阅读理解。 What is the relationship between violence and sports? Psychologists sa
题型：吉林省期中题难度：来源：
reasons for violence at sports events．One is alcohol．Many fans drink a lot at games．When
people drink, they are more likely to do abnormal things．Psychologist Dennis Brock says,
"Quiet people become loud．Normally nonviolent people become destructive． "
David Sampson, a sports sociologist, says, "These are often celebratory riots- a large number
of very happy people mixed in with large amounts of alcohol．They don"t often seem dangerous
in the beginning, but things get violent quickly． "
Another reason for violence at sports events is the crowd．When individuals are in a large
group of people, they can lose their sense of personal responsibility．Edward Hirt, a social
Psychologist, says that research shows that people do things in crowds that they would never
do alone．People in crowds feel anonymous - no one knows who they are．Crowds also
make people feel powerful．They stop making personal decisions．They just follow the crowd．
Social psychologists call this a "mob mentality".
Dave Zarifis, head of public safety says, "Some people don"t even come to celebrate．They want
to drink hard and make trouble．Someone does something stupid, and it grows from there．You
get a mob mentality．People think it"s OK to do almost anything．They think, "There are so many
of us and not enough of them． "
Social psychologist Dr．Sharon Kennedy says that there are some things officials can do to prevent
violence．Making sure that an area is not overcrowded is very important．Officials should also think
of games as "big parties．" Then they will prepare differently．Kennedy says that in Great Britain they
are controlling the problem with cameras in all the stadiums．"When you know someone is watching,
you are much less likely to behave badly． "
A. There"s a connection between violence and sports
B. One cause of violence at sports events is alcohol．
C. There are many reasons for violence at sports events．
D. David Sampson and Dennis Brock have the same opinion.
B. " It"s safe to do what many people are doing． "
C. "There are so many of us and not enough of them． "
D. " No one knows I"m doing this． "
A. how to turn games into big parties
B. why to install cameras in stadiums
C. how to prevent violence at sports events
D. how to avoid oneself behaving badly
B. Whenever you are watching a game, you should keep quiet．
C. Never follow blindly no matter how many people are doing something．
D. Be careful when you are at a stadium because there are cameras there．
答案
举一反三
the results.
The rocket will be travelling for six months before it reaches the planet. It contains a number of
scientific instruments, including a television camera. Any picture that is taken will have to travel for three
minutes before they reach the earth. If the pictures are successful, they may solve a number of problems
about Mars and provide information about the markings on its surface which, nearly 100 years ago, the
astronomer (天文学家), Schiaparelli, thought to be canals.
It will be a long time before any landing on Mars can be tried. This will only be possible when scientis
ts have learned a lot more about the atmosphere that surrounds the planet. If a satellite can one day be put into orbit rou
nd Mars, scientists will be able to find out a great deal. An interesting suggestion for measuring the atmosphere around Mars has been made. A rubber ball having a radio transmitter(无线电发报机) could be dropped from a satellite so that it would fall towards the surface of the planet. The radio would tell the rate(速度) at which the ball was slowed down and scientists would be able to calculate how dense the atmosphere is. It may even be possible to drop scientific instruments on to the planet"s surface. Only when a great deal more information has been got, will it be possible to plan a manned (载人的) trip
to Mars.
B. it will take the rocket half a year to reach Mars
C. Mars is 53 million miles away from the earth
D. scientists have well known about the surface of Mars
B. will prove what Schiaparelli thought about is false
C. will be received by the earth in three minutes" time
D. can help people do much less research work
B. the orbit round the planet
C. having little information
D. the markings on the planet"s surface
B. dropping another ball with scientific instruments on to the surface
C. putting down the ball towards the planet"s surface
D. measuring the speed at which the ball was falling
B. they have a lot more information
C. dense enough atmosphere is found around the planet
D. a reasonable suggestion has been made
watched more closely than eighteen-year-old Ted, as Ted"s insects were on board the shuttle.
The Shuttle Student Involvement Program invited students to make a science experiment. The
experiment would be done by astronauts on the space shuttle.
Ted had always been interested in space and flight. Insect flight especially interested him. Ted
noticed that insects need gravity to take off and land. They need gravity to fly in a straight line. But
in space, there is no gravity. Could insects fly in zero gravity? That is what Ted wanted to find out.
Ted made an experiment called "Insect in Flight Motion Study". He entered his experiment and
soon news came that it was a winner.
A large team of scientists and engineers helped Ted get his experiment ready to fly. There were
many questions to be answered first. What kind of insects would Ted use in his experiment? The
insects would have to be strong enough to live on the shuttle for nine days without much food. What
kind of container would hold the insects? Would the insects die during the shuttle flight?
After months of hard work, the "insectronauts" were chosen. A group of moths, flies, and
honeybees were put into a special box and put onto the space shuttle. When Columbia flew into
space, it was carrying insect passengers.
On March 24, astronauts Gordon Fullerton and Jack Lousma took out the box that held the
insects. They began filming the insects with a special video camera.
When the space shuttle landed Ted was able to watch the video film of insects. Just as he thought,
most of the insects did have trouble flying in zero gravity. The flies did well. But the moths" flight
seemed "uncontrolled". They would often just hang in the air. The bees had the most trouble. They
couldn"t fly at all! The film showed bees spinning around in all directions. Others were just floating
about in the box.
Ted learned the answer to his question about insects" flight in zero gravity. But he also learned
a lot more. He learned about the hard work needed in making a successful experiment.
B. Ted won a prize.
C. Ted"s experiment was accepted.
D. Ted won in a race.
B. Whether the insects could fly in a straight line.
C. Whether the insects could land after flying for a while.
D. Whether the insects could take off after resting for a while.
B. The honeybees.
C. The insects.
D. The moths.
B. Ted"s friend.
C. A large team of scientists and engineers.
D. Two astronauts on the space shuttle.
B. By studying a book written by the astronauts.
C. By going into space and watching the insects" flight himself.
D. By watching the video film made by the astronauts.
Thirteen vehicles(车辆)lined up last March to race across the Mojave Desert, seeking a million
in prize money. To win, they had to finish the 142-mile race in less than 10 hours. Teams and
watchers knew there might be no winner at all, because these vehicles were missing a key part-drivers.
DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, organized the race as part of a push
to develop robotic vehicles for future battlefields. But the Grand Challenge, as it was called, just
proved how difficult it is to get a car to speed across an unfamiliar desert without human guidance.
One had its brake locked up in the starting area. Another began by throwing itself onto a wall. Another
got tied up by bushes near the road after 1.9 miles.
One turned upside down. One took off in entirely the wrong direction and had to be disabled by
remote (远距离的) control. One went a little more than a mile and rushed into a fence; another
managed to go for six miles but stuck on a rock. The "winner," if there was any, reached 7.8 miles
before it ran into a long , narrow hole , and the front wheels caught fire.
"You get a lot of respect for natural abilities of the living things," says Reinhold Behringer, who helped
design two of the car-size vehicles for a company called Sci-Autonics. "Even ants can do all these
tasks effortlessly. It"s very hard for us to put these abilities into our machines."
The robotic vehicles, though with necessary modern equipment such as advanced computers and
GPS guidance, had trouble figuring out fast enough the blocks ahead that a two-year-old human
recognizes immediately, Sure, that very young child, who has just only learned to walk, may not think
to wipe apple juice off her face, but she already knows that when there"s a cookie in the kitchen she
has to climb up the table, and that when she gets to the cookie it will taste good. She is more advanced,
even months old, than any machine humans have designed.
B. the road was not familiar to the drivers
C. the distance was too long for the vehicles
D. the prize money was unattractive to the drivers
B. push the development of vehicle industry
C. train more people to drive in the desert
D. improve the vehicles for future wars
B. can take part in a race across 142 miles with a time limit
C. can show off their ability to turn themselves upside down
D. can move from place to place without being driven by human beings
B. six miles
C. almost two miles
D. about one mile
B. for a little child who has just learned to walk to reach the cookie on the table
C. for a robotic vehicle to deal with a simple problem that a little child can solve
D. for a little child to understand the importance of wiping apple juice off its face
program can be seen in so many parts of the world. That program became one of America"s exports
soon after it was shown in New York in 1969.
In the United States more than six million children watch the program regularly. Although some people do not agree to some parts of the program, parents praise it highly.
Tests h
ave shown that children have learned much from watching "Sesame Street". The children who watch it five times a week learn more than those who watch it less. In the United States the program is
shown at dif
ferent hours during the week in order to increase the number of children who can watch it regularly.
The programs use songs, stories, jokes and pictures to give children a basic understanding of
numbers, letters and human relationships.
Why has "Sesame Street" been so much more successful than other children"s shows? Many reasons have been suggested, such as the educational theories of its producers, the support from both the
government and businessmen, and the full use of various kinds of television skills. Perhaps another
important reason is that mothers watch "Sesame Street" together with their children. This is partly because
famous film stars often appear on "Sesame Street". But the best reason for the success of the program
may be that it makes every child watching it feel able to learn. The child finds himself learning, and he
wants to l
earn more.B. shown in many countries
C. the longest television program in the world
D. watched regularly by six million children
B. it is shown many hours a day
C. it is shown in the evening
D. it is shown many times during the week
B. many famous film stars enjoy watching it
C. it teaches educational theories
D. it is produced by the government
| Museum of the Moving Image(MMI) (Monday Closed) As the best museum in New York City and with a balance of hands-on(实际操作的)activities and information, it"s the rare bird that can entertain and educate people of different ages. It"s a perfect destination for a family trip of a couple |  |
| New York Hall of Science(NYHS) (Monday Closed) Being New York City"s only hands-on science and technology center, it is an interactive science museum focused on its audience of children. It has the most hands-on exhibits in an NYC museum, and it"s a fun destination for ages 5 and up. Older folks might take great interest in the NASA rockets outside the museum, but don"t bother unless you"ve kids to keep you company. |  |
| Queens County Farm Museum(QCFM) (Year-round 7 days a week) It is an actual farm in New York City and home to animals your kids can feed and a yard full of a climbing plant whose fruit can be made into wine. Good chance to meet sheep, goats, pigs  , chickens and cow! The animals are mostly readily accessible to visitors. And the museum sells feed for young hands willing to get licked by sheep and goats. Pros - Outdoor fun. Cons - Expensive  Festivals, long bus ride, no subway. |  |
| Queens Museum of Art(QMA) (Monday and Tuesday Closed) Opened in 1972 to serve as a cultural center for the borough(行政区), it exhibits art by local and international artists. Its best exhibits are on the two World"s Fairs, and of course, the Panorama of New York City, a giant, highly detailed diorama(透景画)of all five New York City boroughs.Pros - The Panorama!, great gift shop. Easy subway access. Cons - not much for kids. |  |