阅读理解。 Motherhood may make women smarter and may help prevent dementia (痴呆) i
题型：0108 模拟题难度：来源：
| 阅读理解。 |
Motherhood may make women smarter and may help prevent dementia (痴呆) in old age by bathing the
brain in protective hormones (荷尔蒙), U.S. researchers reported on Thursday.
Tests on rats show that those who raise two or more litters of pups do considerably better in tests of
memory and skills than rats who have no babies, and their brains show changes that suggest they may be
protected against diseases such as Alzheimer"s (早老痴呆症). University of Richmond psychology professor
Craig Kinsley believes his findings will translate into humans.
"Our research shows that the hormones of pregnancy (***) are protecting the brain, including estrogen
(雌激素), which we know has many neuroprotective (保护神经的) effects," Kinsley said.
"It"s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals," he added in a telephone
interview. "They go through pregnancy and hormonal changes."
Kinsley said he hoped public health officials and researchers will look to see if having had children protects
a woman from Alzheimer"s and other forms of age-related brain decline.
"When people think about pregnancy, they think about what happens to babies and the mother from the
neck down," said Kinsley, who presented his findings to the annual meeting of the Society of Neuroscience in
Orlando, Florida.
"They do not realize that hormones are washing on the brain. If you look at female animals that have never
gone through pregnancy, they act differently toward the young. But if she goes through pregnancy, she will
sacrifice her life for her infant-that is a great change in her behavior that showed in genetic alterations (改变)
to the brain." |
| 1. How do scientists know "Motherhood may make women smarter"? |
A. Some researchers have told them.
B. Many women say so.
C. They know it by experimenting on rats.
D. They know it through their own experience. |
| 2. What does the phrase "litters of pups" mean in the second paragraph? |
A. Baby rats.
B. Animals.
C. Old rats.
D. Grown-up rats. |
| 3. What can protect the brain of a woman according to the passage? |
A. Estrogen.
B. The hormones of pregnancy.
C. More exercise.
D. Taking care of children. |
4. "It"s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals." What does
the sentence suggest? |
A. The experiments on the rats have nothing to do with humans.
B. The experiments on the rats are very important for animals.
C. The experiments on the rats are much the same on humans.
D. The experiments on the rats are much the same on other animals. |
答案
| 1-4: CABC |
举一反三
| 阅读理解。 |
Some years ago, a Miami woman walking through an office building noticed two men standing together.
Several minutes after her leaving, the men murdered a person working in the building. The police determined
that the woman was the only witness and could possibly describe them. However, her memory of the men
proved disappointingly unclear. Several days later, psychologist Ronald Fisher was brought in to obtain a
more complete account from the woman. His interview produced a breakthrough-the woman reported a clear
picture of one of the suspects. The important information enabled the police to arrest the suspect and close
the case.
The police asked Fisher for help because of his rich knowledge in cognitive (认知的) interview, a kind of
memory-rebuilding process. Memory researchers have found that people trying to remember a past event often
only recall part of the relevant information. Human memory is selective and it is often distorted by stress. But
a person"s accurate recall of an event or understanding of a question can be improved using specific
interviewing techniques. The "cognitive interview" was developed in the late 1990s. It encourages the witness
to take an active role in recalling information rather than giving answers only to someone else"s questions.
The witness first describes what happened in his or her own words, with no interviewer interruptions. The
interviewer then goes further with specific techniques, such as having the witness tell the detail", of what
happened from different perspectives (角度).
The cognitive interview focuses on guiding witnesses through four general recalling techniques: thinking
about physical surroundings and personal feelings that existed at the time of past events; reporting everything
that comes to mind about those events, no matter how broken it is; retelling events in a variety of time orders,
such as from beginning to end, end to beginning, forward or backward; and adopting different perspectives
while recalling events.
Experiments with police detectives trained in this demanding interview method find that they obtain nearly
50% more information from witnesses than before training, while error rates remain about the same. It is
proved that cognitive interviews are quite important tools in improving the accuracy and completeness of
witness testimony (证词). |
| 1. The purpose of the passage is to _____. |
A. give an account of a murder case
B. help a witness to recall information in a cognitive interview
C. prove Fisher was an expert in cognitive interview
D. introduce an idea of cognitive interview |
| 2. What is required to recall in a cognitive interview for a witness? |
A. The surroundings and feelings at the time of the event.
B. The information about the event in the time order.
C. The important things that come to his or her mind.
D. The exact time at which a murder took place. |
| 3. The key point in a cognitive interview is that _____. |
A. the interview should take place outside the police station
B. the interviewer should interrupt the witness from time to time
C. the witness is encouraged to take part in recalling information
D. the witness should recall details at the scene of the event |
| 4. The underlined word "distorted" in the passage probably means "_____." |
A. changed
B. balanced
C. arranged
D. examined |
| 阅读理解。 |
Doomed (注定失败的) beauties such as Cleopatra and Marilyn Monroe were far from alone in their
misery(痛苦, 不幸). Very attractive people tend to form partnerships that are less stable and satisfying
than those enjoyed by plain Jane.
According to the research by Dr John Blaine of the University of Southern California, relationships
between people whose professions largely depend on their appearances, such as, models or actors, tend
to end much faster than those between lawyers, doctors or students.
Blaine said the beautiful felt different from childhood. They are treated as special, which may create
both arrogance (傲慢) and insecurity. All too often, beauty can be used as an alternative to education.
Often they are pushed out of their class or town, told to go off and make their fortune in Hollywood or
London and, when the majority fail, they have few talents to make a living.
Blaine added that beautiful people score poorly on the "big five"-the key factors American experts
consider when helping distressed couples. These are neuroticism (神经过敏), including anger and anxiety;
extroversion (性格外向); openness to new experiences; agreeableness; and conscientiousness, or sticking
by agreements they have made. Attractive people often see no reason to try to change until their looks start
to fade.
Krista Sutherland of the University of California Los Angeles, said partnerships that appeared to be
perfect from the outside, such as the former "dream teams" of Nicole Kidman and Tom Cruise or Hugh
Grant and Elizabeth Hurley, where backgrounds and aspirations (抱负) are often shared, did not necessarily
lead to happiness. |
1. What does the underlined sentence "Doomed beauties such as Cleopatra and Marilyn Monroe were far
from alone in their misery" means? |
A. Beautiful women always felt lonely.
B. Beautiful women were always alone.
C. Beautiful women always lived a happy life.
D. Many beautiful women didn"t end up with a happy life in terms of relationship. |
| 2. We can infer in the passage that _____. |
A. The marriage of the beautiful often lasts long
B. Nicole Kidman and Tom Cruise were very satisfied with their life
C. When they fail in Hollywood, the beautiful have little trouble in making a living
D. Hugh Grant and Elizabeth Hurley were a couple |
| 3. Which of the following is the best title? |
A. Five key factors affecting the partnership.
B. Beauties or common?
C. Beauties are doomed to fail in love.
D. The beautiful are different |
| 阅读理解。 |
In a six-week study, experts found people who played online games designed to improve their cognitive
(认知的) skills didn"t get any smarter.
More than 8,600 people aged 18 to 60 were asked to play online brain games designed by the researchers
to improve their memory, reasoning and other skills for at least 10 minutes a day, three times a week. They
were compared to more than 2,700 people who didn"t play any brain games, but spent a similar amount of
time surfing the Internet and answering general knowledge questions. All participants were given a sort of
I.Q test before and after the experiment.
Researchers said the people who did the brain training didn"t do any better on the test after six weeks than
people who had simply been on the Internet. On some sections of the test, the people who surfed the Net
scored higher than those playing the games.
"If you"re (playing these games) because they"re fun, that"s absolutely fine," said Adrian Owen, the study"s
lead author. "But if you"re expecting (these games) to improve your I.Q., our data suggests this isn"t the case,"
he said during a press briefing on Tuesday.
One maker of brain games said the company"s games have been proven to boost brain power. "Their
conclusion would be like saying, "I cannot run a mile in under 4 minutes and therefore it is impossible to do
so," Aldrich said in a statement.
"There is precious little evidence to suggest the skills used in these games transfer to the real world," said
Art Kramer, who was not linked to the study and has no ties to any companies that make brain training games.
Instead of playing brain games, Kramer said people would be better off getting some exercise. He said
physical activity can spark (激发) new connections between nerves and produce new brain cells."Fitness
changes the building blocks of the brain"s structure," he said. |
| 1. It can be inferred that the online brain games mentioned in the text are _______. |
A. costly
B. unreliable
C. illegal
D. effective |
| 2. Which of the following statements is true about the experiment in the second paragraph? |
A. The experiment lasted for a week.
B. Age didn"t affect the result of the research.
C. Every person played online brain games three times a day.
D. People who didn"t play online brain games did better in I.Q test |
| 3. What can we learn from the text? |
A. Playing games which are fun can improve your I.Q.
B. There is a lot of evidence to suggest skills can transfer to the real world.
C. Do physical activity can boost your brain power.
D. Playing online games can spark new brain cells |
| 4. The underlined sentence suggests that ______. |
A. The research was not linked to the study
B. Those playing the games can score higher in the test
C. playing the games can spark new connections between nerves
D. This isn"t the case that these games can improve your I.Q. |
| 阅读理解。 |
A branch of psychology called neurolinguistic programming has made an interesting and useful discovery:
You can change the way you imagine or remember things without changing what you imagine, and it will
change your feelings. For example, if a visual memory makes you sad whenever you think about it, you can
make that mental picture smaller and dimmer, and when you do, the memory won"t make you as sad. Since
you haven"t changed the content of the memory, you haven"t lost any information. You have simply made it
less painful.
When you visually remember a pleasant memory, you can made the picture more colorful and the money
will give you even more intense good feelings. You can make your pictures of the future brighter, wider,
deeper, or you can bring the images closer. Changes like these will make you feel different-even when you
leave the content of the picture the same.
These are general guidelines (指导方针). You"ll need to experiment for yourself to find out what will work
for a particular image. For a few people, making an exciting picture brighter makes the feelings less intense.
And for some kinds of pictures, increasing the brightness would cause the feelings to become less intense-for
example, a romantic memory.
What is true for visual images also applies to the way you talk to yourself.
For example, if you have trouble motivating yourself, try changing the tone of voice you use when you
spread to yourself. Some people order themselves around. The voice they use to talk to themselves is harsh and
commanding. Listening to yourself being bossy can have the same effect as listening to someone else being
bossy: It can make you want to rebel. Change your tone to friendly or seductive, and you might feel more
motivated. When you tell yourself, "I can do it," fill your internal voice with enthusiasm and back it up with
inspiring music. The possibilities are in fact endless.
The important thing to understand is that they way you code your inner world has an impact, and you have
quite a bit of control over that coding. You can change it deliberately. When you do, it will change your feelings,
which change your actions, which will change the world around you. |
| 1. Which is the best title of the passage? |
A. You Can Change the World Around You
B. Be Merry
C. You Can Change People"s Attitude towards You
D. Talk to Yourself in a Friendly Way |
| 2. The underlined word "deliberately" can be replaced by _____. |
A. by change
B. on purpose
C. difficultly
D. wiser |
| 3. We can infer that if we make a sad mental picture bigger and brighter, we can become _____. |
A. happier
B. sadder
C. calmer
D. wiser |
| 4. What does the underlined sentence "Some people order themselves around" suggest? |
A. Some people order a lot of food.
B. Some people order others to follow their instructions.
C. Some people are very hard on themselves.
D. Some people are very strict with themselves. |
| 阅读理解。 |
Running like the wind, roaring (咆哮) like thunder, tigers have long been feared and respected as a king
of the animal world. But last week a report said that there are no more than 30 wild tigers left in south China.
This was the conclusion of a team of scientists from China"s State Forestry Administration and the World
Nature Fund.
The South China tiger, also known as the Chinese tiger, is native to southern China. In the 1950"s, there
were over 4000 tigers found in mountain forests in the country. But due to the destruction of their natural
habitat (栖息地) and uncontrolled hunting, it has been pushed on to the list of the world"s top ten most
endangered species.
Sixty-six of the big cats can be found in the cages of a dozen zoos around China. But they are nothing like
their wild cousins. They have lost their natural skills such as hunting and killing. If they were set free they
could not look after themselves.
"Breeding has damaged the quality of the species", said Pei Enle, deputy director of the Shanghai Zoo.
To reintroduce the species into the wild, the country started a programme to send five to ten young tigers
to South Africa. Four of them have already arrived. Progress has been made as two elder tigers have
recovered some of their instincts(本能) and can hunt wild animals by themselves at the African base.
" South Africans are very experienced in reintroducing big animals to the wild. The country has very good
natural conditions for the tigers to learn in", said Lu Jun, office director of the National Wildlife Research and
Development Center. "We tried in Fujian Province, but it was not successful as there was not a complete
eco-chain (生物链) and there was a lack of space." The tigers should return to China in 2007 when the
reservations in Fujian are ready. |
1. What is the main reason for the South China tiger becoming one of the world"s top ten most
endangered species? |
A. Because it has lost its natural instincts.
B. Because there is not a complete eco-chain.
C. Because there is no space for it.
D. Because uncontrolled hunting has destroyed its natural living conditions. |
| 2. How is the programme of sending several tigers to South Africa getting on? |
A. Its effect still remains to be seen.
B. Two tigers can already compete with their wild cousins.
C. Some of the tigers are already on the road to recovering their natural skills.
D. The tigers should be able to recover their instincts completely by 2007. |
| 3. By saying " but they are nothing like their wild cousins", the writer means that ______. |
A. they are no longer feared by other wild animals
B. they don"t know how to hunt or kill
C. a complete change has resulted in the species because of breeding
D. to reintroduce them into the wild has become an urgent task |
| 4. What is the purpose of sending young tigers to South Africa? |
A. To help the tigers recover their ability to live in the wild.
B. To provide them with a better environment.
C. To get the tigers to go on a tour.
D. To find a complete eco-chain for them. |
| 5. Which one is not the reason for South Africa being chosen as the training place? |
A. Because the tigers can hunt wild animals by themselves at the African base.
B. Because South Africans are skilled at dealing with the tigers.
C. Because there is a complete eco-chain and enough space there.
D. Because the country has good natural conditions for the tigers to learn in. |
最新试题
热门考点