阅读理解。 Children become more generous as they get older, learning the principle
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阅读理解。 |
Children become more generous as they get older, learning the principles of equality by the age of eight. That may not be too surprising to anyone who has kids. Humans are born with a sense of fairness that most other animals seem not to share, but it"s not been clear exactly when this concept starts to develop. Dr. Alva Zhao and her colleagues conducted a series of tests to measure just how much children care about equality at different ages. In three different versions of a game, children were asked to choose between two ways of sharing a number of sweets with themselves and an unfamiliar partner. They could choose, for example, between one for me and one for you, or just having one for themselves. At the age of three, children were "almost completely selfish", says Zhao. They refused to give sweets away even if it made no difference to themselves. But by the age of eight, children generally preferred the fair option, sharing a prize equally rather than keeping it all to themselves. Several other factors influenced how fair the children were. The team found that children without brothers or sisters were 28% more likely to share than children with brothers or sisters. On the other hand, the youngest children in a family were 17% less willing to share than children who had only younger brother or sister. In addition, if children knew that their partner was from the same playgroup or school, they were more concerned about being fair. This suggests that being nice to people you know is something that develops a sense of equality. |
1. The main idea of the first paragraph is _____. |
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A. parents know clearly when their kids are more willing to share B. the kids" willingness of sharing is learned from their family C. the older the kids are,the more selfish they will become D. kids become more generous when they reach a certain age |
2. The tests conducted by Dr. Alva Zhao and her colleagues were aimed at _____. |
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A. how kids develop a quality of fairness in games B. children"s awareness of equality at different ages C. the reasons why children care about equality D. children"s attitudes towards other partners |
3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? |
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A. Children under three know little about being fair. B. Children above eight years old become less selfish. C. Children with brothers or sisters tend to be more generous. D. The youngest child in a family tends to be less generous. |
4. We can learn that children care more about equality while with _____. |
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A. unknown people B. nice people C. familiar people D. fair people |
答案
1-4: DBCC |
举一反三
信息匹配。 |
A. Social background for the Development of Adult Education B. What is the present situation? C. The purposes in Adult Education D. Ways of Adult Education E. The history of Adult Education F.What is Adult Education |
1.______ Voluntary learning in organized courses by mature men and women is called adult education. Such education is offered to make people able to enlarge and interpret their experience as adults. Adults may want to study something which they missed in earlier schooling, get new skills or job training, find out about new technological development, seek better self-understanding, or develop new talents and skills. 2.______ This kind of education may be in the form of self-study with proper guidance through the use of libraries, correspondence (函授) courses,or broadcasting. It may also be acquired collectively in schools and colleges, study groups, workshops, clubs, and professional associations. 3.______ Modern adult education for large numbers of people started in the 18th and 19th centuries with the rise of the Industrial Revolution. Great economic and social changes were taking place: people were moving from rural areas to cities: new types of work were being created in an expanding factory system. These and other factors produced a need for further education and reeducation of adults. 4.______ The earliest program of organized adult education arose in Great Britain in the 1790s, with the founding of an adult school at Nottingham and a mechanics" institute at Glasgow. The earliest adult education institution in the United States was founded by Benjamin Franklin and some friends in Philadelphia in 1727. 5.______ People recognize that continued learning is necessary for most forms of employment today. For example, parts of the adult population in many countries find it necessary to take part in retraining programs at work or even to learn completely new jobs. Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs. |
阅读理解。 |
However important school life may be, we can"t ignore the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore the great influence of parents can"t be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong supports of the school or they can consciously or unconsciously prevent the school from accomplishing its aims. Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents apprised of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading readiness program and developmental math. Moreover, the classroom teacher can also play an important role in explaining to parents what they should do. The informal tea and many interviews carried on during the year, as well as new ways of reporting pupils" progress, can significantly aid the interchange of ideas between school and home. Suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview,the teacher can help the parent change his method. He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing the family budget, buying the food, using a measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip and engage in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis. If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in math and at the same time, enjoying the work. Too often, however, teachers" conferences with parents are devoted to unimportant accounts of children" s wrongdoing,complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestions for punishments and rewards at home. What is needed is a more creative approach in which the teacher, as a professional advisor, plants ideas in parents" minds for the best use of the many hours that the child spends out of the classroom. In this way, the school and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngsters" competence. |
1. The underlined phrase "keep parents apprised of" in Para.2 probably means to let parents _____. |
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A. judge B. know C. design D. develop |
2. What is the purpose of the schools" informal tea and interviews? |
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A. To improve the relationship between teachers and parents. B. To explain to parents the change of the school curriculum. C. To report students" misdoings and suggestions for punishments. D. To help develop good communication between school and home. |
3. Why does the author provide the example in Paragraph 4? |
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A. To help parents know the importance of home activities. B. To show how the teacher can guide in home training. C. To prove parents are non-professional advisors. D. To advice parents to teach kids math at home. |
4. From the passage we learn that the author _____. |
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A. thinks teachers should do better as professionals B. is worried about children" s performance at home C. is satisfied with the present state of school education D. believes time spent out of the classroom has been wasted |
完形填空。 |
Chang"e I, China"s pioneering lunar probing (月球探测) satellite, came through its first lunar eclipse (月食) yesterday and had regained full operations. The moon orbiter was temporarily hidden from solar rays and lost 1 with Earth for two-and -half hours during a blackout that started at 10 a.m., Ye Peijian, chief commander and designer in 2 of the satellite system, said. Chang"e I had to switch off some its 3 and rely on onboard batteries during this challenging time, when it was 4 from solar energy, Ye said. Full details of how Chang"e I 5 during the eclipse were due to be released last night. Gu Shen, a deputy (副) director with the lunar probe"s measurement and control system, said scientists 6 the orbit of the satellite and shortened the 7 the probe was out of direct sunlight by about 80 minutes. As of 10 pm. Wednesday, the satellite had 8 1204 orbits of the moon.Before yesterday"s eclipse, the 9 time Chang"s I had been without contact with the Earth was 49 minutes. The European Space Agency helped 10 the satellite, which will perform a second orbital adjustment during another eclipse in August, Ye said. |
( )1.A.experiment ( )2.A.need ( )3.A.equipment ( )4.A.separated ( )5.A.failed ( )6.A.adopted ( )7.A.chance ( )8.A.completed ( )9.A.nearest ( )10.A.observe | B.track B.honor B.furniture B.protected B.suffered B.adjusted B.distance B.covered B.fastest B.monitor | C.control C.charge C.power C.supplied C.competed C.measured C.time C.opened C.longest C.approach | D.contact D.possession D.data D.blocked D.performed D.promoted D.risk D.realized D.shortest D.organize | Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. | Learning style theory suggests that different people have different ways of obtaining information and use various methods to demonstrate (证明) their intelligence and ability. Although experts have many ideas and categories of learning, it is evident that people learn in three basic styles. When learning something new, if you prefer to read the information, you are probably a student who learns through seeing. These learners like to see teacher"s facial expressions and body language clearly and rend to sit at the front of the classroom. They take detailed notes, think in pictures and can most easily absorb information from textbooks with diagrams, graphs, photographs and drawings. Students who find it easiest to learn a new concept by hearing a teacher explain it are learning through listening. Reading aloud, using a tape recorder, hearing anecdotes (趣闻) and talking things through are the best methods for these learners to acquire new information. They give close attention to both the content of the discussion and the way that things are said, such as how the sound of the voice and speed of speech show the mood of the speaker. Learning through doing means being active in exploring the environment and finding out about things by moving and touching. Students who have this learning style take a hands-on approach to education and enjoy experiments or surveys. They do not like to sit still for long periods of time and sometimes find it hard to concentrate when reading or listening. Teachers study people"s various ways of learning as part of their training. They select a variety of activities to suit their students" different learning styles. However, restrictions of time, space and resources often make it impossible for teachers to provide the best exercises for all learners. If you are aware of you own learning style, there is a lot you can do personally to improve your study skills and find the most appropriate ways to approach your study tasks. As a result, you will be able to manage your own learning and study more effectively. | 1.______ | Features of students" learning | Learning through seeing | *watch a teacher"s facial expressions and body language *sit 2.______ the platform *take detailed notes *think in pictures | 3.______ | *enjoy reading aloud *prefer to listen to recorded materials *fond of hearing something and 4.______ *pay special attention to the content of the discussion *focus on people"s 5.______ | Learning through doing | *6.______ and know better about things by moving and touching. *know the world 7.______ *carry out experiments or surveys *dislike sitting still for long *8.______ concentrating when reading or listening | 9.______ | *A teacher 10.______ all his students with a certain teaching method *A student should improve his learning skills to learn more effectively. | Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and the required words limit. | Even plant can run a fever, especially when they"re under attack by insects or disease. But unlike human, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away straight up. A decade ago, adopting the infrared (红外线) scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide (***虫剂) spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that don"t have pest (害虫) problems. Even better, Paley"s Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat sent out by crops. The data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running "fevers". Farmers could then spot-spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide that they otherwise would. The bad news is that Paley"s company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers resisted the new technology and long-term backers were hard to find. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements (改进) ininfrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works."This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States," says George Oerther of Texas A& M, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago. | 1. In what situation will plants have a fever? (No more than 8 words) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. How can we apply pesticide spraying precisely? (No more than 10 words) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Why may infrared scanning technology by brought back into operation? (No more than 13 words) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What is the biggest problem that might prevent bringing infrared scanning technology back? (No more than 7 words) ________________________________________________________________________________________ |
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