Since we are social beings，the quality of our lives depends in large measure on
题型：不详难度：来源：
Since we are social beings，the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships.One strength of the human conditions is our possibility to give and receive support from one another under stressful (有压力的) conditions.Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties.Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to deal with major life changes and daily problems.People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties.Studies over types of illnesses，from depression to heart disease，show that the presence of social support helps people defend themselves against illness，and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.
Social support cushions stress in a number of ways.First，friends，relatives and coworkers may let us know that they value us.Our selfrespect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others in spite of our faults and difficulties.Second，other people often provide us with informational support.They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them.Third，we typically find social companionship supportive.Taking part in freetime activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting (转移注意力) us from our worries and troubles.Finally，other people may give us instrumental support—money aid，material resources，and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and deal with our problems.
小题1:Interpersonal relationships are important because they can________.| A．deal with life changes | | B．smooth away daily problems | | C．make people live more easily | | D．cure types of illnesses |
小题2:The researches show that people’s physical and mental health________.| A．has much to do with the amount of support they get from others | | B．lies in the social medical care systems which support them | | C．depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles | | D．is related to their courage for dealing with major life changes. |
小题3:Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “cushions”？| A．takes place of | B．makes up of | | C．lessens the effect of | D．gets rid of |
小题4:Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work in spare time is an example of________.| A．instrumental support | | B．informational support | | C．social companionship | | D．the strengthening of selfrespect |
小题5:What is the subject discussed in the text?| A．Effects of stressful conditions. | | B．Kinds of social support. | | C．Ways to deal with stress. | | D．Interpersonal relationships. |
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答案
小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:C
小题5:D |
解析
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要阐述了我们是社会性的动物，所以我们的生活质量很大程度上取决于人际关系。
小题1:解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“to deal with major life changes and daily problems...Studies over types of illnesses”可知，A、B、D三项的内容只是问题的一部分，都比较片面。
答案： C
小题2:解析： 细节理解题。researches和studies都是研究的意思，根据第一段的最后一句话中“Studies over types of illnesses，from depression to heart disease，show that the presence of social support helps people defend themselves against illness，and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.”可知A项正确。B、C两项在文中没有提及，而D选项只提到了life changes，内容太片面。
答案： A
小题3:解析： 词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“...the presence of social support helps people defend themselves against...”可知，画线词所在句子的句意为：社会支持以许多方式减轻压力。take place of代替；make up of构成，组成；lessen the effect of减少影响，免受影响；get rid of摆脱，除掉，去掉。
答案： C
小题4:解析： 细节理解题。在最后一段中，作者给出了几种不同的support。第一种是“friends，relatives and coworkers may let us know that they value us.”即从朋友、亲戚和同事那获得的支持；第二种是“other people often provide us with informational support.”即别人为我们提供的信息帮助和支持；第三种是“we typically find social companionship supportive.Taking part in freetime activities with others...”即社会关系或友情中得到的支持或帮助；最后一种是“other people may give us instrumental support”即别人给我们提供的实质性支持。
答案： C
小题5:解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中“Since we are social beings，the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships.”可知，D项正确。
答案： D |
举一反三
There are many older people in the world and there will be many more.A limeknown fact is that over 60 percent of the older people live in developing countries.According to the World Health Organization，by 2020 there will be 1 billion，with over 700 million living in developing countries.
It is a surprising fact that the population ageing is particularly rapid in developing countries.For example，it took France 115 years for the proportion of older people to double from 7 percent to 14 percent.It is estimated to take China a mere 27 years to achieve this same increase.
What are the implications of these increased numbers of older folk？One of the biggest worries for governments is that the longer people live，the more likelihood there is for diseases and for disability.Attention is being paid to the need to keep people as healthy as possible，including during old age，to lessen the financial burden on the state.
Another significant problem is the need for the younger generations to understand and value the older people in their society.In some African countries，certainly in Asia，older people are respected and regarded as the ones with special knowledge.Yet traditions are fading away daily，which does not ensure the continued high regard of older people.As society changes，attitudes will change.
Much needs to be done to get rid of age discrimination (歧视) in employment.Lifelong learning programs need to be provided to enable older people to be active members in a country’s development.
Social security policies need to be established to provide adequate income protection for older people.Both public and private schemes are vital in order to build a suitable safety net.
To achieve equality in such matters will take considerable time and effort.One thing is sure：there is no time to be lost.
小题1:The proportion of older people________.| A．is bigger in developed countries than in developing countries | | B．is oneseventh of the population in developing countries | | C．will increase much faster in China than in France | | D．will be sixty percent in developing countries by 2020 |
小题2:According to the passage，which of the following are governments most worried about?| A．The diseases and disability of older people. | | B．The longer life and good health of people. | | C．The loss of taxes on older people. | | D．The increasing respect for older people. |
小题3:It is stated directly in the passage that older people should________.| A．be treated differently in different cultures | | B．enjoy a similar lifestyle | | C．be ignored as society changes | | D．be valued by the younger generations |
小题4:Which of the following measures is NOT mentioned to solve the population ageing problem?| A．Getting rid of age discrimination in employment. | | B．Ensuring adequate income protection for older people. | | C．Providing free health care for sick older people. | | D．Supplying lifelong learning programs to older people. |
小题5:The author concludes in the last paragraph that________.| A．governments have spent lots of time in solving the ageing problem | | B．population ageing is a hard problem，but it needs to be solved urgently | | C．people are too busy to solve the population ageing problem | | D．much time and effort will be lost in solving the ageing problem |
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Counterfeit medicines are a widespread problem in developing countries. Like other counterfeits, they look like real products. But counterfeit drugs may contain too much, too little or none of the active ingredients (原料) of the real thing.
People do not get the medicine they need. And in some cases the counterfeits cause death. Twenty children in Bangladesh died last year after being given acetaminophen (醋氨芬). The medications contained ingredients that looked, smelled and tasted like the real thing. The medicine was produced by a local drug company that used a dangerous substitute to save money.
The problem of counterfeit medicines is especially serious in Africa, Asia and Latin America. The WHO estimates that up to thirty percent of medicines on sale in many of those countries are counterfeits. The problem is less widespread among industrialized countries. The WHO says counterfeits make up less than one percent of the illegal drug market in countries like the United States, Canada, Japan, and New Zealand.
But the agency also says as much as fifty percent of the medicine sold on the Internet is counterfeit.
Much is being done to fight counterfeit drugs. Several companies are developing ways to make counterfeits easier to identify (鉴定). And there are existing methods, like a machine that can quickly identify chemicals in pills to confirm if the pills are real. Other ideas include things like special tracking (跟踪) codes for drug packages. People could send a text message with the code and get a message back, which proves that what they bought is listed in a database. Some drug makers and other companies put three-dimensional images called holograms (全息图) on their products as a security device.
小题1:The underlined word “counterfeits” means _______. | A．qualified products | B．sub-standard medicines | | C．real pills | D．false products |
小题2: Last year twenty children in Bangladesh died because of _______. | A．unclean water | B．acetaminophen | | C．unreal drugs | D．online medicines |
小题3: We can draw a conclusion from the passage that ______. | A．we had better not buy medicines online | | B．more and more people will buy products online | | C．medicine companies don’t pay much attention to counterfeit drugs | | D．it is very cheap and convenient to buy medicines online |
小题4: What is the main idea of the last paragraph?| A．It shows the danger of counterfeit drugs | | B．Special tracking codes for drug packages are used to identify counterfeits. | | C．Some measures are being taken to fight counterfeit drugs | | D．It reveals the reasons why counterfeit drugs are widespread. |
小题5: Which of the following country may have serious problems of counterfeit medicines?| A．France. | B．America | | C．New Zealand | D．India |
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You may not have heard of Ashoka, but for the past 27 years,this association, founded by Bill Drayton, has fought poverty (贫穷)and sickness, promoted education and encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the world"s most promising "changemakers" seeking to solve (解决) urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.
Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy, contributing adult. In fact It is many young people"s ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka, which handled the rubbish problem facing the city ,helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there .
When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka’s streets,Attracting tats and disease , they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste . So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (把……制成堆粪)this waste . They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical ferntilisers (化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years . At first , they were refused ,but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made , the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000.
Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious ,practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.
小题1:Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?| A．changemakers | B．Businessmen | | C．Social Conditions | D．Rubbish Problem |
小题2:The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 3 probably refers to" "| A．the local farmers | B．Masqsood and Iftekhar | | C．Drayton and his team | D．the poor people in Dhaka |
小题3:It can be concluded from the passage that anyone can become a changemaker if he .| A．considers Drayton"s concept | | B．gets permission from Ashoka | | C．tries to improve social conditions | | D．is a young, happy and healthy adult |
小题4:The authors attitude towards Ashoka"s program can be described as | A．changing | B．forgiving | C．cautious | D．Positive |
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Close your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would be like if you had a hundred dollars less. Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with you eyes closed. Imagine having to read this page, not with your eyes but with your finger-tips.
With existing medical knowledge and skills, two-thirds of the world’s 42 million blind should not have to suffer. Unfortunately, rich countries posses most of this knowledge, while developing countries do not.
ORBIS is an international non-profit organization which operates the world’s only flying teaching eye hospital. ORBIS intends to help fight blindness worldwide. Inside a DC-8 aircraft, there is a fully-equipped teaching hospital with television studio and classroom. Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people there. Project ORBIS also aims at promoting peaceful cooperation(合作) among countries.
ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing training during three-week medical programs. ORBIS has taught sight-saving techniques to over 35,000 doctors and nurses, who continue to cure tens of thousands of blind people every year. ORBIS has conducted 17 plane programs is China so far. For the seven to ten million blind in China ORBIS is planning to do more for them. At the moment an ORBIS is working on a long-term plan to develop a training center and to provide eye care service to Shanxi Province. ORBIS needs your help to continue their work and free people from blindness.
For just US$38,you can help one person see; for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people; $1,300 helps teach a doctor new skills; and for $13,000 you can provide a training programme for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again. Your money can open their eyes to the world. Please help ORBIS improve the quality of life for so many people less fortunate than ourselves.
小题1:The first paragraph is intended to ______.| A．introduce a new way of reading | | B．advise the public to lead a simple life | | C．direct the public’s attention to the blind | | D．Encourage the public to use imagination |
小题2:What do we learn about existing medical knowledge and skills in the world?| A．They are adequate | B．They have not been updated. | | C．They are not equally distributed | D．They have benefited most of the blind |
小题3:ORRIS aims to help the blind by ______.| A．teaching medical students | B．training doctors and nurses | | C．running flying hospitals globally | D．setting up non-profit organization |
小题4:What does the author try to do in the last paragraph?| A．Appeal for donations | B．Make an advertisement | | C．Promote training programs | D．Show sympathy for the blind |
小题5:What can be the best title for the passage?| A．ORRIS in China | B．Fighting Blindness | | C．ORRIS Flying Hospital | D．Sight-seeing Techniques |
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Everyone looks forward to progress, whether in one’s personal life or in the general society. Progress indicates a person’s ability to change the way he is living at the moment. Progress must lead a better way of doing things. All these, however, remains true only in so far as people want to accept technology and move forward by finding new and more efficient ways of doing things.
However, at the back of the minds of many people, especially those who missed the “good old days”, efficiency comes with a price. When communication becomes efficient, people are able to contact one another no matter where they are and at whatever time they wish to. The click of a button allows people miles apart to talk or to see each other without even leaving their homes. With the communication gadgets, such as mobile phones and ipads, people often do not take the effect to visit one another personally. A personal visit carries with it the additional feature of having to be in the person’s presence for as long as the visit lasts. We cannot unnecessarily excuse our selves or turn the other person off.
With efficiency also comes mass production. Such is the nature of factories and the success of industrialization today. Factories have improved efficiency. Unskillful tasks are left to machines and products are better made and produced with greater accuracy than any human hand could ever have done. However, with the improvements in efficiency also comes the loss of the personal touch when making these products. For example, many handcrafts(手工艺品) are now produced in a factory. Although this means that supply is better able to increase demand, now that the supply is quick and efficient, the demand might fall because mass production lowers the quality of the handicraft and it is difficult to find unique designs on each item.
Nevertheless, we must not commit the mistake of analyzing progress only from one point of view. In fact, progress has allowed tradition to keep up. It is only with progress and the invention of new technology that many old products can be brought back to their old state. New technology is required for old products to stay old.
It is people’s attitude towards progress that causes the type of influence that technology has on society. Technology is flexible. There is no fixed way of making use of it. Everything depends on people’s attitude. The worst effects of progress will fall on those who are unable to rethink their attitudes and views of society. When we accept progress and adapt it to suit our needs, a new “past” is created.
小题1:According to Paragraph 1, progress can benefit people when they are willing to _______.| A．live a better life | | B．look for better methods | | C．change ways of living | | D．accept technology and advance steadily |
小题2:The underlined word “gadgets” is closest in meaning to _______.| A．tools | B．messages | C．barriers | D．skills |
小题3:The author explains “efficiency comes with a price” by _______.| A．describing a process | B．using examples | | C．following time order | D．making classification |
小题4:Compared with home-made handicrafts, machine made products _______.| A．lack great accuracy | B．lack the personal touch | | C．are of high value | D．are quite welcome |
小题5:What can be learned about technology from Paragraph 4?| A．It can destroy old traditions. | | B．It can lead to social progress. | | C．It can be used to correct mistakes. | | D．It can be used to preserve old products. |
小题6:What can be concluded from the last paragraph?| A．Progress can suit the needs of daily life. | | B．People review the past with great regret. | | C．Technology should be introduced in a fixed way. | | D．People’s attitude decides the use of technology. |
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