems-how do I get characters into a room-dozens and dozens of times. She is establishing habits of thought she can call upon in order to understand or solve future problems. The primary quality our young writer possesses is not some mysterious genius. It"s the ability to develop a purposeful, laborious and boring practice routine. The latest research takes some of the magic out of great achievement. But it underlines a fact that is often neglected. Public discussion is affected by genetics and what we"re "hardwired" to do. And it"s true that genes play a role in our capabilities. But the brain is also very plastic. We construct ourselves through behaviour. |
1.The passage mainly deals with ________. |
A.the function of IQ in cultivating a writer B.the relationship between genius and success C.the decisive factor in making a genius D.the way of gaining some sense of distinction |
2.By reading novels and writers" stories, the girl could________. |
A.come to understand the inner structure of writing B.join a fascinating circle of writers someday C.share with a novelist her likes and dislikes D.learn from the living examples to establish a sense of security |
3.In the girl"s long painstaking training process, ________. |
A.her adviser forms a primary challenging force to her success B.her writing turns into an automatic pattern of performance C.she acquires the magic of some great achievement D.she comes to realize she is "hardwired" to write |
4.What can be concluded from the passage? |
A.A fuelling ambition plays a leading role in one"s success. B.A responsible adviser is more important than the knowledge of writing. C.As to the growth of a genius, IQ doesn"t matter, but just his/her effort. D.What really matters is what you do rather than who you are. |
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