阅读理解。 Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important ta
题型：0128 月考题难度：来源：
on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great mistake. Many schools continue to employ
instructional methods that have been proven ineffective. The staying power of the "look-say" or "whole-word"
method of teaching beginning reading is perhaps the most flagrant example of this failure to instruct effectively.
The whole-word approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaning of letters, thinking
over decoding, developing a sight vocabulary of familiar words over developing the ability to unlock the
recommended by advocates of"open" classrooms and with the concept that children have to be developmentally
ready to begin reading. Before 1963, no major publisher put out anything but these"Run-Spot-Run" readers.
However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called "the great debate" in beginning reading.
In his best-seller Why Johnny Can"t Read, Flesch indicted(控诉)the nation"s public schools for miseducating
students by using the look-say method. He said - and more scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and Rovert Dykstra
later confirmed - that another approach to beginning reading, founded on phonics, is far superior.
Systematic phonics first teaches children to associate letters and letter combinations with sounds; it then
teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words. Rather than building up a relatively limited
vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the
most common words in the English language can be learned. Phonics does not devalue the importance of
thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply recognizes that decoding is the logical and
necessary first step.
B. Rudolf Flesch agrees with him
C. he says it is boring
D. many schools continue to use this method
B. Phonics takes longer to learn
C. look-say is easier to teach
D. phonics gives readers access to far more words
B. start or cause
C. compare with
D. oppose
答案
举一反三
disastrous to the troubling. One such experiment took place in South America about fifty years ago.
Whether its final consequences will cause serious damage or nothing more than a small trouble still remains
to be seen.
The story began in 1956 when an American scientist working in Brazil decided to solve the problem of
increasing the productivity of that country"s bees. He imported a very active type of African bee from
Tanzania and mated (交配) it with the more easy-going native variety to produce a new kind of bees. The
new bees worked harder and produced twice as much honey. It seemed that Professor Kerr, for that was
the scientist"s name, had a total success on his hands.
Then things began to go wrong. For some reason as yet unseen, but perhaps as a result of something
in their environment, the new bees began to develop extremely attacking personalities. They became
bad-tempered and easy to be angry, attacked the native bees and drove them from their living places.
But worse was to follow. Having taken over the countryside, the new bees, with their dangerous stings
(叮), began to attack its neighbours-cats, dogs, horses, chickens and finally man himself. A long period of
terror began that has so far killed a great number of animals and about 150 human beings.
This would have been bad enough if the bees had stayed in Brazil. But now they are on the move,
heading northwards in countless millions towards Central and North America, and moving at the alarming
speed of 200 miles a year. The countries that lie in their path are naturally worried because it looks as if
nothing can be done to stop them.
B. have proved to be wrong
C. are not yet certain
D. are not important
B. make Brazilian bees more easy-going
C. increase the number of bees in Brazil
D. make African bees less active
B. Their hard work.
C. Their living environment.
D. Their bad temper.
B. the bees may bring about trouble in more countries
C. the bees must be stopped from moving north
D. the bees prefer to live in Brazil
with him, though you"re not tired.
This phenomenon confused scientists for years until a recent study found that people tend to sympathize
with fellow humans. Supporting this claim was the discovery that those children who were unable to form
normal emotional ties with others did not experience contagions (有感染力的) yawning, which showed that
humans communicate regularly without words.
Hogo Critchley, a neuroscientist, has conducted an experiment recently, which will prove that happiness
and sadness can spread like the common cold. According to Critchley, our mind and body are in constant
exchange about how we"re feeling. "Emotions are closely linked with states of internal (内部的) responses,"
he explained. "There are also more visible changes in our gesture and facial expressions. When we"re in a
group, these signals can spread to another person. For example, there"re the obvious tendency to smile when
smiled at and there are less obvious changes that reflect emotions of surprise, anger or sadness such as a
change in our heart rate and blood pressure."
Hugo Critchley further explained, "Our bodies synchronise and when we like the other Person, we even
copy his behaviour. Next time you chat with a friend, take note of how you"re sitting-it"s pretty likely that
you will be the same. Scientists believe it"s our way of telling each other that you"re parents. Through body
language, humans give each other very subtle (微妙的) but clear signals that show emotions."
So, what lessons can we learn from this? "spend time with happy people-otherwise your health could
suffer," said Critchley. "When we"re sad, our body goes into fight or flight mode. But when we"re happy, our
body works normally and we feel relaxed and positive. So we look bright, our skin glows, we feel healthy and
it affects everyone around us."
B. we yawn more frequently when we have a cold
C. emotions are connected with states of internal responses
D. the change of blood pressure is not linked with the change of emotions
B. change rapidly
C. relax temporarily
D. respond accordingly
B. anger is less contagious than friendliness
C. surprise is more contagious than smile
D. surprise is the most contagious among emotions
B. Children like copying the actions of the fellow humans.
C. Scientists are still confused about contagious yawning.
D. People tend to communicate more with body language.
leading teachers told The Observer that rising numbers of foreign pupils are putting some of schools near the
breaking point.
Members of the National Association of Head Teachers will this week tell the government that the problem
is starting to change the culture of some schools. Some heads said the situation was out of control.
Though head teachers think the new pupils have great ability and they should be welcomed into schools,
they are worried that they don"t have enough money to deal with the situation.
"There is a feeling among some of our members that this is out of control and no one knows the final
solution," said Mick Brookes, general secretary of the NAHT. Brookes who will give evidence this week to
the government added,"some schools just don"t know how many immigrant children they will have to admit."
He said that while schools could take in one or two foreign pupils, some were struggling with the sudden large
increase in the number of children overseas.
Clarissa Williams, head of Tolworth Girls School in Kingston upon Thames, south London, said she
received &1,300 a year from the government to cover the costs of teaching English to foreign pupils but was
having to spend &30,000 of her own budget to keep pace.
On Tuesday, the association will tell the House of Lords that education budgets have not kept pace with
the increase in the number of pupils for whom English is a second language, or not spoken at all, who have
entered Britain since the European Union expanded (扩大)
B. Teachers work harder than before while getting paid less
C. The number of foreign pupils has increased too fast
D. The government doesn"t listen to the head teachers
of teaching English to foreign pupils each year?
B.1,700
C. &30,000
D. &28,700
B. many schools have already reached the breaking points
C. British schools have profited from the expansion of the the European Union
D. the expansion of the the European Union has brought many foreign students to Britain
B. Drive away some foreign students
C. Hire more English teachers
D. Increase education budgets
foryoung people in China."Start early, finish strong, some of them say.
More than 300 universities from 27 countries and regions were represented at last weekend"s
international education exposition (展览).
 The US has always been on the top destination list for Chinese students, with its high education standards and enough scholarship. Good news:It"s easier to get a US student visa (签证) nowadays. Last year, the refusal rate was only 20 to 30 per cent, much lower than a few years before, according to US Embassy. Concerns: There"re a lot to prepare. The TOFEL, GRE... It"s longer time to apply to US universities than schools in the UK or Australia. Useful link: www. Usembassychina.org. cn |
| 阅读理解。 |
| Less TV Reduce Kids Weight PALO AITO, California-" Switching off the television may help prevent children from getting fatter-even if they do not change their diet or increase the amount they exercise," US researchers said last week. A study of 192 third and fourth grades, generally aged eight and nine, found that children who cut the number of hours spent watching television gained nearly two pounds (0.91 kg ) less over a one-year period than those who did not change their television diet. "The findings are important because they show that weight loss can only be the result of a reduction in television viewing and not any other activity," said Thomas Robinson, a pediatrician (儿科专家) at Stanford University. " American children spend an average of more than four hours per day watching television and videos or playing games, and rates of childhood being very fat have doubt over the past 20 years," Robinson said. In the study, presented this week to the Pediatric Academic Societies" annual meeting in San Francisco, the researchers persuaded about 100 of the students to reduce their television viewing by one-quarter to one-third. Children watching fewer hours of television showed a significantly smaller increase in waist size and had less body fat than other students who continue their normal television viewing, even though neither group ate a special diet nor took part in any extra exercise. "One explanation for the weight loss could be the children unstuck to the television may simply have been moving around and burning off calories," Robinson said. "Another reason might be due to eating fewer meals in front of the television. Some studies have suggested that eating in front of the TV encourages people to eat more," Robinson added. |
| 1. The author tries to tell us in the first two paragraphs that ______. |
| A. children will get fatter if they eat too much. B. children will get thinner if they eat less. C. children will get fatter if they spend less time watching TV. D. children will get fatter if they spend more time watching TV. |
| 2. According to the passage, the time American children usually spend on watching TV ______. |
| A. is more than four hours a day. B. is less than four hours a day. C. doubled in the last twenty years. D. is more than on any other activities. |
| 3. The time children spend on TV viewing every day is suggested to be about _______. |
| A. six hours B. eight hours C. three hours D. one hour |
| 4. Which of the following is right? |
| A. Children usually eat fewer while watching TV. B. Children usually eat more while watching TV. C. Children eat the same amount of meals while watching TV. D. Children usually eat nothing while watching TV. |
| 5. Why can watching TV increase kids" weight according to the passage? |
| A. They usually eat more while watching TV. B. They burn off fewer calories. C. They change their diet while watching TV. D. Both A and B |