Everyone looks forward to progress, whether in one’s personal life or in the gen
题型：不详难度：来源：
Everyone looks forward to progress, whether in one’s personal life or in the general society. Progress indicates a person’s ability to change the way he is living at the moment. Progress must lead a better way of doing things. All these, however, remains true only in so far as people want to accept technology and move forward by finding new and more efficient ways of doing things.
However, at the back of the minds of many people, especially those who missed the “good old days”, efficiency comes with a price. When communication becomes efficient, people are able to contact one another no matter where they are and at whatever time they wish to. The click of a button allows people miles apart to talk or to see each other without even leaving their homes. With the communication gadgets, such as mobile phones and ipads, people often do not take the effect to visit one another personally. A personal visit carries with it the additional feature of having to be in the person’s presence for as long as the visit lasts. We cannot unnecessarily excuse our selves or turn the other person off.
With efficiency also comes mass production. Such is the nature of factories and the success of industrialization today. Factories have improved efficiency. Unskillful tasks are left to machines and products are better made and produced with greater accuracy than any human hand could ever have done. However, with the improvements in efficiency also comes the loss of the personal touch when making these products. For example, many handcrafts(手工艺品) are now produced in a factory. Although this means that supply is better able to increase demand, now that the supply is quick and efficient, the demand might fall because mass production lowers the quality of the handicraft and it is difficult to find unique designs on each item.
Nevertheless, we must not commit the mistake of analyzing progress only from one point of view. In fact, progress has allowed tradition to keep up. It is only with progress and the invention of new technology that many old products can be brought back to their old state. New technology is required for old products to stay old.
It is people’s attitude towards progress that causes the type of influence that technology has on society. Technology is flexible. There is no fixed way of making use of it. Everything depends on people’s attitude. The worst effects of progress will fall on those who are unable to rethink their attitudes and views of society. When we accept progress and adapt it to suit our needs, a new “past” is created.
小题1:According to Paragraph 1, progress can benefit people when they are willing to _______.| A．live a better life | | B．look for better methods | | C．change ways of living | | D．accept technology and advance steadily |
小题2:The underlined word “gadgets” is closest in meaning to _______.| A．tools | B．messages | C．barriers | D．skills |
小题3:The author explains “efficiency comes with a price” by _______.| A．describing a process | B．using examples | | C．following time order | D．making classification |
小题4:Compared with home-made handicrafts, machine made products _______.| A．lack great accuracy | B．lack the personal touch | | C．are of high value | D．are quite welcome |
小题5:What can be learned about technology from Paragraph 4?| A．It can destroy old traditions. | | B．It can lead to social progress. | | C．It can be used to correct mistakes. | | D．It can be used to preserve old products. |
小题6:What can be concluded from the last paragraph?| A．Progress can suit the needs of daily life. | | B．People review the past with great regret. | | C．Technology should be introduced in a fixed way. | | D．People’s attitude decides the use of technology. |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:B
小题4:B
小题5:D
小题6:D |
解析
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。众所周知，发展可以为人类和社会带来各种便利，但新技术的使用对社会产生何种影响取决于人们的态度。因为发展的同时，会付出一定的代价。如，大批量生产使手工产品质量的降低，产品个性的缺失，产品人文性的丧失等。呼吁先进性与传统性要协调同步发展。
小题1:D解析：细节理解题 文章第一段告诉我们，不论个人还是社会都需要发展，发展为的是改善现状，求得更有效的行事方法。但是，所有的这些只有在人们接受这些技术和改进（All these, however, remains true only in so far as people want to accept technology and move forward......），这样发展才能起更大作用。因此D选项符合此意。
小题2:A解析：词义猜测题 原文说“有了交际......，比如手机，ipads 等，人们就不会经常登门拜访（With the communication gadgets, such as mobile phones and ipads, people often do not take the effect to visit one another personally.），根据所划线部分词举的例子，我们可以猜出是指手机等交往工具。因此A选项正确。
小题3:B解析：写作手法理解题 该段首句提出，怀旧的人们认为：高效率带来的发展要有代价的。接着作者以人们手机，平板电脑等的使用为例加以说明。由此得知，B选项与此意吻合。
小题4:B解析：细节理解题 第三段告诉我们高效率带来产品的大批量的生产。但比起手工制作， 因没有个性造成与人类联系的缺失（However, with the improvements in efficiency also comes the loss of the personal touch when making these products.）。.所以B 选项正确。
小题5:D解析：段意理解题 第四段从发展的另一角度告诉我们，新技术可以用来保持传统。就是因为发展和新技术的运用使许多古老的东西风韵犹存（It is only with progress and the invention of new technology that many old products can be brought back to their old state.），所以D 选项正确。
小题6:D解析：主旨要义题 最后一段首句告诉我们，人们对发展的态度是技术给社会产生相应影响的根源（It is people’s attitude towards progress that causes the type of influence that technology has on society.）；然后作者从正反两方面论证这一中心。所以D 选项正确。 |
举一反三
Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can"t talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.
Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator（猎食动物）gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.
Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.
Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don"t make nests. Instead, they get into other birds" nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them.
Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner"s hand and start fighting again.
Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don"t hear them, and they don"t need to share their food.
As children, many of us learn the saying "You can"t fool Mother Nature." But maybe you can"t trust her, either.
小题1:A plover protects its young from a predator by______.| A．getting closer to its young | | B．driving away the adult predator | | C．leaving its young in another nest | | D．pretending to be injured |
小题2:By "Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky" (paragraph 5), the author means______.| A．chimps are ready to attack others | | B．chimps are sometimes dishonest | | C．chimps are jealous of the winners | | D．chimps can be selfish too |
小题3:Which of the following is true according to the passage?| A．Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others. | | B．The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner"s hand. | | C．Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests. | | D．Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back. |
小题4:Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?| A．Do animals lie? | | B．Does Mother Nature fool animals? | | C．How do animals learn to lie? | | D．How does honesty help animals survive? |
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阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A. B. C. D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
A
Like many other parts of our lives today, education has become a global enterprise. In microcosm(微观世界), my school is proof of just how global. Monkseaton High School is an ordinary state-funded school of 850 students in the unfashionable part of northeastern England. Over the past seven years it has sent 12 students to American universities --- two of them to Harvard. Monkseaton has, in turn, attracted students from other countries, including Germany and Latvia. Monkseaton now almost routinely receives inquiries from students in Eastern European countries. Obviously, learning English is a big draw, but his pattern of student movement was unheard of five years ago.
The brain drain is a universal phenomenon, and countries that don’t face up to the new reality will be losing some of their most precious resources. The northeast of England is its poorest region, and has experienced a severe loss of highly qualified professionals-to-be. Some of the most able 18-year-olds are going to other parts of Britain, even to other countries. What is happening here is happening to Britain as a whole. Most noticeably, there is a growing trend of British students taking degrees in American universities. This year the number will break the psychological barrier of 1,000 students for the first time.
And what is happening at the secondary-school level is happening to higher education. Wherever they come from, today’s students have a very different perspective on education from their parents. Because of television, the Internet and their travels, these students see the world as a much smaller place than their parents once did. They are more confident in accepting the challenge of moving from one country to another, from one culture to another; in many cases they can even apply to schools over the Internet. Students are also more aware of the overall cost of education and are looking for value for money. Plus, for many, education linked to travel is a better option than education at home.
小题1: Why does the author say education has become a global enterprise?| A．Monkseaton High School used to be a very unfashionable school in the Northeast England. | | B．Monkseaton High School is now one of the state-funded middle schools in England. | | C．Monkseaton High School has sent two top students to the Harvard University in U.S. | | D．There is now an extensive exchange of students among different countries. |
小题2: What can we infer about northeast England from the passage?| A．It is one of the poorest regions in England. | | B．It has experienced a severe loss of professionals. | | C．It will face a more serious brain drain in the near future. | | D．It is losing its young talents to other parts of the world. |
小题3: According to the passage, students today have different perspective from their parents on the following EXCEPT that _________________.| A．education linked to travel is much better than education at home | | B．overall cost of education should be considered against money value | | C．moving from one culture to another is a welcomed challenge | | D．the Internet is more popular and easier to access in the near future |
小题4: The students today tend to see the world as a much smaller place NOT because __________.| A．they are having more exposure to the television programs | | B．they are having easier access to the Internet | | C．they are having frequent travels to the other parts of the world | | D．they are having better communication with their parents |
小题5: The purpose of the author in writing this passage is to __________.| A．tell us the benefit of globalization of education | | B．analyze the causes for students’ moving trend in Great Britain | | C．criticize the universal phenomenon of brain drain worldwide | | D．draw attention to students’ moving from one country to another |
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A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the victory of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people. Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability.
Accountability isn’t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences.
Of the many values that hold civilization together --- honesty, kindness, and so on --- accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law --- and, ultimately, no society.
My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people’s behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.
Fortunately there are still communities --- smaller towns, usually --- where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that declare: “In this family certain things are not tolerated --- they simply are not done!”
Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you annoy him.
The main cause of this breakdown is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it’s the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged (被剥夺基本社会权利的) upbringing, by the school that didn’t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didn’t provide a stable home.
I don’t believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything. We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it..
小题1:What the wise man said suggests that it’s __________.| A．unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evil | | B．certain that evil will be widespread if good men do nothing about it | | C．only natural for good men to defeat evil | | D．desirable for good men to keep away from evil |
小题2: According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime, ________.| A．society is to be held responsible | | B．modern civilization is responsible for it | | C．the criminal himself should bear the blame | | D．the standards of living should be improved |
小题3: Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have ________.| A．less self-discipline | B．better sense of discipline | | C．more respect to each other | D．less effective government |
小题4: The writer is sorry to have noticed that ________.| A．people in large cities tend to excuse criminals | | B．people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standards. | | C．today’s society lacks sympathy for people in difficulty | | D．people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities |
小题5: The key point of the passage is that ________.| A．stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and families | | B．more good examples should be set for people to follow | | C．more attention should be paid to people’s behavior | | D．more people should accept the value of accountability |
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A man who knows how to write a personal letter has a very powerful tool.A letter can be enjoyed, read and ____.It can set up a warm conversation between two people far apart(远离的)；it can keep a ____with very little effort.
I will give___.A few years ago my older brother and I were not getting____.We had been close as____but had grown apart.Our meetings were not____； our conversation was filled with arguments and quarrels; and every effort to clear the air seemed to only ___our misunderstanding.Then he____a small island in the Caribbean and we___touch.One day he wrote me a letter.He described his island and its people, told me what he was doing, said how he felt, and encouraged me to____.Rereading the letter, I was____by its humor(幽默)and clever expressions.These were all qualities for which I had____respected my older brother but____he no longer had them.I had never known he could write so____.And with that one letter we became friends____.
It might never have occurred to____to write me if he had not been in a place where there were no___.For him, writing was a necessity.It also turned out to be the best way for us to get back in touch.Because we live in an age of____communication(通讯), people often____ that they don"t always have to phone or email.They have a____.And that is to write.
| 小题1: | | A．received | B．rewritten | C．returned | D．reread |
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| 小题2: | | A．record | B．promise | C．friendship | D．secret |
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| 小题3: | | A．an example | B．a lesson | C．an experience | D．a talk |
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| 小题4: | | A．through | B．together | C．along | D．away |
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| 小题5: | | A．brothers | B．children | C．fellows | D．classmates |
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| 小题6: | | A．normal | B．necessary | C．pleasant | D．possible |
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| 小题7: | | A．deepen | B．start | C．express | D．settle |
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| 小题8: | | A．toured | B．stopped | C．reached | D．moved to |
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| 小题9: | | A．lost | B．kept in | C．needed | D．got in |
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| 小题10: | | A．think | B．write | C．enjoy | D．read |
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| 小题11: | | A．driven | B．beaten | C．surprised | D．honored |
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| 小题12: | | A．never | B．seldom | C．sometimes | D．once |
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| 小题13: | | A．realized | B．judged | C．thought | D．expected |
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| 小题14: | | A．well | B．often | C．much | D．soon |
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| 小题15: | | A．later | B．anyhow | C．too | D．again |
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| 小题16: | | A．us | B．anyone | C．someone | D．my brother |
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| 小题17: | | A．mail services | B．transport services | C．phones | D．relative |
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| 小题18: | | A．poor | B．easy | C．popular | D．busy |
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| 小题19: | | A．believe | B．decide | C．argue | D．forget |
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| 小题20: | | A．habit | B．choice | C．method | D．plan |
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India has many festivals, with some celebrations that last for weeks. However, none of them come even close to Holi, India’s most colorful and fun festival. Celebrated on the day following the full moon, this year’s festival happens to be on March 19th.
As with most Indian festivals, this one also has many different folk stories. Most of them center around the success of good over evil. The most popular one is about a king, who hates his son Prahlada for loving the creator of the Universe—Lord Vishnu. When every attempt to stop him fails, his sister, Holika believed to be immune(免疫的) to fire, joins in the effort by inviting the young boy to sit with her inside a huge fire. Helped by the power of Lord Vishnu, Prahlada escapes safely, while the evil Holika is burned to death. To remember this event, huge outdoor fires are lit in the night before Holi in order to clean the air of evil spirits and to celebrate the death of the evil.
So what’s so great about this day? While there are some fun parades(游行) and folk songs and dance performances, the most fun of all is walking to the streets and splashing(泼洒) people with water guns and dry colors and even covering them with entire buckets of colored water. On this day, everybody is fair game, no matter how old or how young.
At about midday, the splashing comes to an end and people living close to oceans or rivers usually take a bath in the water to clean themselves before going home to a delicious home-made big dinner and a well-deserved short sleep, following this full day of fun and activities.
小题1:Why does the king dislike his son Prahlada?| A．Because Prahlada doesn’t love him. | | B．Because Prahlada is rude to Holika. | | C．Because Prahlada loves Lord Vishnu. | | D．Because Prahlada concentrates on his own success. |
小题2:Prahlada gets out of danger __________.| A．with the help of Lord Vishnu | | B．because of his good luck | | C．by beating his aunt Holika | | D．using his amazing talent |
小题3:The underlined phrase “fair game” in Paragraph 3 refers to a person who __________.| A．fights against others fairly | | B．enjoys splashing people | | C．plays a trick on others | | D．is the aim of splashing water |
小题4:After the fun activities, people living close to oceans or rivers often take a bath because __________.| A．they have got dirty with dry colors and colored water | | B．going home with colored water means bad luck | | C．they believe clean water will bring good luck | | D．taking a bath shows their true love for Lord Vishnu |
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