阅读理解。 A new power plant in Nakoso, Japan, might someday change everything fo
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| 阅读理解。 |
A new power plant in Nakoso, Japan, might someday change everything for coal plants. Since the new
power plant fired up in September, the designer, Mitsubishi, is expecting to prove it"s possible to burn coal
without polluting. This technology is known as integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC). Proving IGCC
works should motivate Mitsubishi"s US partner, NRG Energy, to jump other hurdles to building new clean
plants.
The project promises to solve the problem of the ages for power plants: how to produce cheap, clean,
reliable electricity. No existing technology can do all three perfectly.
The problem is IGCC isn"t there yet. It costs about 20 percent more than traditional plants. And even
though it"s easier to collect the resulting carbon dioxide from an IGCC plant than a traditional plant, there"s
no proven way to get rid of the greenhouse gas. One plan is to drill a shaft (通道) to pump the carbon dioxide
underground, into saltwater formations. But there"s no guarantee it will remain underground forever.
NRG administrators think solving the IGCC riddles is worth the trouble because they expect the US will
soon limit the amount of carbon dioxide that power generators may give out.
"With the additional cost of IGCC, to just voluntarily build something that"s 20 percent more expensive,
that"s commercial suicide," NRG chief administrator, David Crane said.
NRG administrators expect the cost to decline after six or seven plants are built. But other industry experts
think it will take about a dozen plants for the price to be competitive with traditional coal plants.
Takaya Watanabe, a vice general manager of Mitsubishi, admits that the cost challenges are difficult. "It"s
good for a company to say we want to be green, but unless someone is willing to pay, it"s a dream. It won"t
keep our family eating rice," he said. |
| 1. What is expected of the new technology? |
A. To make electricity without polluting the air.
B. To produce energy without burning coal.
C. To keep the use of electricity cheaper.
D. To pump carbon dioxide more easily. |
| 2. What"s the biggest problem the companies are faced with? |
A. How to pump greenhouse gases.
B. How to deal with the high cost.
C. How to get along with other partners.
D. How to improve the new technology. |
| 3. What can be inferred from the passage? |
A. New technologies are unacceptable to people.
B. It"s unlikely to build more new power plants.
C. The companies are run on a tight budget.
D. Going green is easier said than done. |
答案
| 1-3 ABD |
举一反三
| 阅读理解。 |
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behavior are formed. It is not easy to
explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are of course extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why
we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behavior. There are no clear answers yet, but two
distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very
different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The
controversy is often conveniently referred to as "nature and nurture".
Those who support the"nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are
largely determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities,
characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory states that our behavior
is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts (本能).
Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is
more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F.
Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The
behaviorists" view of the human being is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humans respond to
environmental stimuli (刺激) as the basis of their behavior.
Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are far-reaching. In the US, for example,
blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some "nature" proponents to
conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites. Behaviorists, on the contrary, say that the
differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other
environ mental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses
that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our
behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time
is certain. |
| 1. This passage is mainly concerned with _____. |
A. relation between personality and behavior
B. relation between behavior and environment
C. different accounts of patterns of human behavior
D. different theories of the formation of human behavior |
| 2. The underlined word "proponents" in Paragraph 2 means _____. |
A. creators
B. advisors
C. advocates
D. judges |
| 3. In Paragraph 5, the author mainly writes about _____. |
A. the considerable influence of the two theories
B. differences between the blacks and whites
C. racial discrimination in the United States
D. different responds to intelligence tests |
| 4. What"s the author"s purpose in writing the passage? |
A. To call our attention to the changes of human behavior.
B. To urge scientists to do more research in social science.
C. To give us a detailed explanation of human behavior.
D. To present an argument in the field of social science. |
| 阅读理解。 |
New media has been growing fast and influencing people"s lives in ways few things have done before
In 2010, China"s new media industry witnessed explosive development. But with "new" comes uncertainties
and challenges. The following are brief reviews on the development of China"s new media and outlooks on
its future.
Micro-blogging (微博)
Short and convenient, micro-blogs also experienced "a big bang" in China last year, with the number of
micro-bloggers at China"s popular portal (门户网站) sina.com.cn almost doubling in less than six months.
Afterwards, the other three major web portals, including sohu.com.qq. corn and 163. corn, each set up their
own micro-blogging services. With more government officials and entities (实体) registering, China"s micro-
blogging services are expected to play a more important role in connecting the public and the governments in
2011.
Search Engines
Baidu"s position in the search engine market would face fierce challenges from sohu.com, Microsoft"s Bing
and goso.cn from the People"s Daily. Xinhua is also preparing to start its search engine together with China
Mobile, a leading company in mobile networks. Goso and Xinhua both have the advantage of providing content,
while Bing has a big edge in technology and funds. They are expected to pose threats (威胁) to Baidu in 2011.
Internet of Things
IoT refers to a network of real-world objects linked by the Internet and interacting through on-line services.
China set up its first IoT research center in Shanghai in March 2010. Within the same week, Premier Wen
Jiabao stated in the annual government report that it would "accelerate the research and development, as well
as application of the Internet of Things."
However, some experts say China"s IoT is still in an early stage, and it"ll take a long time for it to let the
public enjoy its full functions. |
| 1. What is the text mainly about? |
A. Some major media in China.
B. China"s new media and its future.
C. The development of China"s on-line services.
D. China"s early-stage IoT and its major functions. |
| 2. How many web portals are mentioned in Paragraph 2? |
A. Two.
B. Three.
C. Four.
D. Five. |
| 3. Which of the following will be Xinhua"s partner to start a search engine? |
A. Baidu.
B. Sohu.com.
C. Goso.cn.
D. China Mobile. |
| 4. What does the underlined part "a big bang" in Paragraph 2 probably mean? |
A. A deafening sound.
B. An explosive development
C. A terrible damage.
D. A demanding challenge. |
| 阅读理解。 |
Question: My ninth-grade art teacher doesn"t give any grade above 94% because, she says, "There"s
always room for improvement." In previous years, I earned a 99% and a 100%. The 94% I received this
term does not reflect the hard work that I put into this course. Because of her "improvement" theory, I
got a lower grade than I deserve Is her grading philosophy morally correct?
Answer: Your teacher"s grading system may be unwise, but it is not morally wrong. A teacher deserves
wide latitude in selecting the method of grading that best promotes learning in her classroom; that is, after
all, the prime function of grades. It is she who has the training and experience to make this decision.
You can criticize her methodology. A 100 need not imply that there is no possibility of improvement,
only that a student successfully completed the course work A ninth grader could get a well-earned 100 in
English class but still has a way to go before he writes as well as Jane Austen. What"s more, grades are not
only an educational device but are also part of a screening system to help assign (分配) kids to their next
class or program. By capping her grades at 94 while most other teachers grade on a scale that tops out at
100, your teacher could risk making a student lose a chance of getting a scholarship or getting into a top
college.
What it is wrong to condemn her for is overlooking your hard work. Your hard work is worthy of
encouragement, but effort does not equal accomplishment. If scholars suddenly discovered that Rembrandt
had dashed off The Night Watch in an afternoon, it would still be The Night Watch.
I could spend months sweating over my own "paintings", but I"d produce something you wouldn"t want
to hang in your living room or your garage.
One feature of a good grading system is that those measured by it generally regard it as fair and reasonable-
not the case here. Strong feeling of anger is seldom an aid to education And so your next step should be to
discuss your concerns with your teacher or the principal. |
| 1. When writing the question, the ninth-grader was _____. |
A. annoyed
B. worried
C. excited
D. delighted |
| 2. The underlined word "latitude" in Paragraph 2 probably means _____. |
A. difference
B. knowledge
C. freedom
D. experience |
| 3. Rembrandt"s painting is mentioned to show that _____. |
A. there"s difference between effort and achievement
B. The Night Watch was completed in half a day
C. everybody"s hard work should be encouraged
D. one is to blame for doing the work in a hurry |
| 4. What is the author"s attitude towards the grading system of the ninth-grader"s teacher? |
A. Supportive.
B. Confused.
C. Unconcerned.
D. Unfavorable. |
| 阅读理解。 |
The Child Ego State
The Child ego state is a set of behaviors, thoughts and feelings which are replayed from our own childhood.
Perhaps the boss calls us into his or her office, we may immediately get a churning in our stomach and
wonder what we have done wrong. If this were explored we might remember the time the head teacher called
us in to tell us off. Of course, not everything in the Child ego state is negative. We might go into someone"s
house and smell a lovely smell and remember our grandmother"s house when we were little, and all the same
warm feelings we had at six years of age may come flooding back.
The Child ego states are constantly being updated. For example, we may meet someone who gives us the
permission we needed as a child, and did not get, to be fun and joyous. We may well use that person in our
imagination when we are stressed to resist our old ways of thinking that we must work longer and longer hours
to keep up with everything. We might ask ourselves "I wonder what X would say now." Then on heating the
new permissions to relax and take some time out, do just that and then return to the work renewed and ready
for the challenge. Afterwards, rather than blaming ourselves for what we did or did not do, what tends to
happen is that we automatically start to give ourselves new permissions and take care of ourselves.
Alternatively, we might have had an extremely unpleasant experience yesterday which goes into the Child
ego state as an antique memory that stands in the way of our growth Positive experiences will also go into the
Child ego state as antique memories. The positive experiences can then be drawn on to remind us that positive
things do happen.
The process of analyzing personality in terms of ego states is called structural analysis. It is important to
remember that ego states do not have an existence of their own. They are concepts to enable understanding.
Therefore it is important to say "I want some fun" rather than "My Child wants some fun." We may be in our
Child ego state when we say this, but saying "I" reminds us to take responsibility for our actions. |
| 1. The writer uses two examples in Paragraph 2 in order to _____. |
A. prove the Child ego state is negative
B. explain why We become nervous
C. support the idea in Paragraph 1
D. introduce the point of Paragraph 3 |
| 2. By asking "I wonder what X would say now", we intend to _____. |
A. blame ourselves
B. avoid stress
C. keep up with everything
D. accept challenges |
| 3. According to the passage, the Child ego state _____. |
A. exists in one"s childhood
B. shows one"s wisdom
C. limits one"s thoughts
D. influences one"s actions |
| 4. The underlined word "this" in the last paragraph refers to _____. |
A. "I want some fun"
B. "My Child wants some fun"
C. the Child ego state
D. structural analysis |
| 阅读理解。 |
Mental and health experts believe personality plays an important part in how we experience stress.
Personality is the way a person acts, feels and thinks.
Some people are aggressive and always in a hurry. They often become angry when things do not
happen the way they planned. They are called "Type A" personalities. Studies suggest that these people
often get stress-related disorders. The "Type B" personality is calmer. These people are able to deal with
all kinds of situations more easily. As a result, they are less affected by stress.
Studies have also shown that men and women deal with stress differently. Women seem to be better
able to deal with stress than men are. However, experts say women are three times more likely to develop
depression in reaction to the stress in their lives. American writer John Gray became famous for his book,
"Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus." He notes that men and women have Opposite ways of
dealing with stress. For a man, the best way is to rest and forget about daily problems. But a woman
suffering from stress needs to talk about her problems.
Experts say there are several ways to deal with stress, including deep breathing, exercise, eating healthy
foods, getting enough rest and balancing the time spent in working and playing. Exercise is one of the most
effective stress-reduction measures, as physical changes from exercise make you feel better. In addition,
exercise can also improve the body"s defense system against disease.
Keeping stress to yourself can make problems worse. Experts say that expressing emotions to friends
or family members or writing down your feelings can help reduce stress. And they also suggest that people
should attempt to accept or change stressful situations whenever possible. |
| 1. According to the experts, _____. |
A. people respond to stress quite differently
B. people make the same response to stress
C. unlike women, men tend to feel depressed more easily
D. personality has nothing to do with how we experience stress |
| 2. Compared with "Type A" personalities, "Type B" personalities _____. |
A. cause more troubles
B. are less able to cope with different situations
C. are more easily affected by stress
D. tend to solve problems more peacefully |
| 3. By saying "Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus", John Gray means that they _____. |
A. experience emotions in a different way
B. cope with stress in a different way
C. suffer from stress in the similar way
D. develop stress in the opposite way |
| 4. If you want to reduce your stress, you can _____. |
A. take some exercise
B. keep it to yourself
C. remain silent
D. ignore the stressful situation |
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